mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

HIMM: Human-Inspired Long-Term Memory Modeling for Embodied Exploration and Question Answering

arXiv 2602.15513 ↗First posted 17 Feb 2026cs.RO cs.AIcited by 3

On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → Embodied and 3D vision-language models

Abstract (arXiv)

Deploying Multimodal Large Language Models as the brain of embodied agents remains challenging, particularly under long-horizon observations and limited context budgets. Existing memory assisted methods often rely on textual summaries, which discard rich visual and spatial details and remain brittle in non-stationary environments. In this work, we propose a non-parametric memory framework that explicitly disentangles episodic and semantic memory for embodied exploration and question answering. Our retrieval-first, reasoning-assisted paradigm recalls episodic experiences via semantic similarity and verifies them through visual reasoning, enabling robust reuse of past observations without rigid geometric alignment. In parallel, we introduce a program-style rule extraction mechanism that converts experiences into structured, reusable semantic memory, facilitating cross-environment generalization. Extensive experiments demonstrate state-of-the-art performance on embodied question answering and exploration benchmarks, yielding a 7.3% gain in LLM-Match and an 11.4% gain in LLM MatchXSPL on A-EQA, as well as +7.7% success rate and +6.8% SPL on GOAT-Bench. Analyses reveal that our episodic memory primarily improves exploration efficiency, while semantic memory strengthens complex reasoning of embodied agents.

Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Embodied and 3D vision-language models, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 32 of its 37 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Feb 2026.

Builds on

32 of 37 references.

References · 32

  1. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
  2. 2019Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networkscited by 9,049
  3. 2023Segment Anythingcited by 8,158
  4. 2021Habitat-Matterport 3D Dataset (HM3D): 1000 Large-scale 3D Environments for Embodied AIcited by 579
  5. 2023ConceptGraphs: Open-Vocabulary 3D Scene Graphs for Perception and Planningcited by 357
  6. 2017Embodied Question Answeringcited by 335
  7. 2023Habitat 3.0: A Co-Habitat for Humans, Avatars and Robotscited by 220
  8. 2024Hierarchical Open-Vocabulary 3D Scene Graphs for Language-Grounded Robot Navigationcited by 195
  9. 2024GOAT-Bench: A Benchmark for Multi-Modal Lifelong Navigationcited by 93
  10. 2024Explore until Confident: Efficient Exploration for Embodied Question Answeringcited by 74
  11. 20243D-Mem: 3D Scene Memory for Embodied Exploration and Reasoningcited by 73
  12. 2024ReMEmbR: Building and Reasoning Over Long-Horizon Spatio-Temporal Memory for Robot Navigationcited by 67
20 more
  1. 2025Move to Understand a 3D Scene: Bridging Visual Grounding and Exploration for Efficient and Versatile Embodied Navigationcited by 50
  2. 2025MindJourney: Test-Time Scaling with World Models for Spatial Reasoningcited by 49
  3. 2024Dynamic Open-Vocabulary 3D Scene Graphs for Long-term Language-Guided Mobile Manipulationcited by 38
  4. 2024GraphEQA: Using 3D Semantic Scene Graphs for Real-time Embodied Question Answeringcited by 37
  5. 2024CogNav: Cognitive Process Modeling for Object Goal Navigation with LLMscited by 32
  6. 2025MemVerse: Multimodal Memory for Lifelong Learning Agentscited by 31
  7. 2024Agent3D-Zero: An Agent for Zero-shot 3D Understandingcited by 29
  8. 2025Beyond the Destination: A Novel Benchmark for Exploration-Aware Embodied Question Answeringcited by 29
  9. 2025CorrectNav: Self-Correction Flywheel Empowers Vision-Language-Action Navigation Modelcited by 26
  10. 2025ArcMemo: Abstract Reasoning Composition with Lifelong LLM Memorycited by 22
  11. 2025Dynam3D: Dynamic Layered 3D Tokens Empower VLM for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 21
  12. 2025BeliefMapNav: 3D Voxel-Based Belief Map for Zero-Shot Object Navigationcited by 18
  13. 2025Latent learning: episodic memory complements parametric learning by enabling flexible reuse of experiencescited by 14
  14. 2025Enter the Mind Palace: Reasoning and Planning for Long-term Active Embodied Question Answeringcited by 12
  15. 2025FSR-VLN: Fast and Slow Reasoning for Vision-Language Navigation with Hierarchical Multi-modal Scene Graphcited by 11
  16. 2025EfficientNav: Towards On-Device Object-Goal Navigation with Navigation Map Caching and Retrievalcited by 5
  17. 2025ReEXplore: Improving MLLMs for Embodied Exploration with Contextualized Retrospective Experience Replaycited by 4
  18. 2025Dream to Recall: Imagination-Guided Experience Retrieval for Memory-Persistent Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 3
  19. 2025Rooms from Motion: Un-posed Indoor 3D Object Detection as Localization and Mappingcited by 2
  20. 2025Prune-Then-Plan: Step-Level Calibration for Stable Frontier Exploration in Embodied Question Answeringcited by 2

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Citing papers per year: 2026: 3.

3 papers.

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  1. 20253DLLM-Mem: Long-Term Spatial-Temporal Memory for Embodied 3D Large Language Model
  2. 2026Explore with Long-term Memory: A Benchmark and Multimodal LLM-based Reinforcement Learning Framework for Embodied Exploration
  3. 2026FAST-EQA: Efficient Embodied Question Answering with Global and Local Region Relevancy
  4. 2026RRM: Experience-Driven Reflective Retrieval Memory for Long-Horizon Multimodal Reasoning
  5. 2026Personalizing Embodied Multimodal Large Language Model Agents over Long-term User Interactions
  6. 2023LLM as A Robotic Brain: Unifying Egocentric Memory and Control
  7. 2026V-Mem: Modality-Routed Retrieval for Long-Term Multimodal Agentic Memory
  8. 2024EfficientEQA: An Efficient Approach to Open-Vocabulary Embodied Question Answering