Learning Through Retrospection: Improving Trajectory Prediction for Automated Driving with Error Feedback
On the map: End-to-end autonomous driving → End-to-end system architecture
Abstract (arXiv)
In automated driving, predicting trajectories of surrounding vehicles supports reasoning about scene dynamics and enables safe planning for the ego vehicle. However, existing models handle predictions as an instantaneous task of forecasting future trajectories based on observed information. As time proceeds, the next prediction is made independently of the previous one, which means that the model cannot correct its errors during inference and will repeat them. To alleviate this problem and better leverage temporal data, we propose a novel retrospection technique. Through training on closed-loop rollouts the model learns to use aggregated feedback. Given new observations it reflects on previous predictions and analyzes its errors to improve the quality of subsequent predictions. Thus, the model can learn to correct systematic errors during inference. Comprehensive experiments on nuScenes and Argoverse demonstrate a considerable decrease in minimum Average Displacement Error of up to 31.9% compared to the state-of-the-art baseline without retrospection. We further showcase the robustness of our technique by demonstrating a better handling of out-of-distribution scenarios with undetected road-users.
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in End-to-end system architecture, one of 9 directions in End-to-end autonomous driving. Builds on 44 of its 55 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Apr 2025.
Builds on
44 of 55 references.
Closest ancestors · 4
Same direction, newest first
- 2024Pioneering SE(2)-Equivariant Trajectory Planning for Automated Driving17 Mar
- 2023Is Ego Status All You Need for Open-Loop End-to-End Autonomous Driving?5 Dec
- 2023Rethinking the Open-Loop Evaluation of End-to-End Autonomous Driving in nuScenes17 May
- 2021NuPlan: A closed-loop ML-based planning benchmark for autonomous vehicles22 Jun
Other references · 40
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
- 2019nuScenes: A multimodal dataset for autonomous drivingcited by 4,523
- 2016End to End Learning for Self-Driving Carscited by 1,009
- 2019Argoverse: 3D Tracking and Forecasting with Rich Mapscited by 732
- 2020VectorNet: Encoding HD Maps and Agent Dynamics from Vectorized Representationcited by 530
- 2017End-to-end Driving via Conditional Imitation Learningcited by 485
- 2020Learning Lane Graph Representations for Motion Forecastingcited by 382
- 2021MOTR: End-to-End Multiple-Object Tracking with Transformercited by 381
- 2020TNT: Target-driveN Trajectory Predictioncited by 347
- 2019Exploring the Limitations of Behavior Cloning for Autonomous Drivingcited by 346
- 2021AgentFormer: Agent-Aware Transformers for Socio-Temporal Multi-Agent Forecastingcited by 331
- 2017DESIRE: Distant Future Prediction in Dynamic Scenes with Interacting Agentscited by 310
28 more
- 2021DenseTNT: End-to-end Trajectory Prediction from Dense Goal Setscited by 295
- 2018Multimodal Trajectory Predictions for Autonomous Driving using Deep Convolutional Networkscited by 289
- 2022Wayformer: Motion Forecasting via Simple & Efficient Attention Networkscited by 280
- 2019CoverNet: Multimodal Behavior Prediction using Trajectory Setscited by 259
- 2015DeepDriving: Learning Affordance for Direct Perception in Autonomous Drivingcited by 231
- 2021Multimodal Motion Prediction with Stacked Transformerscited by 208
- 2015Deep Kalman Filterscited by 166
- 2023Waymax: An Accelerated, Data-Driven Simulator for Large-Scale Autonomous Driving Researchcited by 160
- 2021IntentNet: Learning to Predict Intention from Raw Sensor Datacited by 158
- 2023MotionLM: Multi-Agent Motion Forecasting as Language Modelingcited by 156
- 2021LaneRCNN: Distributed Representations for Graph-Centric Motion Forecastingcited by 113
- 2021Multimodal Trajectory Prediction Conditioned on Lane-Graph Traversalscited by 113
- 2021THOMAS: Trajectory Heatmap Output with learned Multi-Agent Samplingcited by 101
- 2024DriveArena: A Closed-loop Generative Simulation Platform for Autonomous Drivingcited by 98
- 2021TPCN: Temporal Point Cloud Networks for Motion Forecastingcited by 94
- 2025Robust Autonomy Emerges from Self-Playcited by 67
- 2021LaPred: Lane-Aware Prediction of Multi-Modal Future Trajectories of Dynamic Agentscited by 64
- 2023Trajeglish: Traffic Modeling as Next-Token Predictioncited by 60
- 2023LAformer: Trajectory Prediction for Autonomous Driving with Lane-Aware Scene Constraintscited by 53
- 2023Leveraging Future Relationship Reasoning for Vehicle Trajectory Predictioncited by 48
- 2024Closed-Loop Supervised Fine-Tuning of Tokenized Traffic Modelscited by 40
- 2023The Integration of Prediction and Planning in Deep Learning Automated Driving Systems: A Reviewcited by 29
- 2023BAT: Behavior-Aware Human-Like Trajectory Prediction for Autonomous Drivingcited by 28
- 2024Motion Forecasting in Continuous Drivingcited by 11
- 2023Stay on Track: A Frenet Wrapper to Overcome Off-road Trajectories in Vehicle Motion Predictioncited by 10
- 2023Conditional Unscented Autoencoders for Trajectory Predictioncited by 7
- 2024Transfer Learning Study of Motion Transformer-based Trajectory Predictionscited by 5
- 2024Towards Consistent and Explainable Motion Prediction using Heterogeneous Graph Attentioncited by 3
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 3; 2026: 1.
4 papers.
- 2025When Planners Meet Reality: How Learned, Reactive Traffic Agents Shift nuPlan Benchmarkscited by 7
- 2026Natural Language Instructions for Scene-Responsive Human-in-the-Loop Motion Planning in Autonomous Driving using Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 5
- 2025Perfect Prediction or Plenty of Proposals? What Matters Most in Planning for Autonomous Drivingcited by 4
- 2025DoublyAware: Dual Planning and Policy Awareness for Temporal Difference Learning in Humanoid Locomotioncited by 1
- 2026Natural Language Instructions for Scene-Responsive Human-in-the-Loop Motion Planning in Autonomous Driving using Vision-Language-Action Models4 Feb 2026
- 2025Perfect Prediction or Plenty of Proposals? What Matters Most in Planning for Autonomous Driving17 Oct 2025
- 2025When Planners Meet Reality: How Learned, Reactive Traffic Agents Shift nuPlan Benchmarks16 Oct 2025
- 2025DoublyAware: Dual Planning and Policy Awareness for Temporal Difference Learning in Humanoid Locomotion12 Jun 2025
Similar, not cited
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- 2026TaPD: Temporal-adaptive Progressive Distillation for Observation-Adaptive Trajectory Forecasting in Autonomous Driving
- 2023Machine Learning for Autonomous Vehicle's Trajectory Prediction: A comprehensive survey, Challenges, and Future Research Directions
- 2025Fully Unified Motion Planning for End-to-End Autonomous Driving
- 2025Beyond Patterns: Harnessing Causal Logic for Autonomous Driving Trajectory Prediction
- 2026DriveVer: Lightweight Trajectory Evaluator as Test-Time Verifier for Autonomous Driving
- 2026Post-Training in End-to-End Autonomous Driving
- 2026EditWM: Event-Decomposed World Modeling with Incremental Correction for End-to-End Autonomous Driving
- 2026HorizonDrive: Self-Corrective Autoregressive World Model for Long-horizon Driving Simulation