DraCo: Draft as CoT for Text-to-Image Preview and Rare Concept Generation
On the map: LLM reasoning → Multimodal reasoning
Abstract (arXiv)
Recent unified multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown impressive capabilities, incorporating chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning for enhanced text-to-image generation. However, existing approaches remain limited, either treating the model merely as a standalone generator or relying on abstract textual planning. To this end, we propose Draft-as-CoT (DraCo), a novel interleaved reasoning paradigm that fully leverages both textual and visual contents in CoT for better planning and verification. Our method first generates a low-resolution draft image as preview, providing more concrete and structural visual planning and guidance. Then, we employ the model's inherent understanding capability to verify potential semantic misalignments between the draft and input prompt, and performs refinement through selective corrections with super-resolution. In this way, our approach addresses two fundamental challenges: the coarse-grained nature of textual planning and the difficulty in generating rare attribute combinations. To support training, we curate DraCo-240K, aiming to enhance three atomic capabilities spanning general correction, instance manipulation, and layout reorganization. Supported by DraCo-CFG, a specialized classifier-free guidance (CFG) strategy for interleaved reasoning, DraCo achieves a tremendous increase on GenEval (+8%), Imagine-Bench (+0.91), and GenEval++ (+3%), significantly outperforming direct generation and other generation methods empowered by CoT.
Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 62 of its 74 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 4 Dec 2025.
Builds on
62 of 74 references.
Closest ancestors · 15
Same direction, newest first
- 2025Thinking-while-Generating: Interleaving Textual Reasoning throughout Visual Generation20 Nov
- 2025MathCanvas: Intrinsic Visual Chain-of-Thought for Multimodal Mathematical Reasoning16 Oct
- 2025Generative Universal Verifier as Multimodal Meta-Reasoner15 Oct
- 2025BLINK-Twice: You see, but do you observe? A Reasoning Benchmark on Visual Perception10 Oct
- 2025Improving Chain-of-Thought Efficiency for Autoregressive Image Generation7 Oct
- 2025Uni-cot: Towards Unified Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Across Text and Vision7 Aug
- 2025MINT-CoT: Enabling Interleaved Visual Tokens in Mathematical Chain-of-Thought Reasoning5 Jun
- 2025ReasonGen-R1: CoT for Autoregressive Image generation models through SFT and RL30 May
- 2025OpenThinkIMG: Learning to Think with Images via Visual Tool Reinforcement Learning13 May
- 2025T2I-R1: Reinforcing Image Generation with Collaborative Semantic-level and Token-level CoT1 May
- 2025GoT: Unleashing Reasoning Capability of Multimodal Large Language Model for Visual Generation and Editing13 Mar
- 2025SciVerse: Unveiling the Knowledge Comprehension and Visual Reasoning of LMMs on Multi-modal Scientific Problems13 Mar
3 more
Other references · 47
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
- 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,863
- 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,459
- 2023Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Modelcited by 8,065
- 2022Classifier-Free Diffusion Guidancecited by 5,847
- 2022Flow Matching for Generative Modelingcited by 5,702
- 2021Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Datasetcited by 5,371
- 2023Improved Baselines with Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 4,418
- 2022Large Language Models are Zero-Shot Reasonerscited by 4,374
- 2023SDXL: Improving Latent Diffusion Models for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,356
- 2024Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolutioncited by 4,234
- 2024Scaling Rectified Flow Transformers for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,181
35 more
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- 2023Grounding DINO: Marrying DINO with Grounded Pre-Training for Open-Set Object Detectioncited by 3,332
- 2023MMMU: A Massive Multi-discipline Multimodal Understanding and Reasoning Benchmark for Expert AGIcited by 2,080
- 2025SigLIP 2: Multilingual Vision-Language Encoders with Improved Semantic Understanding, Localization, and Dense Featurescited by 1,188
- 2023GenEval: An Object-Focused Framework for Evaluating Text-to-Image Alignmentcited by 972
- 2024Grounded SAM: Assembling Open-World Models for Diverse Visual Taskscited by 929
- 2024Chameleon: Mixed-Modal Early-Fusion Foundation Modelscited by 927
- 2025Emerging Properties in Unified Multimodal Pretrainingcited by 897
- 2025Janus-Pro: Unified Multimodal Understanding and Generation with Data and Model Scalingcited by 812
- 2024Emu3: Next-Token Prediction is All You Needcited by 781
- 2024Show-o: One Single Transformer to Unify Multimodal Understanding and Generationcited by 752
- 2019MathQA: Towards Interpretable Math Word Problem Solving with Operation-Based Formalismscited by 662
- 2024MathVerse: Does Your Multi-modal LLM Truly See the Diagrams in Visual Math Problems?cited by 586
- 2024LLaVA-NeXT-Interleave: Tackling Multi-image, Video, and 3D in Large Multimodal Modelscited by 584
- 2024Janus: Decoupling Visual Encoding for Unified Multimodal Understanding and Generationcited by 457
- 2023Generative Multimodal Models are In-Context Learnerscited by 446
- 2024OmniGen: Unified Image Generationcited by 394
- 2025BLIP3-o: A Family of Fully Open Unified Multimodal Models-Architecture, Training and Datasetcited by 376
- 2023DreamLLM: Synergistic Multimodal Comprehension and Creationcited by 297
- 2024VILA-U: a Unified Foundation Model Integrating Visual Understanding and Generationcited by 295
- 2025OmniGen2: Towards Instruction-Aligned Multimodal Generationcited by 253
- 2024TokenFlow: Unified Image Tokenizer for Multimodal Understanding and Generationcited by 202
- 2025WebAgent-R1: Training Web Agents via End-to-End Multi-Turn Reinforcement Learningcited by 165
- 2024MMSearch: Benchmarking the Potential of Large Models as Multi-modal Search Enginescited by 101
- 2025Echo-4o: Harnessing the Power of GPT-4o Synthetic Images for Improved Image Generationcited by 100
- 2025Lumina-DiMOO: An Omni Diffusion Large Language Model for Multi-Modal Generation and Understandingcited by 88
- 2025Visual Planning: Let's Think Only with Imagescited by 85
- 2024MoVA: Adapting Mixture of Vision Experts to Multimodal Contextcited by 83
- 2023Generating images of rare concepts using pre-trained diffusion modelscited by 79
- 2025Vision-R1: Evolving Human-Free Alignment in Large Vision-Language Models via Vision-Guided Reinforcement Learningcited by 69
- 2025Agent RL Scaling Law: Agent RL with Spontaneous Code Execution for Mathematical Problem Solvingcited by 62
- 2025From Reflection to Perfection: Scaling Inference-Time Optimization for Text-to-Image Diffusion Models via Reflection Tuningcited by 56
- 2025FocusDiff: Advancing Fine-Grained Text-Image Alignment for Autoregressive Visual Generation through RLcited by 13
- 2025RefEdit: A Benchmark and Method for Improving Instruction-based Image Editing Model on Referring Expressionscited by 10
- 2025FailureAtlas:Mapping the Failure Landscape of T2I Models via Active Explorationcited by 2
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Citing papers per year: 2026: 13.
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- 2026Mind-Brush: Integrating Agentic Cognitive Search and Reasoning into Image Generationcited by 23
- 2026Qwen-Image-Agent: Bridging the Context Gap in Real-World Image Generationcited by 13
- 2026GenClaw: Code-Driven Agentic Image Generationcited by 11
- 2026VideoCoCo: Code-as-CoT for Physically-Consistent Video Generation via an Agentic Dual-Engine Systemcited by 8
- 2026StruVis: Enhancing Reasoning-based Text-to-Image Generation via Thinking with Structured Visioncited by 3
- 2026Breaking Dual Bottlenecks: Evolving Unified Multimodal Models into Self-Adaptive Interleaved Visual Reasonerscited by 3
- 2026MemoGen: Can Past Experience Improve Future Text-to-Image Generation?cited by 3
- 2026OmniVerifier-M1: Multimodal Meta-Verifier with Explicit Structured Recalibrationcited by 2
- 2026IV-CoT: Implicit Visual Chain-of-Thought for Structure-Aware Text-to-Image Generationcited by 2
- 2026Agentic Planning with Reasoning for Image Styling via Offline RLcited by 1
- 2026Agentic Visual Generation: From Generative Models to Agentic Controlcited by 1
- 2026UniCanvas: A Diffusion-base Unified Model for Text-in-Image Joint Generationcited by 0
1 more
- 2026Editable Visual Designcited by 0
- 2026Agentic Visual Generation: From Generative Models to Agentic Control6 Sep 2026
- 2026Editable Visual Design3 Sep 2026
- 2026VideoCoCo: Code-as-CoT for Physically-Consistent Video Generation via an Agentic Dual-Engine System29 Jul 2026
- 2026Qwen-Image-Agent: Bridging the Context Gap in Real-World Image Generation25 Jun 2026
- 2026IV-CoT: Implicit Visual Chain-of-Thought for Structure-Aware Text-to-Image Generation23 Jun 2026
- 2026UniCanvas: A Diffusion-base Unified Model for Text-in-Image Joint Generation2 Jun 2026
- 2026MemoGen: Can Past Experience Improve Future Text-to-Image Generation?2 Jun 2026
- 2026GenClaw: Code-Driven Agentic Image Generation28 May 2026
- 2026OmniVerifier-M1: Multimodal Meta-Verifier with Explicit Structured Recalibration27 May 2026
- 2026Breaking Dual Bottlenecks: Evolving Unified Multimodal Models into Self-Adaptive Interleaved Visual Reasoners14 May 2026
- 2026Agentic Planning with Reasoning for Image Styling via Offline RL7 Mar 2026
- 2026StruVis: Enhancing Reasoning-based Text-to-Image Generation via Thinking with Structured Vision6 Mar 2026
- 2026Mind-Brush: Integrating Agentic Cognitive Search and Reasoning into Image Generationcited by 23
- 2026GenClaw: Code-Driven Agentic Image Generationcited by 11
- 2026VideoCoCo: Code-as-CoT for Physically-Consistent Video Generation via an Agentic Dual-Engine Systemcited by 8
- 2026Agentic Planning with Reasoning for Image Styling via Offline RLcited by 1
- 2026Agentic Visual Generation: From Generative Models to Agentic Controlcited by 1
- 2026Agentic Visual Generation: From Generative Models to Agentic Control6 Sep 2026
- 2026VideoCoCo: Code-as-CoT for Physically-Consistent Video Generation via an Agentic Dual-Engine System29 Jul 2026
- 2026GenClaw: Code-Driven Agentic Image Generation28 May 2026
- 2026Agentic Planning with Reasoning for Image Styling via Offline RL7 Mar 2026
- 2026Mind-Brush: Integrating Agentic Cognitive Search and Reasoning into Image Generation2 Feb 2026
- 2026Qwen-Image-Agent: Bridging the Context Gap in Real-World Image Generationcited by 13
- 2026Breaking Dual Bottlenecks: Evolving Unified Multimodal Models into Self-Adaptive Interleaved Visual Reasonerscited by 3
- 2026MemoGen: Can Past Experience Improve Future Text-to-Image Generation?cited by 3
- 2026Editable Visual Designcited by 0
- 2026Editable Visual Design3 Sep 2026
- 2026Qwen-Image-Agent: Bridging the Context Gap in Real-World Image Generation25 Jun 2026
- 2026MemoGen: Can Past Experience Improve Future Text-to-Image Generation?2 Jun 2026
- 2026Breaking Dual Bottlenecks: Evolving Unified Multimodal Models into Self-Adaptive Interleaved Visual Reasoners14 May 2026
Similar, not cited
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- 2026CoCo: Code as CoT for Text-to-Image Preview and Rare Concept Generation
- 2025Beyond Textual CoT: Interleaved Text-Image Chains with Deep Confidence Reasoning for Image Editing
- 2025CRAFT: Continuous Reasoning and Agentic Feedback Tuning for Multimodal Text-to-Image Generation
- 2026FiRe: Fine-grained Multimodal Reasoning for Enhanced Image Generation
- 2026Large Language Models are Universal Reasoners for Visual Generation
- 2025Thinking with Programming Vision: Towards a Unified View for Thinking with Images
- 2024Mastering Text-to-Image Diffusion: Recaptioning, Planning, and Generating with Multimodal LLMs
- 2025Unsupervised Visual Chain-of-Thought Reasoning via Preference Optimization