mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Agentic AI in Healthcare & Medicine: A Seven-Dimensional Taxonomy for Empirical Evaluation of LLM-based Agents

arXiv 2602.04813 ↗First posted 4 Feb 2026cs.AI cs.CYcited by 1

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Medical and scientific domain agents

Abstract (arXiv)

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents that plan, use tools and act has begun to shape healthcare and medicine. Reported studies demonstrate competence on various tasks ranging from EHR analysis and differential diagnosis to treatment planning and research workflows. Yet the literature largely consists of overviews which are either broad surveys or narrow dives into a single capability (e.g., memory, planning, reasoning), leaving healthcare work without a common frame. We address this by reviewing 49 studies using a seven-dimensional taxonomy: Cognitive Capabilities, Knowledge Management, Interaction Patterns, Adaptation & Learning, Safety & Ethics, Framework Typology and Core Tasks & Subtasks with 29 operational sub-dimensions. Using explicit inclusion and exclusion criteria and a labeling rubric (Fully Implemented, Partially Implemented, Not Implemented), we map each study to the taxonomy and report quantitative summaries of capability prevalence and co-occurrence patterns. Our empirical analysis surfaces clear asymmetries. For instance, the External Knowledge Integration sub-dimension under Knowledge Management is commonly realized (~76% Fully Implemented) whereas Event-Triggered Activation sub-dimenison under Interaction Patterns is largely absent (~92% Not Implemented) and Drift Detection & Mitigation sub-dimension under Adaptation & Learning is rare (~98% Not Implemented). Architecturally, Multi-Agent Design sub-dimension under Framework Typology is the dominant pattern (~82% Fully Implemented) while orchestration layers remain mostly partial. Across Core Tasks & Subtasks, information centric capabilities lead e.g., Medical Question Answering & Decision Support and Benchmarking & Simulation, while action and discovery oriented areas such as Treatment Planning & Prescription still show substantial gaps (~59% Not Implemented).

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Medical and scientific domain agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 109 of its 145 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 4 Feb 2026.

Builds on

109 of 145 references.

Closest ancestors · 39

Same direction, newest first

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  10. 2025MedAgent-Pro: Towards Evidence-based Multi-modal Medical Diagnosis via Reasoning Agentic Workflow21 Mar
  11. 2025MDTeamGPT: A Self-Evolving LLM-based Multi-Agent Framework for Multi-Disciplinary Team Medical Consultation18 Mar
  12. 2025TxAgent: An AI Agent for Therapeutic Reasoning Across a Universe of Tools14 Mar
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  3. 2025A Survey of LLM-based Agents in Medicine: How far are we from Baymax?16 Feb
  4. 2025MedAgentBench: A Realistic Virtual EHR Environment to Benchmark Medical LLM Agents24 Jan
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  6. 2024Script-Based Dialog Policy Planning for LLM-Powered Conversational Agents: A Basic Architecture for an "AI Therapist"13 Dec
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  10. 2024MedAide: Information Fusion and Anatomy of Medical Intents via LLM-based Agent Collaboration16 Oct
  11. 2024ColaCare: Enhancing Electronic Health Record Modeling through Large Language Model-Driven Multi-Agent Collaboration3 Oct
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  15. 2024MEDCO: Medical Education Copilots Based on A Multi-Agent Framework22 Aug
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  17. 2024MMedAgent: Learning to Use Medical Tools with Multi-modal Agent2 Jul
  18. 2024Transforming Wearable Data into Personal Health Insights using Large Language Model Agents10 Jun
  19. 2024AgentClinic: a multimodal agent benchmark to evaluate AI in simulated clinical environments13 May
  20. 2024Agent Hospital: A Simulacrum of Hospital with Evolvable Medical Agents5 May
  21. 2024Advancing Healthcare Automation: Multi-Agent System for Medical Necessity Justification27 Apr
  22. 2024ClinicalAgent: Clinical Trial Multi-Agent System with Large Language Model-based Reasoning23 Apr
  23. 2024Exploring LLM Multi-Agents for ICD Coding1 Apr
  24. 2024AgentMD: Empowering Language Agents for Risk Prediction with Large-Scale Clinical Tool Learning20 Feb
  25. 2024AI Hospital: Benchmarking Large Language Models in a Multi-agent Medical Interaction Simulator15 Feb
  26. 2024Beyond Direct Diagnosis: LLM-based Multi-Specialist Agent Consultation for Automatic Diagnosis29 Jan
  27. 2023Conversational Health Agents: A Personalized LLM-Powered Agent Framework3 Oct

Other references · 70

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  22. 2023MedAgents: Large Language Models as Collaborators for Zero-shot Medical Reasoningcited by 316
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  26. 2024MDAgents: An Adaptive Collaboration of LLMs for Medical Decision-Makingcited by 163
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  38. 2024Get my drift? Catching LLM Task Drift with Activation Deltascited by 72

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Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.

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  1. 2026Agentic AI in medicine: architectures, applications, evaluation, and challenges for clinical translationcited by 0

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