Attribution, Citation, and Quotation: A Survey of Evidence-based Text Generation with Large Language Models
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
The increasing adoption of large language models (LLMs) has raised serious concerns about their reliability and trustworthiness. As a result, a growing body of research focuses on evidence-based text generation with LLMs, aiming to link model outputs to supporting evidence to ensure traceability and verifiability. However, the field is fragmented due to inconsistent terminology, isolated evaluation practices, and a lack of unified benchmarks. To bridge this gap, we systematically analyze 134 papers, introduce a unified taxonomy of evidence-based text generation with LLMs, and investigate 300 evaluation metrics across seven key dimensions. Thereby, we focus on approaches that use citations, attribution, or quotations for evidence-based text generation. Building on this, we examine the distinctive characteristics and representative methods in the field. Finally, we highlight open challenges and outline promising directions for future work.
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 76 of its 113 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Aug 2025.
Builds on
76 of 113 references.
References · 76
- 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,971
- 2019BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERTcited by 5,512
- 2023G-Eval: NLG Evaluation using GPT-4 with Better Human Alignmentcited by 2,276
- 2023Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 2,212
- 2023Self-RAG: Learning to Retrieve, Generate, and Critique through Self-Reflectioncited by 1,839
- 2018FEVER: a large-scale dataset for Fact Extraction and VERificationcited by 1,375
- 2023FActScore: Fine-grained Atomic Evaluation of Factual Precision in Long Form Text Generationcited by 1,282
- 2022When Not to Trust Language Models: Investigating Effectiveness of Parametric and Non-Parametric Memoriescited by 1,128
- 2016Abstractive Text Summarization Using Sequence-to-Sequence RNNs and Beyondcited by 812
- 2020SummEval: Re-evaluating Summarization Evaluationcited by 674
- 2023Enabling Large Language Models to Generate Text with Citationscited by 595
- 2019ELI5: Long Form Question Answeringcited by 575
38 more
- 2018Wizard of Wikipedia: Knowledge-Powered Conversational agentscited by 530
- 2021MAUVE: Measuring the Gap Between Neural Text and Human Text using Divergence Frontierscited by 470
- 2021Efficient Attentions for Long Document Summarizationcited by 345
- 2023Evaluating Verifiability in Generative Search Enginescited by 303
- 2022ASQA: Factoid Questions Meet Long-Form Answerscited by 234
- 2020Explainable Automated Fact-Checking for Public Health Claimscited by 211
- 2020A Survey of Knowledge-Enhanced Text Generationcited by 120
- 2018A Dataset for Document Grounded Conversationscited by 104
- 2024A Comprehensive Survey of Hallucination in Large Language, Image, Video and Audio Foundation Modelscited by 100
- 2023ExpertQA: Expert-Curated Questions and Attributed Answerscited by 97
- 2023Topical-Chat: Towards Knowledge-Grounded Open-Domain Conversationscited by 89
- 2024From Matching to Generation: A Survey on Generative Information Retrievalcited by 89
- 2024Summary of a Haystack: A Challenge to Long-Context LLMs and RAG Systemscited by 87
- 2024LongCite: Enabling LLMs to Generate Fine-grained Citations in Long-context QAcited by 81
- 2021Evaluating Attribution in Dialogue Systems: The BEGIN Benchmarkcited by 77
- 2023A Survey of Large Language Models Attributioncited by 71
- 2024Attribute First, then Generate: Locally-attributable Grounded Text Generationcited by 54
- 2023PURR: Efficiently Editing Language Model Hallucinations by Denoising Language Model Corruptionscited by 53
- 2023Effective Large Language Model Adaptation for Improved Grounding and Citation Generationcited by 45
- 2022QAMPARI: An Open-domain Question Answering Benchmark for Questions with Many Answers from Multiple Paragraphscited by 42
- 2022A Decade of Knowledge Graphs in Natural Language Processing: A Surveycited by 40
- 2020Citation Recommendation: Approaches and Datasetscited by 36
- 2024Measuring and Enhancing Trustworthiness of LLMs in RAG through Grounded Attributions and Learning to Refusecited by 34
- 2024Source-Aware Training Enables Knowledge Attribution in Language Modelscited by 30
- 2024Learning to Plan and Generate Text with Citationscited by 28
- 2024VISA: Retrieval Augmented Generation with Visual Source Attributioncited by 28
- 2023Are Large Language Models Temporally Grounded?cited by 27
- 2023Synergi: A Mixed-Initiative System for Scholarly Synthesis and Sensemakingcited by 26
- 2024AttributionBench: How Hard is Automatic Attribution Evaluation?cited by 26
- 2024Making Long-Context Language Models Better Multi-Hop Reasonerscited by 26
- 2024Citation-Enhanced Generation for LLM-based Chatbotscited by 25
- 2024Peering into the Mind of Language Models: An Approach for Attribution in Contextual Question Answeringcited by 25
- 2024Nearest Neighbor Speculative Decoding for LLM Generation and Attributioncited by 25
- 2020On Learning Text Style Transfer with Direct Rewardscited by 24
- 2023Towards Verifiable Generation: A Benchmark for Knowledge-aware Language Model Attributioncited by 24
- 2024Improving Attributed Text Generation of Large Language Models via Preference Learningcited by 23
- 2024RAG-RewardBench: Benchmarking Reward Models in Retrieval Augmented Generation for Preference Alignmentcited by 23
- 2023Evaluating and Modeling Attribution for Cross-Lingual Question Answeringcited by 21
50 most cited of 76 All 76 (JSON)
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 2; 2026: 5.
7 papers.
- 2026From Agent Traces to Trust: A Survey of Evidence Tracing and Execution Provenance in LLM Agentscited by 37
- 2026PaperTrail: A Claim-Evidence Interface for Grounding Provenance in LLM-based Scholarly Q&Acited by 2
- 2026Are Finer Citations Always Better? Rethinking Granularity for Attributed Generationcited by 2
- 2026Attributable by Construction: Claim-Anchored Provenance for Multi-Document Summarizationcited by 2
- 2025Human-AI Narrative Synthesis to Foster Shared Understanding in Civic Decision-Makingcited by 1
- 2025Proof-Carrying Numbers (PCN): A Protocol for Trustworthy Numeric Answers from LLMs via Claim Verificationcited by 0
- 2026Explicit Evidence Grounding via Structured Inline Citation Generationcited by 0
- 2026Attributable by Construction: Claim-Anchored Provenance for Multi-Document Summarization22 Jun 2026
- 2026Explicit Evidence Grounding via Structured Inline Citation Generation5 Jun 2026
- 2026From Agent Traces to Trust: A Survey of Evidence Tracing and Execution Provenance in LLM Agents3 Jun 2026
- 2026Are Finer Citations Always Better? Rethinking Granularity for Attributed Generation1 Apr 2026
- 2026PaperTrail: A Claim-Evidence Interface for Grounding Provenance in LLM-based Scholarly Q&A24 Feb 2026
- 2025Human-AI Narrative Synthesis to Foster Shared Understanding in Civic Decision-Making23 Sep 2025
- 2025Proof-Carrying Numbers (PCN): A Protocol for Trustworthy Numeric Answers from LLMs via Claim Verification8 Sep 2025