MetaGCD: Learning to Continually Learn in Generalized Category Discovery
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Abstract (arXiv)
In this paper, we consider a real-world scenario where a model that is trained on pre-defined classes continually encounters unlabeled data that contains both known and novel classes. The goal is to continually discover novel classes while maintaining the performance in known classes. We name the setting Continual Generalized Category Discovery (C-GCD). Existing methods for novel class discovery cannot directly handle the C-GCD setting due to some unrealistic assumptions, such as the unlabeled data only containing novel classes. Furthermore, they fail to discover novel classes in a continual fashion. In this work, we lift all these assumptions and propose an approach, called MetaGCD, to learn how to incrementally discover with less forgetting. Our proposed method uses a meta-learning framework and leverages the offline labeled data to simulate the testing incremental learning process. A meta-objective is defined to revolve around two conflicting learning objectives to achieve novel class discovery without forgetting. Furthermore, a soft neighborhood-based contrastive network is proposed to discriminate uncorrelated images while attracting correlated images. We build strong baselines and conduct extensive experiments on three widely used benchmarks to demonstrate the superiority of our method.
Key facts. Cited by 40 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 40 of its 56 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Aug 2023.
Builds on
40 of 56 references.
References · 40
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28 more
- 2020Dense Contrastive Learning for Self-Supervised Visual Pre-Trainingcited by 512
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- 2020Adaptive Risk Minimization: Learning to Adapt to Domain Shiftcited by 183
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- 2022Meta-DMoE: Adapting to Domain Shift by Meta-Distillation from Mixture-of-Expertscited by 50
- 2022Class-incremental Novel Class Discoverycited by 42
- 2022Novel Class Discovery without Forgettingcited by 39
- 2022Bidirectional Learning for Offline Infinite-width Model-based Optimizationcited by 35
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 4; 2024: 12; 2025: 15; 2026: 9.
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- 2023Learn to Categorize or Categorize to Learn? Self-Coding for Generalized Category Discoverycited by 39
- 2023Test-Time Domain Adaptation by Learning Domain-Aware Batch Normalizationcited by 31
- 2024Adapting to Distribution Shift by Visual Domain Prompt Generationcited by 23
- 2024Happy: A Debiased Learning Framework for Continual Generalized Category Discoverycited by 18
- 2024Effective Prompt Pool Learning for Continual Category Discoverycited by 14
- 2025Learning to Adapt Frozen CLIP for Few-Shot Test-Time Domain Adaptationcited by 14
- 2024Distribution Alignment for Fully Test-Time Adaptation with Dynamic Online Data Streamscited by 13
- 2024How to Train the Teacher Model for Effective Knowledge Distillationcited by 13
- 2025Plug-in Feedback Self-adaptive Attention in CLIP for Training-free Open-Vocabulary Segmentationcited by 12
- 2025MOS: Modeling Object-Scene Associations in Generalized Category Discoverycited by 10
- 2025Generate, Refine, and Encode: Leveraging Synthesized Novel Samples for On-the-Fly Fine-Grained Category Discoverycited by 9
- 2025Widget2Code: From Visual Widgets to UI Code via Multimodal LLMscited by 8
28 more
- 2024Towards Incremental Learning in Large Language Models: A Critical Reviewcited by 6
- 2023Category Adaptation Meets Projected Distillation in Generalized Continual Category Discoverycited by 5
- 2024Online Continuous Generalized Category Discoverycited by 5
- 2025Category Discovery: An Open-World Perspectivecited by 5
- 2026ASMIL: Attention-Stabilized Multiple Instance Learning for Whole Slide Imagingcited by 5
- 2023Generalized Category Discovery in Semantic Segmentationcited by 4
- 2024Beyond Known Clusters: Probe New Prototypes for Efficient Generalized Class Discoverycited by 4
- 2025DocTTT: Test-Time Training for Handwritten Document Recognition Using Meta-Auxiliary Learningcited by 3
- 2024Continual Novel Class Discovery via Feature Enhancement and Adaptationcited by 2
- 2024A Fresh Look at Generalized Category Discovery through Non-negative Matrix Factorizationcited by 2
- 2025MetaWriter: Personalized Handwritten Text Recognition Using Meta-Learned Prompt Tuningcited by 2
- 2024Exploiting Fine-Grained Prototype Distribution for Boosting Unsupervised Class Incremental Learningcited by 1
- 2025Proxy-Anchor and EVT-Driven Continual Learning Method for Generalized Category Discoverycited by 1
- 2026GOAL: Geometrically Optimal Alignment for Continual Generalized Category Discoverycited by 1
- 2026TALON: Test-time Adaptive Learning for On-the-Fly Category Discoverycited by 1
- 2024Task Consistent Prototype Learning for Incremental Few-shot Semantic Segmentationcited by 0
- 2025Towards Robust Incremental Learning under Ambiguous Supervisioncited by 0
- 2025Freeze and Cluster: A Simple Baseline for Rehearsal-Free Continual Category Discoverycited by 0
- 2025Exploring the Tradeoff Between Diversity and Discrimination for Continuous Category Discoverycited by 0
- 2025Hierarchical Generalized Category Discovery for Brain Tumor Classification in Digital Pathologycited by 0
- 2025MVS-TTA: Test-Time Adaptation for Multi-View Stereo via Meta-Auxiliary Learningcited by 0
- 2025ReLKD: Inter-Class Relation Learning with Knowledge Distillation for Generalized Category Discoverycited by 0
- 2026Learning through Creation: A Hash-Free Framework for On-the-Fly Category Discoverycited by 0
- 2026OmniGCD: Abstracting Generalized Category Discovery for Modality Agnosticismcited by 0
- 2026Virtual Category-Guided Continual Generalized Category Discoverycited by 0
- 2026Rondo: Unsupervised Discovery of Recurring Temporal Structurecited by 0
- 2026Test-Time Generalized Category Discoverycited by 0
- 2026Video2Skill: From Streaming Experience to Reusable Embodied Skillscited by 0
- 2026Video2Skill: From Streaming Experience to Reusable Embodied Skills29 Sep 2026
- 2026Test-Time Generalized Category Discovery27 Sep 2026
- 2026Rondo: Unsupervised Discovery of Recurring Temporal Structure26 Sep 2026
- 2026Virtual Category-Guided Continual Generalized Category Discovery6 Jul 2026
- 2026OmniGCD: Abstracting Generalized Category Discovery for Modality Agnosticism16 Apr 2026
- 2026Learning through Creation: A Hash-Free Framework for On-the-Fly Category Discovery14 Mar 2026
- 2026TALON: Test-time Adaptive Learning for On-the-Fly Category Discovery9 Mar 2026
- 2026ASMIL: Attention-Stabilized Multiple Instance Learning for Whole Slide Imaging1 Mar 2026
- 2026GOAL: Geometrically Optimal Alignment for Continual Generalized Category Discovery23 Feb 2026
- 2025Widget2Code: From Visual Widgets to UI Code via Multimodal LLMs22 Dec 2025
- 2025ReLKD: Inter-Class Relation Learning with Knowledge Distillation for Generalized Category Discovery8 Dec 2025
- 2025MVS-TTA: Test-Time Adaptation for Multi-View Stereo via Meta-Auxiliary Learning22 Nov 2025
28 more
- 2025Hierarchical Generalized Category Discovery for Brain Tumor Classification in Digital Pathology3 Oct 2025
- 2025Category Discovery: An Open-World Perspective26 Sep 2025
- 2025Plug-in Feedback Self-adaptive Attention in CLIP for Training-free Open-Vocabulary Segmentation27 Aug 2025
- 2025Exploring the Tradeoff Between Diversity and Discrimination for Continuous Category Discovery15 Aug 2025
- 2025Generate, Refine, and Encode: Leveraging Synthesized Novel Samples for On-the-Fly Fine-Grained Category Discovery5 Jul 2025
- 2025Learning to Adapt Frozen CLIP for Few-Shot Test-Time Domain Adaptation18 Jun 2025
- 2025MetaWriter: Personalized Handwritten Text Recognition Using Meta-Learned Prompt Tuning26 May 2025
- 2025Proxy-Anchor and EVT-Driven Continual Learning Method for Generalized Category Discovery11 Apr 2025
- 2025MOS: Modeling Object-Scene Associations in Generalized Category Discovery15 Mar 2025
- 2025Freeze and Cluster: A Simple Baseline for Rehearsal-Free Continual Category Discovery12 Mar 2025
- 2025Towards Robust Incremental Learning under Ambiguous Supervision23 Jan 2025
- 2025DocTTT: Test-Time Training for Handwritten Document Recognition Using Meta-Auxiliary Learning22 Jan 2025
- 2024A Fresh Look at Generalized Category Discovery through Non-negative Matrix Factorization29 Oct 2024
- 2024Task Consistent Prototype Learning for Incremental Few-shot Semantic Segmentation16 Oct 2024
- 2024Happy: A Debiased Learning Framework for Continual Generalized Category Discovery9 Oct 2024
- 2024Online Continuous Generalized Category Discovery24 Aug 2024
- 2024Exploiting Fine-Grained Prototype Distribution for Boosting Unsupervised Class Incremental Learning19 Aug 2024
- 2024Effective Prompt Pool Learning for Continual Category Discovery26 Jul 2024
- 2024How to Train the Teacher Model for Effective Knowledge Distillation25 Jul 2024
- 2024Distribution Alignment for Fully Test-Time Adaptation with Dynamic Online Data Streams16 Jul 2024
- 2024Continual Novel Class Discovery via Feature Enhancement and Adaptation10 May 2024
- 2024Adapting to Distribution Shift by Visual Domain Prompt Generation5 May 2024
- 2024Towards Incremental Learning in Large Language Models: A Critical Review28 Apr 2024
- 2024Beyond Known Clusters: Probe New Prototypes for Efficient Generalized Class Discovery13 Apr 2024
- 2023Test-Time Domain Adaptation by Learning Domain-Aware Batch Normalization15 Dec 2023
- 2023Generalized Category Discovery in Semantic Segmentation20 Nov 2023
- 2023Learn to Categorize or Categorize to Learn? Self-Coding for Generalized Category Discovery30 Oct 2023
- 2023Category Adaptation Meets Projected Distillation in Generalized Continual Category Discovery23 Aug 2023
- 2023Learn to Categorize or Categorize to Learn? Self-Coding for Generalized Category Discoverycited by 39
- 2023Test-Time Domain Adaptation by Learning Domain-Aware Batch Normalizationcited by 31
- 2024Adapting to Distribution Shift by Visual Domain Prompt Generationcited by 23
- 2024Happy: A Debiased Learning Framework for Continual Generalized Category Discoverycited by 18
- 2024Effective Prompt Pool Learning for Continual Category Discoverycited by 14
- 2025Learning to Adapt Frozen CLIP for Few-Shot Test-Time Domain Adaptationcited by 14
- 2024Distribution Alignment for Fully Test-Time Adaptation with Dynamic Online Data Streamscited by 13
- 2024How to Train the Teacher Model for Effective Knowledge Distillationcited by 13
- 2025Plug-in Feedback Self-adaptive Attention in CLIP for Training-free Open-Vocabulary Segmentationcited by 12
- 2025MOS: Modeling Object-Scene Associations in Generalized Category Discoverycited by 10
- 2025Generate, Refine, and Encode: Leveraging Synthesized Novel Samples for On-the-Fly Fine-Grained Category Discoverycited by 9
- 2024Towards Incremental Learning in Large Language Models: A Critical Reviewcited by 6
12 most cited of 39 All 39 (JSON)
- 2026Video2Skill: From Streaming Experience to Reusable Embodied Skills29 Sep 2026
- 2026Test-Time Generalized Category Discovery27 Sep 2026
- 2026Rondo: Unsupervised Discovery of Recurring Temporal Structure26 Sep 2026
- 2026Virtual Category-Guided Continual Generalized Category Discovery6 Jul 2026
- 2026OmniGCD: Abstracting Generalized Category Discovery for Modality Agnosticism16 Apr 2026
- 2026Learning through Creation: A Hash-Free Framework for On-the-Fly Category Discovery14 Mar 2026
- 2026TALON: Test-time Adaptive Learning for On-the-Fly Category Discovery9 Mar 2026
- 2026ASMIL: Attention-Stabilized Multiple Instance Learning for Whole Slide Imaging1 Mar 2026
- 2026GOAL: Geometrically Optimal Alignment for Continual Generalized Category Discovery23 Feb 2026
- 2025ReLKD: Inter-Class Relation Learning with Knowledge Distillation for Generalized Category Discovery8 Dec 2025
- 2025MVS-TTA: Test-Time Adaptation for Multi-View Stereo via Meta-Auxiliary Learning22 Nov 2025
- 2025Hierarchical Generalized Category Discovery for Brain Tumor Classification in Digital Pathology3 Oct 2025
12 newest of 39 All 39 (JSON)