NusaCrowd: Open Source Initiative for Indonesian NLP Resources
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Abstract (arXiv)
We present NusaCrowd, a collaborative initiative to collect and unify existing resources for Indonesian languages, including opening access to previously non-public resources. Through this initiative, we have brought together 137 datasets and 118 standardized data loaders. The quality of the datasets has been assessed manually and automatically, and their value is demonstrated through multiple experiments. NusaCrowd's data collection enables the creation of the first zero-shot benchmarks for natural language understanding and generation in Indonesian and the local languages of Indonesia. Furthermore, NusaCrowd brings the creation of the first multilingual automatic speech recognition benchmark in Indonesian and the local languages of Indonesia. Our work strives to advance natural language processing (NLP) research for languages that are under-represented despite being widely spoken.
Key facts. Cited by 38 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 70 of its 200 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Dec 2022.
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70 of 200 references.
References · 70
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- 2020WikiLingua: A New Benchmark Dataset for Cross-Lingual Abstractive Summarizationcited by 154
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- 2020VoxLingua107: a Dataset for Spoken Language Recognitioncited by 118
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- 2021NL-Augmenter: A Framework for Task-Sensitive Natural Language Augmentationcited by 72
- 2022CVSS Corpus and Massively Multilingual Speech-to-Speech Translationcited by 71
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- 2022NusaX: Multilingual Parallel Sentiment Dataset for 10 Indonesian Local Languagescited by 67
- 2022One Country, 700+ Languages: NLP Challenges for Underrepresented Languages and Dialects in Indonesiacited by 65
- 2020IndoLEM and IndoBERT: A Benchmark Dataset and Pre-trained Language Model for Indonesian NLPcited by 57
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- 2021IndoBERTweet: A Pretrained Language Model for Indonesian Twitter with Effective Domain-Specific Vocabulary Initializationcited by 25
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 11; 2024: 14; 2025: 9; 2026: 4.
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- 2023A Multitask, Multilingual, Multimodal Evaluation of ChatGPT on Reasoning, Hallucination, and Interactivitycited by 888
- 2024Aya Model: An Instruction Finetuned Open-Access Multilingual Language Modelcited by 292
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- 2024CVQA: Culturally-diverse Multilingual Visual Question Answering Benchmarkcited by 118
- 2024LLaMA Beyond English: An Empirical Study on Language Capability Transfercited by 94
- 2024INCLUDE: Evaluating Multilingual Language Understanding with Regional Knowledgecited by 78
- 2024LLMs Are Few-Shot In-Context Low-Resource Language Learnerscited by 68
- 2023Prompting Multilingual Large Language Models to Generate Code-Mixed Texts: The Case of South East Asian Languagescited by 50
- 2024Multilingual Large Language Model: A Survey of Resources, Taxonomy and Frontierscited by 49
- 2023Lost in Translation: Large Language Models in Non-English Content Analysiscited by 34
- 2024ML-SUPERB 2.0: Benchmarking Multilingual Speech Models Across Modeling Constraints, Languages, and Datasetscited by 26
- 2024Cendol: Open Instruction-tuned Generative Large Language Models for Indonesian Languagescited by 18
26 more
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- 2023GlobalBench: A Benchmark for Global Progress in Natural Language Processingcited by 8
- 2025Crowdsource, Crawl, or Generate? Creating SEA-VL, a Multicultural Vision-Language Dataset for Southeast Asiacited by 8
- 2024Multilingual Arbitrage: Optimizing Data Pools to Accelerate Multilingual Progresscited by 6
- 2023Enriching the NArabizi Treebank: A Multifaceted Approach to Supporting an Under-Resourced Languagecited by 4
- 2023NusaWrites: Constructing High-Quality Corpora for Underrepresented and Extremely Low-Resource Languagescited by 4
- 2024Cracking the Code: Multi-domain LLM Evaluation on Real-World Professional Exams in Indonesiacited by 4
- 2025Assessing Thai Dialect Performance in LLMs with Automatic Benchmarks and Human Evaluationcited by 4
- 2023IndoToD: A Multi-Domain Indonesian Benchmark For End-to-End Task-Oriented Dialogue Systemscited by 2
- 2025Inclusivity of AI Speech in Healthcare: A Decade Look Backcited by 2
- 2025What Do Indonesians Really Need from Language Technology? A Nationwide Surveycited by 2
- 2023Cross-Lingual Cross-Age Group Adaptation for Low-Resource Elderly Speech Emotion Recognitioncited by 1
- 2024Crowdsourcing Lexical Diversitycited by 1
- 2025IndoPref: A Multi-Domain Pairwise Preference Dataset for Indonesiancited by 1
- 2025ASR Under Noise: Exploring Robustness for Sundanese and Javanesecited by 1
- 2023Utilizing Weak Supervision To Generate Indonesian Conservation Datasetcited by 0
- 2023Replicable Benchmarking of Neural Machine Translation (NMT) on Low-Resource Local Languages in Indonesiacited by 0
- 2024NusaBERT: Teaching IndoBERT to be Multilingual and Multiculturalcited by 0
- 2025Making Sense of Korean Sentences: A Comprehensive Evaluation of LLMs through KoSEnd Datasetcited by 0
- 2025Entropy2Vec: Crosslingual Language Modeling Entropy as End-to-End Learnable Language Representationscited by 0
- 2026Beyond Transfer Accuracy: Mechanism-Guided Controlled Adaptation for Low-Resource Languagescited by 0
- 2026Sentiment Analysis of AI Adoption in Indonesian Higher Education Using Machine Learning and Transformer-Based Modelscited by 0
- 2026Beyond Catalogue Counts: the Dataset Visibility Asymmetry in Low-Resource Multilingual NLPcited by 0
- 2026SEATauBench: Progressively Adapting Tool-Agent-User Evaluation Into Low-Resource Southeast Asian Languagescited by 0
- 2026SEATauBench: Progressively Adapting Tool-Agent-User Evaluation Into Low-Resource Southeast Asian Languages27 Jun 2026
- 2026Beyond Catalogue Counts: the Dataset Visibility Asymmetry in Low-Resource Multilingual NLP17 May 2026
- 2026Sentiment Analysis of AI Adoption in Indonesian Higher Education Using Machine Learning and Transformer-Based Models30 Apr 2026
- 2026Beyond Transfer Accuracy: Mechanism-Guided Controlled Adaptation for Low-Resource Languages13 Jan 2026
- 2025BabyBabelLM: A Multilingual Benchmark of Developmentally Plausible Training Data11 Oct 2025
- 2025ASR Under Noise: Exploring Robustness for Sundanese and Javanese30 Sep 2025
- 2025Entropy2Vec: Crosslingual Language Modeling Entropy as End-to-End Learnable Language Representations5 Sep 2025
- 2025IndoPref: A Multi-Domain Pairwise Preference Dataset for Indonesian29 Jul 2025
- 2025Making Sense of Korean Sentences: A Comprehensive Evaluation of LLMs through KoSEnd Dataset4 Jul 2025
- 2025What Do Indonesians Really Need from Language Technology? A Nationwide Survey9 Jun 2025
- 2025Inclusivity of AI Speech in Healthcare: A Decade Look Back15 May 2025
- 2025Assessing Thai Dialect Performance in LLMs with Automatic Benchmarks and Human Evaluation8 Apr 2025
26 more
- 2025Crowdsource, Crawl, or Generate? Creating SEA-VL, a Multicultural Vision-Language Dataset for Southeast Asia10 Mar 2025
- 2024INCLUDE: Evaluating Multilingual Language Understanding with Regional Knowledge29 Nov 2024
- 2024Crowdsourcing Lexical Diversity30 Oct 2024
- 2024Cracking the Code: Multi-domain LLM Evaluation on Real-World Professional Exams in Indonesia13 Sep 2024
- 2024Multilingual Arbitrage: Optimizing Data Pools to Accelerate Multilingual Progress27 Aug 2024
- 2024The Responsible Foundation Model Development Cheatsheet: A Review of Tools & Resources24 Jun 2024
- 2024ML-SUPERB 2.0: Benchmarking Multilingual Speech Models Across Modeling Constraints, Languages, and Datasets12 Jun 2024
- 2024CVQA: Culturally-diverse Multilingual Visual Question Answering Benchmark10 Jun 2024
- 2024Cendol: Open Instruction-tuned Generative Large Language Models for Indonesian Languages9 Apr 2024
- 2024Multilingual Large Language Model: A Survey of Resources, Taxonomy and Frontiers7 Apr 2024
- 2024LLMs Are Few-Shot In-Context Low-Resource Language Learners25 Mar 2024
- 2024NusaBERT: Teaching IndoBERT to be Multilingual and Multicultural4 Mar 2024
- 2024Aya Model: An Instruction Finetuned Open-Access Multilingual Language Model12 Feb 2024
- 2024Aya Dataset: An Open-Access Collection for Multilingual Instruction Tuning9 Feb 2024
- 2024LLaMA Beyond English: An Empirical Study on Language Capability Transfer2 Jan 2024
- 2023Replicable Benchmarking of Neural Machine Translation (NMT) on Low-Resource Local Languages in Indonesia2 Nov 2023
- 2023IndoToD: A Multi-Domain Indonesian Benchmark For End-to-End Task-Oriented Dialogue Systems2 Nov 2023
- 2023Utilizing Weak Supervision To Generate Indonesian Conservation Dataset17 Oct 2023
- 2023Findings of the 2023 ML-SUPERB Challenge: Pre-Training and Evaluation over More Languages and Beyond9 Oct 2023
- 2023NusaWrites: Constructing High-Quality Corpora for Underrepresented and Extremely Low-Resource Languages19 Sep 2023
- 2023Enriching the NArabizi Treebank: A Multifaceted Approach to Supporting an Under-Resourced Language26 Jun 2023
- 2023Cross-Lingual Cross-Age Group Adaptation for Low-Resource Elderly Speech Emotion Recognition26 Jun 2023
- 2023Lost in Translation: Large Language Models in Non-English Content Analysis12 Jun 2023
- 2023GlobalBench: A Benchmark for Global Progress in Natural Language Processing24 May 2023
- 2023Prompting Multilingual Large Language Models to Generate Code-Mixed Texts: The Case of South East Asian Languages23 Mar 2023
- 2023A Multitask, Multilingual, Multimodal Evaluation of ChatGPT on Reasoning, Hallucination, and Interactivity8 Feb 2023
- 2024Aya Model: An Instruction Finetuned Open-Access Multilingual Language Modelcited by 292
- 2024Aya Dataset: An Open-Access Collection for Multilingual Instruction Tuningcited by 174
- 2024LLaMA Beyond English: An Empirical Study on Language Capability Transfercited by 94
- 2024INCLUDE: Evaluating Multilingual Language Understanding with Regional Knowledgecited by 78
- 2024LLMs Are Few-Shot In-Context Low-Resource Language Learnerscited by 68
- 2023Prompting Multilingual Large Language Models to Generate Code-Mixed Texts: The Case of South East Asian Languagescited by 50
- 2023Lost in Translation: Large Language Models in Non-English Content Analysiscited by 34
- 2024ML-SUPERB 2.0: Benchmarking Multilingual Speech Models Across Modeling Constraints, Languages, and Datasetscited by 26
- 2024Cendol: Open Instruction-tuned Generative Large Language Models for Indonesian Languagescited by 18
- 2024The Responsible Foundation Model Development Cheatsheet: A Review of Tools & Resourcescited by 11
- 2023Findings of the 2023 ML-SUPERB Challenge: Pre-Training and Evaluation over More Languages and Beyondcited by 10
- 2025BabyBabelLM: A Multilingual Benchmark of Developmentally Plausible Training Datacited by 9
12 most cited of 35 All 35 (JSON)
- 2026SEATauBench: Progressively Adapting Tool-Agent-User Evaluation Into Low-Resource Southeast Asian Languages27 Jun 2026
- 2026Beyond Catalogue Counts: the Dataset Visibility Asymmetry in Low-Resource Multilingual NLP17 May 2026
- 2026Sentiment Analysis of AI Adoption in Indonesian Higher Education Using Machine Learning and Transformer-Based Models30 Apr 2026
- 2026Beyond Transfer Accuracy: Mechanism-Guided Controlled Adaptation for Low-Resource Languages13 Jan 2026
- 2025BabyBabelLM: A Multilingual Benchmark of Developmentally Plausible Training Data11 Oct 2025
- 2025ASR Under Noise: Exploring Robustness for Sundanese and Javanese30 Sep 2025
- 2025Entropy2Vec: Crosslingual Language Modeling Entropy as End-to-End Learnable Language Representations5 Sep 2025
- 2025IndoPref: A Multi-Domain Pairwise Preference Dataset for Indonesian29 Jul 2025
- 2025Making Sense of Korean Sentences: A Comprehensive Evaluation of LLMs through KoSEnd Dataset4 Jul 2025
- 2025What Do Indonesians Really Need from Language Technology? A Nationwide Survey9 Jun 2025
- 2025Inclusivity of AI Speech in Healthcare: A Decade Look Back15 May 2025
- 2025Assessing Thai Dialect Performance in LLMs with Automatic Benchmarks and Human Evaluation8 Apr 2025
12 newest of 35 All 35 (JSON)