mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Agent3D-Zero: An Agent for Zero-shot 3D Understanding

arXiv 2403.11835 ↗First posted 18 Mar 2024cs.CVcited by 29

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Multimodal and embodied agents

Abstract (arXiv)

The ability to understand and reason the 3D real world is a crucial milestone towards artificial general intelligence. The current common practice is to finetune Large Language Models (LLMs) with 3D data and texts to enable 3D understanding. Despite their effectiveness, these approaches are inherently limited by the scale and diversity of the available 3D data. Alternatively, in this work, we introduce Agent3D-Zero, an innovative 3D-aware agent framework addressing the 3D scene understanding in a zero-shot manner. The essence of our approach centers on reconceptualizing the challenge of 3D scene perception as a process of understanding and synthesizing insights from multiple images, inspired by how our human beings attempt to understand 3D scenes. By consolidating this idea, we propose a novel way to make use of a Large Visual Language Model (VLM) via actively selecting and analyzing a series of viewpoints for 3D understanding. Specifically, given an input 3D scene, Agent3D-Zero first processes a bird's-eye view image with custom-designed visual prompts, then iteratively chooses the next viewpoints to observe and summarize the underlying knowledge. A distinctive advantage of Agent3D-Zero is the introduction of novel visual prompts, which significantly unleash the VLMs' ability to identify the most informative viewpoints and thus facilitate observing 3D scenes. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework in understanding diverse and previously unseen 3D environments.

Key facts. Cited by 29 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal and embodied agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 34 of its 47 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Mar 2024.

Builds on

34 of 47 references.

References · 34

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22 more
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Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 7; 2025: 14; 2026: 8.

29 papers.

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  1. 2025GPT4Scene: Understand 3D Scenes from Videos with Vision-Language Modelscited by 106
  2. 2024LayoutVLM: Differentiable Optimization of 3D Layout via Vision-Language Modelscited by 94
  3. 20253D-LLaVA: Towards Generalist 3D LMMs with Omni Superpoint Transformercited by 67
  4. 2024SeeGround: See and Ground for Zero-Shot Open-Vocabulary 3D Visual Groundingcited by 66
  5. 2024VLM-Grounder: A VLM Agent for Zero-Shot 3D Visual Groundingcited by 56
  6. 2024Visual Prompting in Multimodal Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 52
  7. 2025UAVs Meet LLMs: Overviews and Perspectives Toward Agentic Low-Altitude Mobilitycited by 48
  8. 2025Spatial Understanding from Videos: Structured Prompts Meet Simulation Datacited by 28
  9. 2025Spatial Reasoning in Multimodal Large Language Models: A Survey of Tasks, Benchmarks and Methodscited by 22
  10. 2024Space3D-Bench: Spatial 3D Question Answering Benchmarkcited by 17
  11. 2025IR3D-Bench: Evaluating Vision-Language Model Scene Understanding as Agentic Inverse Renderingcited by 17
  12. 2024ROOT: VLM based System for Indoor Scene Understanding and Beyondcited by 6
17 more
  1. 2024TransAgent: Transfer Vision-Language Foundation Models with Heterogeneous Agent Collaborationcited by 5
  2. 2025A Review of 3D Object Detection with Vision-Language Modelscited by 4
  3. 2025Warehouse Spatial Question Answering with LLM Agentcited by 3
  4. 2025GRAID: Enhancing Spatial Reasoning of VLMs Through High-Fidelity Data Generationcited by 3
  5. 2026HIMM: Human-Inspired Long-Term Memory Modeling for Embodied Exploration and Question Answeringcited by 3
  6. 2025GraspCoT: Integrating Physical Property Reasoning for 6-DoF Grasping under Flexible Language Instructionscited by 2
  7. 2025Zero-Shot 3D Visual Grounding from Vision-Language Modelscited by 2
  8. 2025TinyGiantVLM: A Lightweight Vision-Language Architecture for Spatial Reasoning under Resource Constraintscited by 0
  9. 2025Large Language Models and 3D Vision for Intelligent Robotic Perception and Autonomycited by 0
  10. 2025Scenes as Tokens: Multi-Scale Normal Distributions Transform Tokenizer for General 3D Vision-Language Understandingcited by 0
  11. 2026Think, Act, Build: An Agentic Framework with Vision Language Models for Zero-Shot 3D Visual Groundingcited by 0
  12. 2026Probing Collision Grounding in Vision-Language Models for Safe Human-Robot Collaborationcited by 0
  13. 2026Zero-Shot 3D Question Answering via Hierarchical View-to-Token Transportationcited by 0
  14. 2026Agentic Collaborative Cognition for Zero-Shot 3D Understandingcited by 0
  15. 2026Memory Tree Guided Key Frame Querying for Efficient 3D Question Answeringcited by 0
  16. 2026CoVeR: Coverage-Based Token Pruning for Multi-View 3D Reasoning in VLMscited by 0
  17. 2026CitySTAR: Structured and Topology-Aware Reasoning for Open-Vocabulary Urban 3D Groundingcited by 0

Similar, not cited

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  1. 2026MAG-3D: Multi-Agent Grounded Reasoning for 3D Understanding
  2. 2026Flame3D: Zero-shot Compositional Reasoning of 3D Scenes with Agentic Language Models
  3. 2022Semantic Abstraction: Open-World 3D Scene Understanding from 2D Vision-Language Models
  4. 2025Embodied Intelligence for 3D Understanding: A Survey on 3D Scene Question Answering
  5. 20263DHarnessBench: Probing Agentic 3D-to-Code Capabilities of Frontier Vision-Language Models
  6. 20253D-R1: Enhancing Reasoning in 3D VLMs for Unified Scene Understanding
  7. 2025ZING-3D: Zero-shot Incremental 3D Scene Graphs via Vision-Language Models
  8. 2026RieMind: Geometry-Grounded Spatial Agent for Scene Understanding