LongLaMP: A Benchmark for Personalized Long-form Text Generation
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Abstract (arXiv)
Long-text generation is seemingly ubiquitous in real-world applications of large language models such as generating an email or writing a review. Despite the fundamental importance and prevalence of long-text generation in many practical applications, existing work on personalized generation has focused on the generation of very short text. To overcome these limitations, we study the problem of personalized long-text generation, that is, generating long-text that is personalized for a specific user while being practically useful for the vast majority of real-world applications that naturally require the generation of longer text. In this work, we demonstrate the importance of user-specific personalization for long-text generation tasks and develop the Long-text Language Model Personalization (LongLaMP) Benchmark. LongLaMP provides a comprehensive and diverse evaluation framework for personalized long-text generation. Extensive experiments on LongLaMP for zero-shot and fine-tuned language tasks demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed benchmark and its utility for developing and evaluating techniques for personalized long-text generation across a wide variety of long-text generation tasks. The results highlight the importance of personalization across a wide variety of long-text generation tasks. Finally, we release the benchmark for others to use for this important problem.
Key facts. Cited by 91 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 22 of its 37 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Jun 2024.
Builds on
22 of 37 references.
References · 22
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- 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 13,958
- 2023Lost in the Middle: How Language Models Use Long Contextscited by 3,383
- 2019The Curious Case of Neural Text Degenerationcited by 2,881
- 2016Membership Inference Attacks against Machine Learning Modelscited by 2,221
- 2018The Secret Sharer: Evaluating and Testing Unintended Memorization in Neural Networkscited by 847
- 2018Personalizing Dialogue Agents: I have a dog, do you have pets too?cited by 820
- 2023The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuningcited by 734
- 2023LaMP: When Large Language Models Meet Personalizationcited by 425
- 2017Beam Search Strategies for Neural Machine Translationcited by 232
- 2018Training Millions of Personalized Dialogue Agentscited by 126
- 2024Optimization Methods for Personalizing Large Language Models through Retrieval Augmentationcited by 98
10 more
- 2023Pearl: Personalizing Large Language Model Writing Assistants with Generation-Calibrated Retrieverscited by 91
- 2023Teach LLMs to Personalize -- An Approach inspired by Writing Educationcited by 48
- 2023Learning to Rewrite Prompts for Personalized Text Generationcited by 40
- 2024UniMS-RAG: A Unified Multi-source Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Personalized Dialogue Systemscited by 38
- 2023Unsupervised Dense Retrieval with Relevance-Aware Contrastive Pre-Trainingcited by 35
- 2021UserIdentifier: Implicit User Representations for Simple and Effective Personalized Sentiment Analysiscited by 28
- 2019Towards Controllable and Personalized Review Generationcited by 24
- 2022Learning to Transfer Prompts for Text Generationcited by 22
- 2024Personalized Text Generation with Fine-Grained Linguistic Controlcited by 20
- 2020Knowledge-Enhanced Personalized Review Generation with Capsule Graph Neural Networkcited by 14
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 7; 2025: 38; 2026: 46.
91 papers.
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- 2025Know Me, Respond to Me: Benchmarking LLMs for Dynamic User Profiling and Personalized Responses at Scalecited by 163
- 2025A Survey of Personalized Large Language Models: Progress and Future Directionscited by 65
- 2024LongGenBench: Benchmarking Long-Form Generation in Long Context LLMscited by 47
- 2025Measuring What Makes You Unique: Difference-Aware User Modeling for Enhancing LLM Personalizationcited by 44
- 2025PersonaLens: A Benchmark for Personalization Evaluation in Conversational AI Assistantscited by 44
- 2025A Survey on Personalized Alignment -- The Missing Piece for Large Language Models in Real-World Applicationscited by 40
- 2025Personalized Text Generation with Contrastive Activation Steeringcited by 30
- 2025LaMP-QA: A Benchmark for Personalized Long-form Question Answeringcited by 30
- 2024LLMs + Persona-Plug = Personalized LLMscited by 29
- 2025Think-While-Generating: On-the-Fly Reasoning for Personalized Long-Form Generationcited by 29
- 2025Reasoning-Enhanced Self-Training for Long-Form Personalized Text Generationcited by 26
- 2025ExPerT: Effective and Explainable Evaluation of Personalized Long-Form Text Generationcited by 26
38 more
- 2025A Survey of Personalization: From RAG to Agentcited by 26
- 2025A Survey on Personalized and Pluralistic Preference Alignment in Large Language Modelscited by 25
- 2024Comparing Retrieval-Augmentation and Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning for Privacy-Preserving Personalization of Large Language Modelscited by 20
- 2024Personalized Multimodal Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 19
- 2025PRIME: Large Language Model Personalization with Cognitive Dual-Memory and Personalized Thought Processcited by 16
- 2025Explicit v.s. Implicit Memory: Exploring Multi-hop Complex Reasoning Over Personalized Informationcited by 16
- 2025Instant Personalized Large Language Model Adaptation via Hypernetworkcited by 15
- 2024Personalized Image Generation with Large Multimodal Modelscited by 14
- 2024Accelerating Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 14
- 2025A Cognitive Writing Perspective for Constrained Long-Form Text Generationcited by 14
- 2025Personalized Safety in LLMs: A Benchmark and A Planning-Based Agent Approachcited by 14
- 2025SurGE: A Benchmark and Evaluation Framework for Scientific Survey Generationcited by 14
- 2026Persona2Web: Benchmarking Personalized Web Agents for Contextual Reasoning with User Historycited by 14
- 2025LongWriter-Zero: Mastering Ultra-Long Text Generation via Reinforcement Learningcited by 13
- 2025Personalized LLM Decoding via Contrasting Personal Preferencecited by 12
- 2025CoSteer: Collaborative Decoding-Time Personalization via Local Delta Steeringcited by 12
- 2025A Survey on Transformer Context Extension: Approaches and Evaluationcited by 11
- 2026VitaBench 2.0: Evaluating Personalized and Proactive Agents in Long-Term User Interactionscited by 11
- 2025Personalized Graph-Based Retrieval for Large Language Modelscited by 10
- 2026Toward Personalized LLM-Powered Agents: Foundations, Evaluation, and Future Directionscited by 10
- 2026Towards Natural Personalization: Evaluating Long-Horizon Preference Following in Personalized User-LLM Interactionscited by 8
- 2026Lost in Stories: Consistency Bugs in Long Story Generation by LLMscited by 6
- 2026SpecSteer: Synergizing Local Context and Global Reasoning for Efficient Personalized Generationcited by 6
- 2025WikiAutoGen: Towards Multi-Modal Wikipedia-Style Article Generationcited by 5
- 2025PREF: Reference-Free Evaluation of Personalised Text Generation in LLMscited by 5
- 2025Learning from Natural Language Feedback for Personalized Question Answeringcited by 5
- 2026Optimizing User Profiles via Contextual Bandits for Retrieval-Augmented LLM Personalizationcited by 5
- 2025Tuning-Free Personalized Alignment via Trial-Error-Explain In-Context Learningcited by 4
- 2025DynaKV: Enabling Accurate and Efficient Long-Sequence LLM Decoding on Smartphonescited by 4
- 2026SPRInG: Continual LLM Personalization via Selective Parametric Adaptation and Retrieval-Interpolated Generationcited by 4
- 2026ComBodied Agents: a New Paradigm of Human-Centric Agentic AIcited by 4
- 2024Persona-SQ: A Personalized Suggested Question Generation Framework For Real-world Documentscited by 3
- 2026CURP: Codebook-based Continuous User Representation for Personalized Generation with LLMscited by 3
- 2026Rethinking Personalization in Large Language Models at the Token Levelcited by 3
- 2025LaMP-Cap: Personalized Figure Caption Generation With Multimodal Figure Profilescited by 2
- 2025Evaluating Style-Personalized Text Generation: Challenges and Directionscited by 2
- 2025IPQA: A Benchmark for Core Intent Identification in Personalized Question Answeringcited by 2
- 2026CARD: Cluster-level Adaptation with Reward-guided Decoding for Personalized Text Generationcited by 2
50 most cited of 91 All 91 (JSON)
- 2026MIRROR: From Imitation to Internalization in LLM Personalization7 Oct 2026
- 2026Rubric-Aware On-Policy Self-Distillation for LLM Personalization28 Sep 2026
- 2026PairPref: When Should Memory Guide the Answer? A Benchmark for Contextual Preference Use28 Sep 2026
- 2026LogicTree-RAG: Logic Tree-guided Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Long-form Patent Drafting25 Sep 2026
- 2026Kernel-Managed Shared Memory for System-Wide Personalization9 Sep 2026
- 2026Gradient-Aligned Pair Selection for Personalized Preference Optimization4 Sep 2026
- 2026Can Activation Steering Capture Multidimensional Authorship Style?4 Sep 2026
- 2026Aplaud: Adaptive Personalized Low-Rank Decomposition for User-Specific LLM4 Sep 2026
- 2026PLUME: Parameter-Efficient Personalization of Large Language Models via Low-Rank User Modulation in Shared Subspaces4 Sep 2026
- 2026VIBE-Bench: Evaluating Personalized Large Language Models When Profiles Don't Mean Preferences1 Sep 2026
- 2026PersonalBench: Measuring the Authorship Gap in LLM Personalization20 Aug 2026
- 2026ComBodied Agents: a New Paradigm of Human-Centric Agentic AI11 Aug 2026
38 more
- 2026TRACE-Memory: Public-Conditioned Retrieval and Utility-Aware Evidence Admission for Personalized Generation9 Aug 2026
- 2026When Agents Learn to Be You: Benchmarking Privacy Leakage, Impersonation Risk, and Defenses in Persona Skills4 Aug 2026
- 2026Know It, Act on It: Investigating Memory Utilization in LLM Personalization31 Jul 2026
- 2026PrefReward: Learning User Preference Matrix for Personalized Text Generation23 Jul 2026
- 2026PersonaMem-v3: Toward Omni-Platform Personal Intelligence for Holistic User Understanding, Recommendation, and Agentic Tasks16 Jul 2026
- 2026Bounded Personas Match Retrieval on Classification but Not Regression for a Frozen Agent25 Jun 2026
- 2026Prompt-Space Meta-Learning Does Not Transfer Across Users: A Frozen-LLM Negative Result25 Jun 2026
- 2026Evaluating LLM Personalization via Semantic Constraint Verification15 Jun 2026
- 2026Expectation Alignment of Language Models for Real-World User Expectations2 Jun 2026
- 2026PersonaTrail: Benchmarking Personalized Web Agents through Browsing Trails30 May 2026
- 2026Preference-Aware Rubric Learning for Personalized Evaluation29 May 2026
- 2026ChildEval: When large language models meet children's personalities27 May 2026
- 2026VitaBench 2.0: Evaluating Personalized and Proactive Agents in Long-Term User Interactions26 May 2026
- 2026Personal Visual Context Learning in Large Multimodal Models11 May 2026
- 2026Theory-Grounded Evaluation Exposes the Authorship Gap in LLM Personalization29 Apr 2026
- 2026Sparse Personalized Text Generation with Multi-Trajectory Reasoning27 Apr 2026
- 2026Preference Heads in Large Language Models: A Mechanistic Framework for Interpretable Personalization24 Apr 2026
- 2026CoPA: Benchmarking Personalized Question Answering with Data-Informed Cognitive Factors16 Apr 2026
- 2026SpecSteer: Synergizing Local Context and Global Reasoning for Efficient Personalized Generation17 Mar 2026
- 2026Lost in Stories: Consistency Bugs in Long Story Generation by LLMs6 Mar 2026
- 2026Towards Natural Personalization: Evaluating Long-Horizon Preference Following in Personalized User-LLM Interactions4 Mar 2026
- 2026Toward Personalized LLM-Powered Agents: Foundations, Evaluation, and Future Directions26 Feb 2026
- 2026Learning to Reason for Multi-Step Retrieval of Personal Context in Personalized Question Answering22 Feb 2026
- 2026Persona2Web: Benchmarking Personalized Web Agents for Contextual Reasoning with User History19 Feb 2026
- 2026Blind to the Human Touch: Overlap Bias in LLM-Based Summary Evaluation7 Feb 2026
- 2026Rethinking Personalization in Large Language Models at the Token Level4 Feb 2026
- 2026Reasoning-Based Personalized Generation for Users with Sparse Data31 Jan 2026
- 2026CURP: Codebook-based Continuous User Representation for Personalized Generation with LLMs31 Jan 2026
- 2026Improving User Privacy in Personalized Generation: Client-Side Retrieval-Augmented Modification of Server-Side Generated Speculations24 Jan 2026
- 2026Optimizing User Profiles via Contextual Bandits for Retrieval-Augmented LLM Personalization17 Jan 2026
- 2026When Personalization Misleads: Understanding and Mitigating Hallucinations in Personalized LLMs16 Jan 2026
- 2026SPRInG: Continual LLM Personalization via Selective Parametric Adaptation and Retrieval-Interpolated Generation15 Jan 2026
- 2026Do Implicit Personalization and Explicit Styles Conflict? PsPLUG: A Lightweight Plug-in for Balancing Personalization and Style in Customized LLMs10 Jan 2026
- 2026CARD: Cluster-level Adaptation with Reward-guided Decoding for Personalized Text Generation9 Jan 2026
- 2025Think-While-Generating: On-the-Fly Reasoning for Personalized Long-Form Generation7 Dec 2025
- 2025POLIS-Bench: Towards Multi-Dimensional Evaluation of LLMs for Bilingual Policy Tasks in Governmental Scenarios4 Nov 2025
- 2025Iterative Critique-Refine Framework for Enhancing LLM Personalization28 Oct 2025
- 2025IPQA: A Benchmark for Core Intent Identification in Personalized Question Answering27 Oct 2025
50 newest of 91 All 91 (JSON)
- 2025Think-While-Generating: On-the-Fly Reasoning for Personalized Long-Form Generationcited by 29
- 2025Reasoning-Enhanced Self-Training for Long-Form Personalized Text Generationcited by 26
- 2025PRIME: Large Language Model Personalization with Cognitive Dual-Memory and Personalized Thought Processcited by 16
- 2025Explicit v.s. Implicit Memory: Exploring Multi-hop Complex Reasoning Over Personalized Informationcited by 16
- 2026Persona2Web: Benchmarking Personalized Web Agents for Contextual Reasoning with User Historycited by 14
- 2026SpecSteer: Synergizing Local Context and Global Reasoning for Efficient Personalized Generationcited by 6
- 2026Rethinking Personalization in Large Language Models at the Token Levelcited by 3
- 2026Learning to Reason for Multi-Step Retrieval of Personal Context in Personalized Question Answeringcited by 2
- 2026Reasoning-Based Personalized Generation for Users with Sparse Datacited by 1
- 2026Sparse Personalized Text Generation with Multi-Trajectory Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026Sparse Personalized Text Generation with Multi-Trajectory Reasoning27 Apr 2026
- 2026SpecSteer: Synergizing Local Context and Global Reasoning for Efficient Personalized Generation17 Mar 2026
- 2026Learning to Reason for Multi-Step Retrieval of Personal Context in Personalized Question Answering22 Feb 2026
- 2026Persona2Web: Benchmarking Personalized Web Agents for Contextual Reasoning with User History19 Feb 2026
- 2026Rethinking Personalization in Large Language Models at the Token Level4 Feb 2026
- 2026Reasoning-Based Personalized Generation for Users with Sparse Data31 Jan 2026
- 2025Think-While-Generating: On-the-Fly Reasoning for Personalized Long-Form Generation7 Dec 2025
- 2025Explicit v.s. Implicit Memory: Exploring Multi-hop Complex Reasoning Over Personalized Information18 Aug 2025
- 2025PRIME: Large Language Model Personalization with Cognitive Dual-Memory and Personalized Thought Process7 Jul 2025
- 2025Reasoning-Enhanced Self-Training for Long-Form Personalized Text Generation7 Jan 2025
- 2025A Survey on Personalized Alignment -- The Missing Piece for Large Language Models in Real-World Applicationscited by 40
- 2025A Survey on Personalized and Pluralistic Preference Alignment in Large Language Modelscited by 25
- 2025Personalized LLM Decoding via Contrasting Personal Preferencecited by 12
- 2026CARD: Cluster-level Adaptation with Reward-guided Decoding for Personalized Text Generationcited by 2
- 2026Preference-Aware Rubric Learning for Personalized Evaluationcited by 2
- 2026Expectation Alignment of Language Models for Real-World User Expectationscited by 0
- 2026PrefReward: Learning User Preference Matrix for Personalized Text Generationcited by 0
- 2026VIBE-Bench: Evaluating Personalized Large Language Models When Profiles Don't Mean Preferencescited by 0
- 2026VIBE-Bench: Evaluating Personalized Large Language Models When Profiles Don't Mean Preferences1 Sep 2026
- 2026PrefReward: Learning User Preference Matrix for Personalized Text Generation23 Jul 2026
- 2026Expectation Alignment of Language Models for Real-World User Expectations2 Jun 2026
- 2026Preference-Aware Rubric Learning for Personalized Evaluation29 May 2026
- 2026CARD: Cluster-level Adaptation with Reward-guided Decoding for Personalized Text Generation9 Jan 2026
- 2025Personalized LLM Decoding via Contrasting Personal Preference13 Jun 2025
- 2025A Survey on Personalized and Pluralistic Preference Alignment in Large Language Models9 Apr 2025
- 2025A Survey on Personalized Alignment -- The Missing Piece for Large Language Models in Real-World Applications21 Mar 2025
- 2025Personalized Safety in LLMs: A Benchmark and A Planning-Based Agent Approachcited by 14
- 2026VitaBench 2.0: Evaluating Personalized and Proactive Agents in Long-Term User Interactionscited by 11
- 2026Toward Personalized LLM-Powered Agents: Foundations, Evaluation, and Future Directionscited by 10
- 2026ComBodied Agents: a New Paradigm of Human-Centric Agentic AIcited by 4
- 2026PersonaTrail: Benchmarking Personalized Web Agents through Browsing Trailscited by 0
- 2026PersonaMem-v3: Toward Omni-Platform Personal Intelligence for Holistic User Understanding, Recommendation, and Agentic Taskscited by 0
- 2026ComBodied Agents: a New Paradigm of Human-Centric Agentic AI11 Aug 2026
- 2026PersonaMem-v3: Toward Omni-Platform Personal Intelligence for Holistic User Understanding, Recommendation, and Agentic Tasks16 Jul 2026
- 2026PersonaTrail: Benchmarking Personalized Web Agents through Browsing Trails30 May 2026
- 2026VitaBench 2.0: Evaluating Personalized and Proactive Agents in Long-Term User Interactions26 May 2026
- 2026Toward Personalized LLM-Powered Agents: Foundations, Evaluation, and Future Directions26 Feb 2026
- 2025Personalized Safety in LLMs: A Benchmark and A Planning-Based Agent Approach24 May 2025
- 2025A Survey of Personalization: From RAG to Agentcited by 26
- 2024Accelerating Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 14
- 2026Optimizing User Profiles via Contextual Bandits for Retrieval-Augmented LLM Personalizationcited by 5
- 2026Improving User Privacy in Personalized Generation: Client-Side Retrieval-Augmented Modification of Server-Side Generated Speculationscited by 0
- 2026LogicTree-RAG: Logic Tree-guided Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Long-form Patent Draftingcited by 0
- 2026LogicTree-RAG: Logic Tree-guided Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Long-form Patent Drafting25 Sep 2026
- 2026Improving User Privacy in Personalized Generation: Client-Side Retrieval-Augmented Modification of Server-Side Generated Speculations24 Jan 2026
- 2026Optimizing User Profiles via Contextual Bandits for Retrieval-Augmented LLM Personalization17 Jan 2026
- 2025A Survey of Personalization: From RAG to Agent14 Apr 2025
- 2024Accelerating Retrieval-Augmented Generation14 Dec 2024
- 2024Personalized Multimodal Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 19
- 2024Personalized Image Generation with Large Multimodal Modelscited by 14
- 2026Personal Visual Context Learning in Large Multimodal Modelscited by 2
- 2026Personal Visual Context Learning in Large Multimodal Models11 May 2026
- 2024Personalized Multimodal Large Language Models: A Survey3 Dec 2024
- 2024Personalized Image Generation with Large Multimodal Models18 Oct 2024
- 2025Know Me, Respond to Me: Benchmarking LLMs for Dynamic User Profiling and Personalized Responses at Scalecited by 163
- 2025A Survey of Personalized Large Language Models: Progress and Future Directionscited by 65
- 2024LongGenBench: Benchmarking Long-Form Generation in Long Context LLMscited by 47
- 2025Measuring What Makes You Unique: Difference-Aware User Modeling for Enhancing LLM Personalizationcited by 44
- 2025PersonaLens: A Benchmark for Personalization Evaluation in Conversational AI Assistantscited by 44
- 2025Personalized Text Generation with Contrastive Activation Steeringcited by 30
- 2025LaMP-QA: A Benchmark for Personalized Long-form Question Answeringcited by 30
- 2024LLMs + Persona-Plug = Personalized LLMscited by 29
- 2025ExPerT: Effective and Explainable Evaluation of Personalized Long-Form Text Generationcited by 26
- 2024Comparing Retrieval-Augmentation and Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning for Privacy-Preserving Personalization of Large Language Modelscited by 20
- 2025Instant Personalized Large Language Model Adaptation via Hypernetworkcited by 15
- 2025A Cognitive Writing Perspective for Constrained Long-Form Text Generationcited by 14
12 most cited of 58 All 58 (JSON)
- 2026MIRROR: From Imitation to Internalization in LLM Personalization7 Oct 2026
- 2026Rubric-Aware On-Policy Self-Distillation for LLM Personalization28 Sep 2026
- 2026PairPref: When Should Memory Guide the Answer? A Benchmark for Contextual Preference Use28 Sep 2026
- 2026Kernel-Managed Shared Memory for System-Wide Personalization9 Sep 2026
- 2026Gradient-Aligned Pair Selection for Personalized Preference Optimization4 Sep 2026
- 2026Can Activation Steering Capture Multidimensional Authorship Style?4 Sep 2026
- 2026Aplaud: Adaptive Personalized Low-Rank Decomposition for User-Specific LLM4 Sep 2026
- 2026PLUME: Parameter-Efficient Personalization of Large Language Models via Low-Rank User Modulation in Shared Subspaces4 Sep 2026
- 2026PersonalBench: Measuring the Authorship Gap in LLM Personalization20 Aug 2026
- 2026TRACE-Memory: Public-Conditioned Retrieval and Utility-Aware Evidence Admission for Personalized Generation9 Aug 2026
- 2026When Agents Learn to Be You: Benchmarking Privacy Leakage, Impersonation Risk, and Defenses in Persona Skills4 Aug 2026
- 2026Know It, Act on It: Investigating Memory Utilization in LLM Personalization31 Jul 2026
12 newest of 58 All 58 (JSON)