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A Survey on Complex Question Answering over Knowledge Base: Recent Advances and Challenges

arXiv 2007.13069 ↗First posted 26 Jul 2020cs.CL cs.HCcited by 47

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Abstract (arXiv)

Question Answering (QA) over Knowledge Base (KB) aims to automatically answer natural language questions via well-structured relation information between entities stored in knowledge bases. In order to make KBQA more applicable in actual scenarios, researchers have shifted their attention from simple questions to complex questions, which require more KB triples and constraint inference. In this paper, we introduce the recent advances in complex QA. Besides traditional methods relying on templates and rules, the research is categorized into a taxonomy that contains two main branches, namely Information Retrieval-based and Neural Semantic Parsing-based. After describing the methods of these branches, we analyze directions for future research and introduce the models proposed by the Alime team.

Key facts. Cited by 47 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 26 Jul 2020.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 10; 2022: 16; 2023: 8; 2024: 5; 2025: 7; 2026: 1.

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  2. 2023ToolkenGPT: Augmenting Frozen Language Models with Massive Tools via Tool Embeddingscited by 238
  3. 2023Knowledge-Augmented Language Model Prompting for Zero-Shot Knowledge Graph Question Answeringcited by 119
  4. 2021A Survey on Complex Knowledge Base Question Answering: Methods, Challenges and Solutionscited by 77
  5. 2021Complex Knowledge Base Question Answering: A Surveycited by 52
  6. 2021Biomedical Question Answering: A Survey of Approaches and Challengescited by 46
  7. 2022A Survey on Table Question Answering: Recent Advancescited by 41
  8. 2022A Decade of Knowledge Graphs in Natural Language Processing: A Surveycited by 40
  9. 2021Conversational Question Answering: A Surveycited by 31
  10. 2022Weisfeiler and Leman Go Relationalcited by 28
  11. 2023A Multi-Task Perspective for Link Prediction with New Relation Types and Nodescited by 23
  12. 2022Knowledge Base Question Answering: A Semantic Parsing Perspectivecited by 22
35 more
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  4. 2024Temporal Knowledge Graph Question Answering: A Surveycited by 9
  5. 2021SYGMA: System for Generalizable Modular Question Answering OverKnowledge Basescited by 8
  6. 2023Toward Practical Entity Alignment Method Design: Insights from New Highly Heterogeneous Knowledge Graph Datasetscited by 8
  7. 2021Improving Embedded Knowledge Graph Multi-hop Question Answering by introducing Relational Chain Reasoningcited by 7
  8. 2022Schema-aware Reference as Prompt Improves Data-Efficient Knowledge Graph Constructioncited by 6
  9. 2023Coarse-to-Fine Knowledge Selection for Document Grounded Dialogscited by 6
  10. 2023KERMIT: Knowledge Graph Completion of Enhanced Relation Modeling with Inverse Transformationcited by 6
  11. 2026Uncertainty-Aware Clarification in LLM Agents with Information Gaincited by 6
  12. 2022Data Augmentation for Biomedical Factoid Question Answeringcited by 5
  13. 2025Explainable Knowledge Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation (KG-RAG) with KG-SMILEcited by 4
  14. 2021VOGUE: Answer Verbalization through Multi-Task Learningcited by 3
  15. 2022Targeted Extraction of Temporal Facts from Textual Resources for Improved Temporal Question Answering over Knowledge Basescited by 3
  16. 2025ARUQULA -- An LLM based Text2SPARQL Approach using ReAct and Knowledge Graph Exploration Utilitiescited by 3
  17. 2021Fact-Tree Reasoning for N-ary Question Answering over Knowledge Graphscited by 2
  18. 2022Can Open Domain Question Answering Systems Answer Visual Knowledge Questions?cited by 2
  19. 2022Explanation as Question Answering based on a Task Model of the Agent's Designcited by 2
  20. 2022Graph-to-Text Generation with Dynamic Structure Pruningcited by 2
  21. 2023Plan-then-Seam: Towards Efficient Table-to-Text Generationcited by 2
  22. 2022An Answer Verbalization Dataset for Conversational Question Answerings over Knowledge Graphscited by 1
  23. 2022Biomedical Multi-hop Question Answering Using Knowledge Graph Embeddings and Language Modelscited by 1
  24. 2022A Survey on Conversational Search and Applications in Biomedicinecited by 1
  25. 2025Research on Multi-hop Inference Optimization of LLM Based on MQUAKE Frameworkcited by 1
  26. 2025Think Parallax: Solving Multi-Hop Problems via Multi-View Knowledge-Graph-Based Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 1
  27. 2021Recent Advances in Automated Question Answering In Biomedical Domaincited by 0
  28. 2021Few-shot Multi-hop Question Answering over Knowledge Basecited by 0
  29. 2022Doc2Bot: Accessing Heterogeneous Documents via Conversational Botscited by 0
  30. 2022BigText-QA: Question Answering over a Large-Scale Hybrid Knowledge Graphcited by 0
  31. 2023Designing a Communication Bridge between Communities: Participatory Design for a Question-Answering AI Agentcited by 0
  32. 2024Enterprise Use Cases Combining Knowledge Graphs and Natural Language Processingcited by 0
  33. 2024DIM: Dynamic Integration of Multimodal Entity Linking with Large Language Modelcited by 0
  34. 2025Beyond Single Pass, Looping Through Time: KG-IRAG with Iterative Knowledge Retrievalcited by 0
  35. 2025Re-Initialization Token Learning for Tool-Augmented Large Language Modelscited by 0