fVDB: A Deep-Learning Framework for Sparse, Large-Scale, and High-Performance Spatial Intelligence
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Abstract (arXiv)
We present fVDB, a novel GPU-optimized framework for deep learning on large-scale 3D data. fVDB provides a complete set of differentiable primitives to build deep learning architectures for common tasks in 3D learning such as convolution, pooling, attention, ray-tracing, meshing, etc. fVDB simultaneously provides a much larger feature set (primitives and operators) than established frameworks with no loss in efficiency: our operators match or exceed the performance of other frameworks with narrower scope. Furthermore, fVDB can process datasets with much larger footprint and spatial resolution than prior works, while providing a competitive memory footprint on small inputs. To achieve this combination of versatility and performance, fVDB relies on a single novel VDB index grid acceleration structure paired with several key innovations including GPU accelerated sparse grid construction, convolution using tensorcores, fast ray tracing kernels using a Hierarchical Digital Differential Analyzer algorithm (HDDA), and jagged tensors. Our framework is fully integrated with PyTorch enabling interoperability with existing pipelines, and we demonstrate its effectiveness on a number of representative tasks such as large-scale point-cloud segmentation, high resolution 3D generative modeling, unbounded scale Neural Radiance Fields, and large-scale point cloud reconstruction.
Key facts. Cited by 23 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 15 of its 36 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 1 Jul 2024.
Builds on
15 of 36 references.
References · 15
- 2019PyTorch: An Imperative Style, High-Performance Deep Learning Librarycited by 20,160
- 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,141
- 2017PointNet++: Deep Hierarchical Feature Learning on Point Sets in a Metric Spacecited by 4,384
- 2022Instant Neural Graphics Primitives with a Multiresolution Hash Encodingcited by 3,698
- 2022FlashAttention: Fast and Memory-Efficient Exact Attention with IO-Awarenesscited by 3,611
- 2019Scalability in Perception for Autonomous Driving: Waymo Open Datasetcited by 2,436
- 2021Mip-NeRF 360: Unbounded Anti-Aliased Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 2,013
- 2020Point Transformercited by 1,462
- 20194D Spatio-Temporal ConvNets: Minkowski Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 1,201
- 2019PV-RCNN: Point-Voxel Feature Set Abstraction for 3D Object Detectioncited by 890
- 2022BEVFusion: Multi-Task Multi-Sensor Fusion with Unified Bird's-Eye View Representationcited by 844
- 2020Accelerating 3D Deep Learning with PyTorch3Dcited by 781
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 7; 2025: 10; 2026: 6.
23 papers.
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- 2025Native and Compact Structured Latents for 3D Generationcited by 157
- 2024Dora: Sampling and Benchmarking for 3D Shape Variational Auto-Encoderscited by 93
- 2024SCube: Instant Large-Scale Scene Reconstruction using VoxSplatscited by 56
- 2024InfiniCube: Unbounded and Controllable Dynamic 3D Driving Scene Generation with World-Guided Video Modelscited by 53
- 2024STORM: Spatio-Temporal Reconstruction Model for Large-Scale Outdoor Scenescited by 53
- 2024Feed-Forward Bullet-Time Reconstruction of Dynamic Scenes from Monocular Videoscited by 48
- 2026Lyra 2.0: Explorable Generative 3D Worldscited by 36
- 2024Sparse Voxels Rasterization: Real-time High-fidelity Radiance Field Renderingcited by 35
- 2025ZeroGrasp: Zero-Shot Shape Reconstruction Enabled Robotic Graspingcited by 13
- 2025EarthCrafter: Scalable 3D Earth Generation via Dual-Sparse Latent Diffusioncited by 6
- 2025ShapeShifter: 3D Variations Using Multiscale and Sparse Point-Voxel Diffusioncited by 3
- 2025Benchmarking Convolutional Neural Network and Graph Neural Network based Surrogate Models on a Real-World Car External Aerodynamics Datasetcited by 3
11 more
- 2026Gabor Fields: Orientation-Selective Level-of-Detail for Volume Renderingcited by 2
- 2025DynamicTree: Interactive Real Tree Animation via Sparse Voxel Spectrumcited by 1
- 2026GraspFoM: Towards Reconstruction-Driven Robotic Grasping with 3D Foundation Priorscited by 1
- 2024ArchComplete: Autoregressive 3D Architectural Design Generation with Hierarchical Diffusion-Based Upsamplingcited by 0
- 2025PMRT: A Training Recipe for Fast, 3D High-Resolution Aerodynamic Predictioncited by 0
- 2025PointCNN++: Performant Convolution on Native Pointscited by 0
- 2025SLIM-VDB: A Real-Time 3D Probabilistic Semantic Mapping Frameworkcited by 0
- 2025XGrid-Mapping: Explicit Implicit Hybrid Grid Submaps for Efficient Incremental Neural LiDAR Mappingcited by 0
- 2026Seen2Scene: Completing Realistic 3D Scenes with Visibility-Guided Flowcited by 0
- 2026AnyScene: Towards Highly Controllable Driving Scene Generation at Anywhere and Beyondcited by 0
- 2026A Scalable PyTorch Abstraction for Multi-GPU Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
- 2026A Scalable PyTorch Abstraction for Multi-GPU Gaussian Splatting9 Jun 2026
- 2026GraspFoM: Towards Reconstruction-Driven Robotic Grasping with 3D Foundation Priors7 Jun 2026
- 2026AnyScene: Towards Highly Controllable Driving Scene Generation at Anywhere and Beyond25 May 2026
- 2026Lyra 2.0: Explorable Generative 3D Worlds14 Apr 2026
- 2026Seen2Scene: Completing Realistic 3D Scenes with Visibility-Guided Flow30 Mar 2026
- 2026Gabor Fields: Orientation-Selective Level-of-Detail for Volume Rendering4 Feb 2026
- 2025XGrid-Mapping: Explicit Implicit Hybrid Grid Submaps for Efficient Incremental Neural LiDAR Mapping24 Dec 2025
- 2025Native and Compact Structured Latents for 3D Generation16 Dec 2025
- 2025SLIM-VDB: A Real-Time 3D Probabilistic Semantic Mapping Framework15 Dec 2025
- 2025PointCNN++: Performant Convolution on Native Points28 Nov 2025
- 2025DynamicTree: Interactive Real Tree Animation via Sparse Voxel Spectrum25 Oct 2025
- 2025PMRT: A Training Recipe for Fast, 3D High-Resolution Aerodynamic Prediction21 Sep 2025
11 more
- 2025EarthCrafter: Scalable 3D Earth Generation via Dual-Sparse Latent Diffusion22 Jul 2025
- 2025ZeroGrasp: Zero-Shot Shape Reconstruction Enabled Robotic Grasping15 Apr 2025
- 2025Benchmarking Convolutional Neural Network and Graph Neural Network based Surrogate Models on a Real-World Car External Aerodynamics Dataset9 Apr 2025
- 2025ShapeShifter: 3D Variations Using Multiscale and Sparse Point-Voxel Diffusion4 Feb 2025
- 2024STORM: Spatio-Temporal Reconstruction Model for Large-Scale Outdoor Scenes31 Dec 2024
- 2024ArchComplete: Autoregressive 3D Architectural Design Generation with Hierarchical Diffusion-Based Upsampling23 Dec 2024
- 2024Dora: Sampling and Benchmarking for 3D Shape Variational Auto-Encoders23 Dec 2024
- 2024Sparse Voxels Rasterization: Real-time High-fidelity Radiance Field Rendering5 Dec 2024
- 2024InfiniCube: Unbounded and Controllable Dynamic 3D Driving Scene Generation with World-Guided Video Models5 Dec 2024
- 2024Feed-Forward Bullet-Time Reconstruction of Dynamic Scenes from Monocular Videos4 Dec 2024
- 2024SCube: Instant Large-Scale Scene Reconstruction using VoxSplats26 Oct 2024
- 2024Dora: Sampling and Benchmarking for 3D Shape Variational Auto-Encoderscited by 93
- 2024SCube: Instant Large-Scale Scene Reconstruction using VoxSplatscited by 56
- 2025EarthCrafter: Scalable 3D Earth Generation via Dual-Sparse Latent Diffusioncited by 6
- 2026Seen2Scene: Completing Realistic 3D Scenes with Visibility-Guided Flowcited by 0
- 2026Seen2Scene: Completing Realistic 3D Scenes with Visibility-Guided Flow30 Mar 2026
- 2025EarthCrafter: Scalable 3D Earth Generation via Dual-Sparse Latent Diffusion22 Jul 2025
- 2024Dora: Sampling and Benchmarking for 3D Shape Variational Auto-Encoders23 Dec 2024
- 2024SCube: Instant Large-Scale Scene Reconstruction using VoxSplats26 Oct 2024
- 2025Native and Compact Structured Latents for 3D Generationcited by 157
- 2024STORM: Spatio-Temporal Reconstruction Model for Large-Scale Outdoor Scenescited by 53
- 2024Feed-Forward Bullet-Time Reconstruction of Dynamic Scenes from Monocular Videoscited by 48
- 2026Lyra 2.0: Explorable Generative 3D Worldscited by 36
- 2024Sparse Voxels Rasterization: Real-time High-fidelity Radiance Field Renderingcited by 35
- 2025ZeroGrasp: Zero-Shot Shape Reconstruction Enabled Robotic Graspingcited by 13
- 2025ShapeShifter: 3D Variations Using Multiscale and Sparse Point-Voxel Diffusioncited by 3
- 2025Benchmarking Convolutional Neural Network and Graph Neural Network based Surrogate Models on a Real-World Car External Aerodynamics Datasetcited by 3
- 2026Gabor Fields: Orientation-Selective Level-of-Detail for Volume Renderingcited by 2
- 2025DynamicTree: Interactive Real Tree Animation via Sparse Voxel Spectrumcited by 1
- 2026GraspFoM: Towards Reconstruction-Driven Robotic Grasping with 3D Foundation Priorscited by 1
- 2024ArchComplete: Autoregressive 3D Architectural Design Generation with Hierarchical Diffusion-Based Upsamplingcited by 0
12 most cited of 17 All 17 (JSON)
- 2026A Scalable PyTorch Abstraction for Multi-GPU Gaussian Splatting9 Jun 2026
- 2026GraspFoM: Towards Reconstruction-Driven Robotic Grasping with 3D Foundation Priors7 Jun 2026
- 2026Lyra 2.0: Explorable Generative 3D Worlds14 Apr 2026
- 2026Gabor Fields: Orientation-Selective Level-of-Detail for Volume Rendering4 Feb 2026
- 2025XGrid-Mapping: Explicit Implicit Hybrid Grid Submaps for Efficient Incremental Neural LiDAR Mapping24 Dec 2025
- 2025Native and Compact Structured Latents for 3D Generation16 Dec 2025
- 2025SLIM-VDB: A Real-Time 3D Probabilistic Semantic Mapping Framework15 Dec 2025
- 2025PointCNN++: Performant Convolution on Native Points28 Nov 2025
- 2025DynamicTree: Interactive Real Tree Animation via Sparse Voxel Spectrum25 Oct 2025
- 2025PMRT: A Training Recipe for Fast, 3D High-Resolution Aerodynamic Prediction21 Sep 2025
- 2025ZeroGrasp: Zero-Shot Shape Reconstruction Enabled Robotic Grasping15 Apr 2025
- 2025Benchmarking Convolutional Neural Network and Graph Neural Network based Surrogate Models on a Real-World Car External Aerodynamics Dataset9 Apr 2025
12 newest of 17 All 17 (JSON)