Unified Thinker: A General Reasoning Modular Core for Image Generation
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Abstract (arXiv)
Despite impressive progress in high-fidelity image synthesis, generative models still struggle with logic-intensive instruction following, exposing a persistent reasoning--execution gap. Meanwhile, closed-source systems (e.g., Nano Banana) have demonstrated strong reasoning-driven image generation, highlighting a substantial gap to current open-source models. We argue that closing this gap requires not merely better visual generators, but executable reasoning: decomposing high-level intents into grounded, verifiable plans that directly steer the generative process. To this end, we propose Unified Thinker, a task-agnostic reasoning architecture for general image generation, designed as a unified planning core that can plug into diverse generators and workflows. Unified Thinker decouples a dedicated Thinker from the image Generator, enabling modular upgrades of reasoning without retraining the entire generative model. We further introduce a two-stage training paradigm: we first build a structured planning interface for the Thinker, then apply reinforcement learning to ground its policy in pixel-level feedback, encouraging plans that optimize visual correctness over textual plausibility. Extensive experiments on text-to-image generation and image editing show that Unified Thinker substantially improves image reasoning and generation quality.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 25 of its 41 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Jan 2026.
Builds on
25 of 41 references.
References · 25
- 2021Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesiscited by 8,255
- 2023Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Modelcited by 8,065
- 2024Scaling Rectified Flow Transformers for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,181
- 2022InstructPix2Pix: Learning to Follow Image Editing Instructionscited by 2,611
- 2025Emerging Properties in Unified Multimodal Pretrainingcited by 897
- 2025Flow-GRPO: Training Flow Matching Models via Online RLcited by 661
- 2023Generative Multimodal Models are In-Context Learnerscited by 446
- 2025Show-o2: Improved Native Unified Multimodal Modelscited by 250
- 2024AnyEdit: Mastering Unified High-Quality Image Editing for Any Ideacited by 241
- 2025WISE: A World Knowledge-Informed Semantic Evaluation for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 204
- 2024BrushNet: A Plug-and-Play Image Inpainting Model with Decomposed Dual-Branch Diffusioncited by 202
- 2023A Task is Worth One Word: Learning with Task Prompts for High-Quality Versatile Image Inpaintingcited by 169
13 more
- 2025T2I-R1: Reinforcing Image Generation with Collaborative Semantic-level and Token-level CoTcited by 166
- 2025Can We Generate Images with CoT? Let's Verify and Reinforce Image Generation Step by Stepcited by 131
- 2025Envisioning Beyond the Pixels: Benchmarking Reasoning-Informed Visual Editingcited by 99
- 2024Liquid: Language Models are Scalable and Unified Multi-modal Generatorscited by 63
- 2025Pico-Banana-400K: A Large-Scale Dataset for Text-Guided Image Editingcited by 61
- 2025Uni-cot: Towards Unified Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Across Text and Visioncited by 56
- 2025Reflect-DiT: Inference-Time Scaling for Text-to-Image Diffusion Transformers via In-Context Reflectioncited by 43
- 2025FLUX-Reason-6M & PRISM-Bench: A Million-Scale Text-to-Image Reasoning Dataset and Comprehensive Benchmarkcited by 38
- 2025ImageGen-CoT: Enhancing Text-to-Image In-context Learning with Chain-of-Thought Reasoningcited by 37
- 2025UniREditBench: A Unified Reasoning-based Image Editing Benchmarkcited by 25
- 2025I Think, Therefore I Diffuse: Enabling Multimodal In-Context Reasoning in Diffusion Modelscited by 12
- 2025Reasoning to Edit: Hypothetical Instruction-Based Image Editing with Visual Reasoningcited by 9
- 2025R-Genie: Reasoning-Guided Generative Image Editingcited by 6
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 5.
5 papers.
- 2026When Models Learn to Ask Why: Adaptive Causal Reasoning for Trustworthy Medical Vision-Language Modelscited by 6
- 2026DDA-Thinker: Decoupled Dual-Atomic Reinforcement Learning for Reasoning-Driven Image Editingcited by 3
- 2026GeodesicNVS: Probability Density Geodesic Flow Matching for Novel View Synthesiscited by 2
- 2026Advances in GRPO for Generation Models: A Surveycited by 2
- 2026FontCrafter: High-Fidelity Element-Driven Artistic Font Creation with Visual In-Context Generationcited by 1
- 2026DDA-Thinker: Decoupled Dual-Atomic Reinforcement Learning for Reasoning-Driven Image Editing28 Apr 2026
- 2026When Models Learn to Ask Why: Adaptive Causal Reasoning for Trustworthy Medical Vision-Language Models24 Mar 2026
- 2026FontCrafter: High-Fidelity Element-Driven Artistic Font Creation with Visual In-Context Generation23 Mar 2026
- 2026GeodesicNVS: Probability Density Geodesic Flow Matching for Novel View Synthesis1 Mar 2026
- 2026Advances in GRPO for Generation Models: A Survey21 Feb 2026
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026Thinking in Pictures: A Systematic Benchmark for Reasoning-driven Image Generation
- 2026UniGRPO: Unified Policy Optimization for Reasoning-Driven Visual Generation
- 2025ThinkGen: Generalized Thinking for Visual Generation
- 2025Understanding-in-Generation: Reinforcing Generative Capability of Unified Model via Infusing Understanding into Generation
- 2026UniReason 1.0: A Unified Reasoning Framework for World Knowledge Aligned Image Generation and Editing
- 2026RS-Gen: A Multi-Stage Agentic Framework for Reasoning and Search-Augmented Image Generation
- 2025GoT-R1: Unleashing Reasoning Capability of MLLM for Visual Generation with Reinforcement Learning
- 2025Thinking-while-Generating: Interleaving Textual Reasoning throughout Visual Generation