mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

The Effects of Embodiment and Personality Expression on Learning in LLM-based Educational Agents

arXiv 2407.10993 ↗First posted 24 Jun 2024cs.CL cs.GRcited by 13

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Social simulation and multi-agent debate

Abstract (arXiv)

This work investigates how personality expression and embodiment affect personality perception and learning in educational conversational agents. We extend an existing personality-driven conversational agent framework by integrating LLM-based conversation support tailored to an educational application. We describe a user study built on this system to evaluate two distinct personality styles: high extroversion and agreeableness and low extroversion and agreeableness. For each personality style, we assess three models: (1) a dialogue-only model that conveys personality through dialogue, (2) an animated human model that expresses personality solely through dialogue, and (3) an animated human model that expresses personality through both dialogue and body and facial animations. The results indicate that all models are positively perceived regarding both personality and learning outcomes. Models with high personality traits are perceived as more engaging than those with low personality traits. We provide a comprehensive quantitative and qualitative analysis of perceived personality traits, learning parameters, and user experiences based on participant ratings of the model types and personality styles, as well as users' responses to open-ended questions.

Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Social simulation and multi-agent debate, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 14 of its 129 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Jun 2024.

Builds on

14 of 129 references.

Closest ancestors · 1

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023On the Effectiveness of Creating Conversational Agent Personalities Through Prompting17 Oct

Other references · 13

  1. 2023Personality Traits in Large Language Modelscited by 166
  2. 2023Chat-3D: Data-efficiently Tuning Large Language Model for Universal Dialogue of 3D Scenescited by 125
  3. 2023A Comprehensive Review of Data-Driven Co-Speech Gesture Generationcited by 66
  4. 2021Speech2AffectiveGestures: Synthesizing Co-Speech Gestures with Generative Adversarial Affective Expression Learningcited by 58
  5. 2021Speech Drives Templates: Co-Speech Gesture Synthesis with Learned Templatescited by 57
  6. 2022Estimating the Personality of White-Box Language Modelscited by 47
  7. 2024From LLM to Conversational Agent: A Memory Enhanced Architecture with Fine-Tuning of Large Language Modelscited by 42
  8. 2018Investigating Audio, Visual, and Text Fusion Methods for End-to-End Automatic Personality Predictioncited by 22
  9. 2023Revisiting the Reliability of Psychological Scales on Large Language Modelscited by 16
  10. 2023Story-to-Motion: Synthesizing Infinite and Controllable Character Animation from Long Textcited by 15
  11. 2021SGToolkit: An Interactive Gesture Authoring Toolkit for Embodied Conversational Agentscited by 11
  12. 2024From Words to Worlds: Transforming One-line Prompt into Immersive Multi-modal Digital Stories with Communicative LLM Agentcited by 4
1 more
  1. 2024Personality Perception in Human Videos Altered by Motion Transfer Networkscited by 1

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 8; 2026: 1.

13 papers.

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  1. 2025LLM Agents for Education: Advances and Applicationscited by 59
  2. 2024Mutual Theory of Mind in Human-AI Collaboration: An Empirical Study with LLM-driven AI Agents in a Real-time Shared Workspace Taskcited by 17
  3. 2024LMLPA: Language Model Linguistic Personality Assessmentcited by 15
  4. 2025DeceptionBench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for AI Deception Behaviors in Real-world Scenarioscited by 14
  5. 2025Humanizing LLMs: A Survey of Psychological Measurements with Tools, Datasets, and Human-Agent Applicationscited by 10
  6. 2024ELLMA-T: an Embodied LLM-agent for Supporting English Language Learning in Social VRcited by 8
  7. 2024The influence of persona and conversational task on social interactions with a LLM-controlled embodied conversational agentcited by 7
  8. 2025Position: LLMs Can be Good Tutors in English Educationcited by 6
  9. 2026PERSA: Reinforcement Learning for Professor-Style Personalized Feedback with LLMscited by 3
  10. 2025Integrating Personality into Digital Humans: A Review of LLM-Driven Approaches for Virtual Realitycited by 2
  11. 2025Teaching According to Students' Aptitude: Personalized Mathematics Tutoring via Persona-, Memory-, and Forgetting-Aware LLMscited by 2
  12. 2025Promoting Online Safety by Simulating Unsafe Conversations with LLMscited by 0
1 more
  1. 2025When Avatars Have Personality: Effects on Engagement and Communication in Immersive Medical Trainingcited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026Behavior-Adaptive Conversational Agents: Toward a Fluid Personality Framework
  2. 2025Vibe Check: Understanding the Effects of LLM-Based Conversational Agents' Personality and Alignment on User Perceptions in Goal-Oriented Tasks
  3. 2026Personality, Role, and Expressive Style in Large Language Models: An Interactionist Analysis
  4. 2026Personality Expression Across Contexts: Linguistic and Behavioral Variation in LLM Agents
  5. 2024Open Models, Closed Minds? On Agents Capabilities in Mimicking Human Personalities through Open Large Language Models
  6. 2024When LLMs Learn to be Students: The SOEI Framework for Modeling and Evaluating Virtual Student Agents in Educational Interaction
  7. 2026Do Personality-Tuned LLMs Make Better Social Agents?
  8. 2025To Embody or Not: The Effect Of Embodiment On User Perception Of LLM-based Conversational Agents