DistillDrive: End-to-End Multi-Mode Autonomous Driving Distillation by Isomorphic Hetero-Source Planning Model
On the map: End-to-end autonomous driving → End-to-end system architecture
Abstract (arXiv)
End-to-end autonomous driving has been recently seen rapid development, exerting a profound influence on both industry and academia. However, the existing work places excessive focus on ego-vehicle status as their sole learning objectives and lacks of planning-oriented understanding, which limits the robustness of the overall decision-making prcocess. In this work, we introduce DistillDrive, an end-to-end knowledge distillation-based autonomous driving model that leverages diversified instance imitation to enhance multi-mode motion feature learning. Specifically, we employ a planning model based on structured scene representations as the teacher model, leveraging its diversified planning instances as multi-objective learning targets for the end-to-end model. Moreover, we incorporate reinforcement learning to enhance the optimization of state-to-decision mappings, while utilizing generative modeling to construct planning-oriented instances, fostering intricate interactions within the latent space. We validate our model on the nuScenes and NAVSIM datasets, achieving a 50% reduction in collision rate and a 3-point improvement in closed-loop performance compared to the baseline model. Code and model are publicly available at https://github.com/YuruiAI/DistillDrive
Key facts. Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in End-to-end system architecture, one of 9 directions in End-to-end autonomous driving. Builds on 43 of its 49 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Aug 2025.
Builds on
43 of 49 references.
Closest ancestors · 10
Same direction, newest first
- 2024NAVSIM: Data-Driven Non-Reactive Autonomous Vehicle Simulation and Benchmarking21 Jun
- 2024SparseDrive: End-to-End Autonomous Driving via Sparse Scene Representation30 May
- 2023Is Ego Status All You Need for Open-Loop End-to-End Autonomous Driving?5 Dec
- 2023DriveAdapter: Breaking the Coupling Barrier of Perception and Planning in End-to-End Autonomous Driving1 Aug
- 2023End-to-end Autonomous Driving: Challenges and Frontiers29 Jun
- 2023Rethinking the Open-Loop Evaluation of End-to-End Autonomous Driving in nuScenes17 May
- 2023Motion Planning for Autonomous Driving: The State of the Art and Future Perspectives17 Mar
- 2022ST-P3: End-to-end Vision-based Autonomous Driving via Spatial-Temporal Feature Learning15 Jul
- 2022TransFuser: Imitation with Transformer-Based Sensor Fusion for Autonomous Driving31 May
- 2021NuPlan: A closed-loop ML-based planning benchmark for autonomous vehicles22 Jun
Other references · 33
- 2016PointNet: Deep Learning on Point Sets for 3D Classification and Segmentationcited by 5,248
- 2018Soft Actor-Critic: Off-Policy Maximum Entropy Deep Reinforcement Learning with a Stochastic Actorcited by 4,885
- 2019nuScenes: A multimodal dataset for autonomous drivingcited by 4,523
- 2020Deformable DETR: Deformable Transformers for End-to-End Object Detectioncited by 3,422
- 2017CARLA: An Open Urban Driving Simulatorcited by 2,449
- 2016Asynchronous Methods for Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 2,258
- 2020Conservative Q-Learning for Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 1,809
- 2022Planning-oriented Autonomous Drivingcited by 1,087
- 2021A Minimalist Approach to Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 899
- 2023VAD: Vectorized Scene Representation for Efficient Autonomous Drivingcited by 622
- 2024DiffusionDrive: Truncated Diffusion Model for End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 334
- 2024VADv2: End-to-End Vectorized Autonomous Driving via Probabilistic Planningcited by 289
21 more
- 2018Learning to Drive in a Daycited by 273
- 2024Hydra-MDP: End-to-end Multimodal Planning with Multi-target Hydra-Distillationcited by 249
- 2024GenAD: Generative End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 225
- 2021End-to-End Urban Driving by Imitating a Reinforcement Learning Coachcited by 194
- 2018Knowledge Distillation by On-the-Fly Native Ensemblecited by 186
- 2022Sparse4D: Multi-view 3D Object Detection with Sparse Spatial-Temporal Fusioncited by 162
- 2022Model-Based Imitation Learning for Urban Drivingcited by 150
- 2025Diffusion-Based Planning for Autonomous Driving with Flexible Guidancecited by 141
- 2022Imitation Is Not Enough: Robustifying Imitation with Reinforcement Learning for Challenging Driving Scenarioscited by 129
- 2022Differentiable Raycasting for Self-supervised Occupancy Forecastingcited by 84
- 2024PLUTO: Pushing the Limit of Imitation Learning-based Planning for Autonomous Drivingcited by 84
- 2023One-for-All: Bridge the Gap Between Heterogeneous Architectures in Knowledge Distillationcited by 78
- 2018A Reinforcement Learning Based Approach for Automated Lane Change Maneuverscited by 46
- 2020Driving Behavior Modeling using Naturalistic Human Driving Data with Inverse Reinforcement Learningcited by 46
- 2022Conditional Predictive Behavior Planning with Inverse Reinforcement Learning for Human-like Autonomous Drivingcited by 34
- 2019MSD: Multi-Self-Distillation Learning via Multi-classifiers within Deep Neural Networkscited by 10
- 2024On the Road to Portability: Compressing End-to-End Motion Planner for Autonomous Drivingcited by 10
- 2024Unleashing the Potential of Mamba: Boosting a LiDAR 3D Sparse Detector by Using Cross-Model Knowledge Distillationcited by 4
- 2025Unimodal-driven Distillation in Multimodal Emotion Recognition with Dynamic Fusioncited by 4
- 2024Future Does Matter: Boosting 3D Object Detection with Temporal Motion Estimation in Point Cloud Sequencescited by 3
- 2025CA-W3D: Leveraging Context-Aware Knowledge for Weakly Supervised Monocular 3D Detectioncited by 1
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 2; 2026: 12.
14 papers.
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- 2026Driving on Registerscited by 44
- 2026EponaV2: Driving World Model with Comprehensive Future Reasoningcited by 15
- 2025ResAD: Normalized Residual Trajectory Modeling for End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 14
- 2026SafeDrive: Fine-Grained Safety Reasoning for End-to-End Driving in a Sparse Worldcited by 8
- 2026EvoDriveVLA: Evolving Driving VLA Models via Collaborative Perception-Planning Distillationcited by 3
- 2025Driving Beyond Privilege: Distilling Dense-Reward Knowledge into Sparse-Reward Policiescited by 2
- 2026Decision-Making with Lightweight Confidence-Aware Language Model for Autonomous Drivingcited by 1
- 2026GSDrive: Reinforcing Driving Policies by Multi-mode Future Trajectory Probing with 3D Gaussian Splatting Environmentcited by 0
- 2026D3-MoE:Dual Disentangled Diffusion Mixture-of-Experts for Style-Controllable End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
- 2026LUNA-AD: Lightweight Uncertainty-Aware Language Model with Lifelong Learning for Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
- 2026PlanRL: A Trajectory Planning Architecture for Reinforcement Learning-based Driving Expertscited by 0
- 2026VIPS: Vehicle-Infrastructure Cooperative Planning Benchmark via Pseudo-Simulationcited by 0
- 2026FPD-Drive: Future Policy Distillation for End-to-End Autonomous Driving9 Oct 2026
- 2026Planning in the Backbone: DiffAdapterVLA for Native Continuous Trajectory Generation with Driving VLMs14 Sep 2026
- 2026VIPS: Vehicle-Infrastructure Cooperative Planning Benchmark via Pseudo-Simulation2 Sep 2026
- 2026PlanRL: A Trajectory Planning Architecture for Reinforcement Learning-based Driving Experts25 Jun 2026
- 2026LUNA-AD: Lightweight Uncertainty-Aware Language Model with Lifelong Learning for Autonomous Driving7 Jun 2026
- 2026D3-MoE:Dual Disentangled Diffusion Mixture-of-Experts for Style-Controllable End-to-End Autonomous Driving3 Jun 2026
- 2026Decision-Making with Lightweight Confidence-Aware Language Model for Autonomous Driving25 May 2026
- 2026EponaV2: Driving World Model with Comprehensive Future Reasoning14 May 2026
- 2026GSDrive: Reinforcing Driving Policies by Multi-mode Future Trajectory Probing with 3D Gaussian Splatting Environment30 Apr 2026
- 2026EvoDriveVLA: Evolving Driving VLA Models via Collaborative Perception-Planning Distillation10 Mar 2026
- 2026SafeDrive: Fine-Grained Safety Reasoning for End-to-End Driving in a Sparse World21 Feb 2026
- 2026Driving on Registers8 Jan 2026
- 2026Driving on Registerscited by 44
- 2025ResAD: Normalized Residual Trajectory Modeling for End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 14
- 2026SafeDrive: Fine-Grained Safety Reasoning for End-to-End Driving in a Sparse Worldcited by 8
- 2026GSDrive: Reinforcing Driving Policies by Multi-mode Future Trajectory Probing with 3D Gaussian Splatting Environmentcited by 0
- 2026D3-MoE:Dual Disentangled Diffusion Mixture-of-Experts for Style-Controllable End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
- 2026PlanRL: A Trajectory Planning Architecture for Reinforcement Learning-based Driving Expertscited by 0
- 2026VIPS: Vehicle-Infrastructure Cooperative Planning Benchmark via Pseudo-Simulationcited by 0
- 2026FPD-Drive: Future Policy Distillation for End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
- 2026FPD-Drive: Future Policy Distillation for End-to-End Autonomous Driving9 Oct 2026
- 2026VIPS: Vehicle-Infrastructure Cooperative Planning Benchmark via Pseudo-Simulation2 Sep 2026
- 2026PlanRL: A Trajectory Planning Architecture for Reinforcement Learning-based Driving Experts25 Jun 2026
- 2026D3-MoE:Dual Disentangled Diffusion Mixture-of-Experts for Style-Controllable End-to-End Autonomous Driving3 Jun 2026
- 2026GSDrive: Reinforcing Driving Policies by Multi-mode Future Trajectory Probing with 3D Gaussian Splatting Environment30 Apr 2026
- 2026SafeDrive: Fine-Grained Safety Reasoning for End-to-End Driving in a Sparse World21 Feb 2026
- 2026Driving on Registers8 Jan 2026
- 2025ResAD: Normalized Residual Trajectory Modeling for End-to-End Autonomous Driving9 Oct 2025
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- 2025DiffusionDriveV2: Reinforcement Learning-Constrained Truncated Diffusion Modeling in End-to-End Autonomous Driving
- 2026Planning-Oriented End-to-End Autonomous Driving: Architectures, Evaluation, and Emerging Paradigms
- 2026A Survey on End-to-End Autonomous Driving Training from the Perspectives of Data, Strategy, and Platform
- 2026DriveZero: End-to-End Driving Beyond Human Demonstrations
- 2024From Imitation to Exploration: End-to-end Autonomous Driving based on World Model
- 2025DAP: A Discrete-token Autoregressive Planner for Autonomous Driving
- 2026Drive-KD: Multi-Teacher Distillation for VLMs in Autonomous Driving