mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

A Decade of Knowledge Graphs in Natural Language Processing: A Survey

arXiv 2210.00105 ↗First posted 30 Sep 2022cs.CL cs.AIcited by 40

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Abstract (arXiv)

In pace with developments in the research field of artificial intelligence, knowledge graphs (KGs) have attracted a surge of interest from both academia and industry. As a representation of semantic relations between entities, KGs have proven to be particularly relevant for natural language processing (NLP), experiencing a rapid spread and wide adoption within recent years. Given the increasing amount of research work in this area, several KG-related approaches have been surveyed in the NLP research community. However, a comprehensive study that categorizes established topics and reviews the maturity of individual research streams remains absent to this day. Contributing to closing this gap, we systematically analyzed 507 papers from the literature on KGs in NLP. Our survey encompasses a multifaceted review of tasks, research types, and contributions. As a result, we present a structured overview of the research landscape, provide a taxonomy of tasks, summarize our findings, and highlight directions for future work.

Key facts. Cited by 40 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 32 of its 73 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Sep 2022.

Builds on

32 of 73 references.

References · 32

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
  2. 2016ConceptNet 5.5: An Open Multilingual Graph of General Knowledgecited by 1,065
  3. 2020A Survey on Knowledge Graphs: Representation, Acquisition and Applicationscited by 643
  4. 2020Knowledge Graphscited by 619
  5. 2019ERNIE: Enhanced Language Representation with Informative Entitiescited by 525
  6. 2019COMET: Commonsense Transformers for Automatic Knowledge Graph Constructioncited by 450
  7. 2019KEPLER: A Unified Model for Knowledge Embedding and Pre-trained Language Representationcited by 356
  8. 2018Multi-Task Identification of Entities, Relations, and Coreference for Scientific Knowledge Graph Constructioncited by 321
  9. 2019K-BERT: Enabling Language Representation with Knowledge Graphcited by 303
  10. 2015A Review of Relational Machine Learning for Knowledge Graphscited by 264
  11. 2021Retrieving and Reading: A Comprehensive Survey on Open-domain Question Answeringcited by 178
  12. 2017Variational Reasoning for Question Answering with Knowledge Graphcited by 170
20 more
  1. 2019Text Generation from Knowledge Graphs with Graph Transformerscited by 122
  2. 2020Scalable Multi-Hop Relational Reasoning for Knowledge-Aware Question Answeringcited by 122
  3. 2017Cross-Sentence N-ary Relation Extraction with Graph LSTMscited by 101
  4. 2019Proactive Human-Machine Conversation with Explicit Conversation Goalscited by 87
  5. 2019A Re-evaluation of Knowledge Graph Completion Methodscited by 73
  6. 2020Bringing Light Into the Dark: A Large-scale Evaluation of Knowledge Graph Embedding Models Under a Unified Frameworkcited by 70
  7. 2020Domain-specific Knowledge Graphs: A surveycited by 68
  8. 2017Open-World Knowledge Graph Completioncited by 64
  9. 2019Long-tail Relation Extraction via Knowledge Graph Embeddings and Graph Convolution Networkscited by 61
  10. 2018Co-training Embeddings of Knowledge Graphs and Entity Descriptions for Cross-lingual Entity Alignmentcited by 49
  11. 2020A Survey on Complex Question Answering over Knowledge Base: Recent Advances and Challengescited by 47
  12. 2021The AI Index 2021 Annual Reportcited by 34
  13. 2020Semantics of the Black-Box: Can knowledge graphs help make deep learning systems more interpretable and explainable?cited by 31
  14. 2021Relational World Knowledge Representation in Contextual Language Models: A Reviewcited by 31
  15. 2019Adapting Meta Knowledge Graph Information for Multi-Hop Reasoning over Few-Shot Relationscited by 30
  16. 2018Entity-aware Image Caption Generationcited by 26
  17. 2021Combining pre-trained language models and structured knowledgecited by 25
  18. 2019Tackling Long-Tailed Relations and Uncommon Entities in Knowledge Graph Completioncited by 19
  19. 2018Mapping Text to Knowledge Graph Entities using Multi-Sense LSTMscited by 14
  20. 2018Knowledge-enriched Two-layered Attention Network for Sentiment Analysiscited by 2

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 12; 2024: 17; 2025: 7; 2026: 3.

40 papers.

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  1. 2023Talk like a Graph: Encoding Graphs for Large Language Modelscited by 175
  2. 2024InstructGraph: Boosting Large Language Models via Graph-centric Instruction Tuning and Preference Alignmentcited by 56
  3. 2023Scientific Fact-Checking: A Survey of Resources and Approachescited by 53
  4. 2025KGGen: Extracting Knowledge Graphs from Plain Text with Language Modelscited by 49
  5. 2022Evaluating Unsupervised Text Classification: Zero-shot and Similarity-based Approachescited by 39
  6. 2024Generative Adversarial Reviews: When LLMs Become the Criticcited by 12
  7. 2024Tox-BART: Leveraging Toxicity Attributes for Explanation Generation of Implicit Hate Speechcited by 11
  8. 2023PIVOINE: Instruction Tuning for Open-world Information Extractioncited by 10
  9. 2025Personalized Graph-Based Retrieval for Large Language Modelscited by 10
  10. 2023Exploring the Landscape of Natural Language Processing Researchcited by 7
  11. 2025RARE: Retrieval-Aware Robustness Evaluation for Retrieval-Augmented Generation Systemscited by 7
  12. 2025Attribution, Citation, and Quotation: A Survey of Evidence-based Text Generation with Large Language Modelscited by 7
28 more
  1. 2023Efficient Domain Adaptation of Sentence Embeddings Using Adapterscited by 6
  2. 2023Increasing Coverage and Precision of Textual Information in Multilingual Knowledge Graphscited by 6
  3. 2024A Comparative Analysis of Conversational Large Language Models in Knowledge-Based Text Generationcited by 6
  4. 2023AspectCSE: Sentence Embeddings for Aspect-based Semantic Textual Similarity Using Contrastive Learning and Structured Knowledgecited by 5
  5. 2024Capturing Knowledge Graphs and Rules with Octagon Embeddingscited by 5
  6. 2024How Data Inter-connectivity Shapes LLMs Unlearning: A Structural Unlearning Perspectivecited by 5
  7. 2023From Data to Dialogue: Leveraging the Structure of Knowledge Graphs for Conversational Exploratory Searchcited by 3
  8. 2024Zero-Shot Relational Learning for Multimodal Knowledge Graphscited by 3
  9. 2024Engineering Conversational Search Systems: A Review of Applications, Architectures, and Functional Componentscited by 3
  10. 2024Ranking Entities along Conceptual Space Dimensions with LLMs: An Analysis of Fine-Tuning Strategiescited by 2
  11. 2023Voice-Based Conversational Agents and Knowledge Graphs for Improving News Search in Assisted Livingcited by 1
  12. 2023UMLS-KGI-BERT: Data-Centric Knowledge Integration in Transformers for Biomedical Entity Recognitioncited by 1
  13. 2023Select and Augment: Enhanced Dense Retrieval Knowledge Graph Augmentationcited by 1
  14. 2023Diversifying Knowledge Enhancement of Biomedical Language Models using Adapter Modules and Knowledge Graphscited by 1
  15. 2024Synergizing Machine Learning & Symbolic Methods: A Survey on Hybrid Approaches to Natural Language Processingcited by 1
  16. 2024ConvKGYarn: Spinning Configurable and Scalable Conversational Knowledge Graph QA datasets with Large Language Modelscited by 1
  17. 2025A systematic review of relation extraction task since the emergence of Transformerscited by 1
  18. 2025Rate-Distortion Guided Knowledge Graph Construction from Lecture Notes Using Gromov-Wasserstein Optimal Transportcited by 1
  19. 2026Structured Semantic Information Helps Retrieve Better Examples for In-Context Learning Applied to Few-Shot Relation Extractioncited by 1
  20. 2024Enterprise Use Cases Combining Knowledge Graphs and Natural Language Processingcited by 0
  21. 2024Standardizing Knowledge Engineering Practices with a Reference Architecturecited by 0
  22. 2024Bridging Information Gaps in Dialogues With Grounded Exchanges Using Knowledge Graphscited by 0
  23. 2024Fast-and-Frugal Text-Graph Transformers are Effective Link Predictorscited by 0
  24. 2024Class Granularity: How richly does your knowledge graph represent the real world?cited by 0
  25. 2024Adapter-based Approaches to Knowledge-enhanced Language Models -- A Surveycited by 0
  26. 2025Testing Individual Fairness in Graph Neural Networkscited by 0
  27. 2026Knowledge Graphs Meet Graph Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 0
  28. 2026From SQL to Knowledge Graphs: An LLM-Driven Multi-Agent Approach with Data Schema Improvementcited by 0