mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Multimodal End-to-End Sparse Model for Emotion Recognition

arXiv 2103.09666 ↗First posted 17 Mar 2021cs.CLcited by 40

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Abstract (arXiv)

Existing works on multimodal affective computing tasks, such as emotion recognition, generally adopt a two-phase pipeline, first extracting feature representations for each single modality with hand-crafted algorithms and then performing end-to-end learning with the extracted features. However, the extracted features are fixed and cannot be further fine-tuned on different target tasks, and manually finding feature extraction algorithms does not generalize or scale well to different tasks, which can lead to sub-optimal performance. In this paper, we develop a fully end-to-end model that connects the two phases and optimizes them jointly. In addition, we restructure the current datasets to enable the fully end-to-end training. Furthermore, to reduce the computational overhead brought by the end-to-end model, we introduce a sparse cross-modal attention mechanism for the feature extraction. Experimental results show that our fully end-to-end model significantly surpasses the current state-of-the-art models based on the two-phase pipeline. Moreover, by adding the sparse cross-modal attention, our model can maintain performance with around half the computation in the feature extraction part.

Key facts. Cited by 40 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 23 of its 41 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Mar 2021.

Builds on

23 of 41 references.

References · 23

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11 more
  1. 2016SCA-CNN: Spatial and Channel-wise Attention in Convolutional Networks for Image Captioningcited by 219
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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 11; 2022: 11; 2023: 8; 2024: 6; 2025: 3; 2026: 1.

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  1. 2023Negative Object Presence Evaluation (NOPE) to Measure Object Hallucination in Vision-Language Modelscited by 80
  2. 2022One Country, 700+ Languages: NLP Challenges for Underrepresented Languages and Dialects in Indonesiacited by 65
  3. 2021AdaptSum: Towards Low-Resource Domain Adaptation for Abstractive Summarizationcited by 51
  4. 2022NusaCrowd: Open Source Initiative for Indonesian NLP Resourcescited by 38
  5. 2021Vision Guided Generative Pre-trained Language Models for Multimodal Abstractive Summarizationcited by 32
  6. 2023Multimodal Multi-loss Fusion Network for Sentiment Analysiscited by 26
  7. 2022COLD Fusion: Calibrated and Ordinal Latent Distribution Fusion for Uncertainty-Aware Multimodal Emotion Recognitioncited by 22
  8. 2022M-SENA: An Integrated Platform for Multimodal Sentiment Analysiscited by 21
  9. 2024Large Language Models Meet Text-Centric Multimodal Sentiment Analysis: A Surveycited by 16
  10. 2023Joyful: Joint Modality Fusion and Graph Contrastive Learning for Multimodal Emotion Recognitioncited by 14
  11. 2021A cross-modal fusion network based on self-attention and residual structure for multimodal emotion recognitioncited by 11
  12. 2022CI-AVSR: A Cantonese Audio-Visual Speech Dataset for In-car Command Recognitioncited by 10
28 more
  1. 2023General Debiasing for Multimodal Sentiment Analysiscited by 10
  2. 2021Greenformer: Factorization Toolkit for Efficient Deep Neural Networkscited by 7
  3. 2022Sentiment Word Aware Multimodal Refinement for Multimodal Sentiment Analysis with ASR Errorscited by 7
  4. 2022Multimodal Emotion Recognition with Modality-Pairwise Unsupervised Contrastive Losscited by 7
  5. 2023Noise-Resistant Multimodal Transformer for Emotion Recognitioncited by 6
  6. 2025Learning without Isolation: Pathway Protection for Continual Learningcited by 6
  7. 2021Greenformers: Improving Computation and Memory Efficiency in Transformer Models via Low-Rank Approximationcited by 5
  8. 2021Multimodal Personality Recognition using Cross-Attention Transformer and Behaviour Encodingcited by 5
  9. 2021Discourse-Aware Soft Prompting for Text Generationcited by 4
  10. 2024Multi-Task Multi-Modal Self-Supervised Learning for Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 4
  11. 2024Multimodal Emotion Recognition using Audio-Video Transformer Fusion with Cross Attentioncited by 4
  12. 2024End-to-end Semantic-centric Video-based Multimodal Affective Computingcited by 4
  13. 2021Weakly-supervised Multi-task Learning for Multimodal Affect Recognitioncited by 3
  14. 2021From Multimodal to Unimodal Attention in Transformers using Knowledge Distillationcited by 3
  15. 2021LMR-CBT: Learning Modality-fused Representations with CB-Transformer for Multimodal Emotion Recognition from Unaligned Multimodal Sequencescited by 3
  16. 2021Multimodal End-to-End Group Emotion Recognition using Cross-Modal Attentioncited by 2
  17. 2022Multilevel Transformer For Multimodal Emotion Recognitioncited by 2
  18. 2022FV2ES: A Fully End2End Multimodal System for Fast Yet Effective Video Emotion Recognition Inferencecited by 1
  19. 2023Bridging the Emotional Semantic Gap via Multimodal Relevance Estimationcited by 1
  20. 2023Which One Are You Referring To? Multimodal Object Identification in Situated Dialoguecited by 1
  21. 2023Cross-Lingual Cross-Age Group Adaptation for Low-Resource Elderly Speech Emotion Recognitioncited by 1
  22. 2022Kaggle Competition: Cantonese Audio-Visual Speech Recognition for In-car Commandscited by 0
  23. 2022An Efficient End-to-End Transformer with Progressive Tri-modal Attention for Multi-modal Emotion Recognitioncited by 0
  24. 2024Multi-Microphone and Multi-Modal Emotion Recognition in Reverberant Environmentcited by 0
  25. 2024GCM-Net: Graph-enhanced Cross-Modal Infusion with a Metaheuristic-Driven Network for Video Sentiment and Emotion Analysiscited by 0
  26. 2025Semantic-Enhanced Cross-Modal Place Recognition for Robust Robot Localizationcited by 0
  27. 2025MCIHN: A Hybrid Network Model Based on Multi-path Cross-modal Interaction for Multimodal Emotion Recognitioncited by 0
  28. 2026Multimodal Sentiment Analysis based on Multi-channel and Symmetric Mutual Promotion Feature Fusioncited by 0