On Efficient Reinforcement Learning for Full-length Game of StarCraft II
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Abstract (arXiv)
StarCraft II (SC2) poses a grand challenge for reinforcement learning (RL), of which the main difficulties include huge state space, varying action space, and a long time horizon. In this work, we investigate a set of RL techniques for the full-length game of StarCraft II. We investigate a hierarchical RL approach involving extracted macro-actions and a hierarchical architecture of neural networks. We investigate a curriculum transfer training procedure and train the agent on a single machine with 4 GPUs and 48 CPU threads. On a 64x64 map and using restrictive units, we achieve a win rate of 99% against the level-1 built-in AI. Through the curriculum transfer learning algorithm and a mixture of combat models, we achieve a 93% win rate against the most difficult non-cheating level built-in AI (level-7). In this extended version of the paper, we improve our architecture to train the agent against the cheating level AIs and achieve the win rate against the level-8, level-9, and level-10 AIs as 96%, 97%, and 94%, respectively. Our codes are at https://github.com/liuruoze/HierNet-SC2. To provide a baseline referring the AlphaStar for our work as well as the research and open-source community, we reproduce a scaled-down version of it, mini-AlphaStar (mAS). The latest version of mAS is 1.07, which can be trained on the raw action space which has 564 actions. It is designed to run training on a single common machine, by making the hyper-parameters adjustable. We then compare our work with mAS using the same resources and show that our method is more effective. The codes of mini-AlphaStar are at https://github.com/liuruoze/mini-AlphaStar. We hope our study could shed some light on the future research of efficient reinforcement learning on SC2 and other large-scale games.
Key facts. Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 23 of its 43 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 Sep 2022.
Builds on
23 of 43 references.
References · 23
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11 more
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 2; 2025: 8; 2026: 2.
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- 2024SwarmBrain: Embodied agent for real-time strategy game StarCraft II via large language modelscited by 19
- 2024SMAC-R1: The Emergence of Intelligence in Decision-Making Taskscited by 6
- 2025Reflection of Episodes: Learning to Play Game from Expert and Self Experiencescited by 4
- 2025Model-Free Robust Average-Reward Reinforcement Learning with Sample Complexity Analysiscited by 3
- 2025EvoCurr: Self-evolving Curriculum with Behavior Code Generation for Complex Decision-makingcited by 3
- 2025Adaptive Command: Real-Time Policy Adjustment via Language Models in StarCraft IIcited by 3
- 2025Optimizing Quantum Circuits via ZX Diagrams using Reinforcement Learning and Graph Neural Networkscited by 2
- 2025TacticCraft: Natural Language-Driven Tactical Adaptation for StarCraft IIcited by 2
- 2023Element-Wise Attention Layers: an option for optimizationcited by 1
- 2023Recent Trends in Artificial Intelligence Technology: A Scoping Reviewcited by 1
- 2025StarBench: A Turn-Based RPG Benchmark for Agentic Multimodal Decision-Making and Information Seekingcited by 1
- 2025Enhancing Deep Deterministic Policy Gradients on Continuous Control Tasks with Decoupled Prioritized Experience Replaycited by 0
- 2026Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning in StarCraft Micromanagement with Influence Maps and Cluster-based Scripts29 Jun 2026
- 2026Two-Bridge: Exclusive Objectives and Extended Horizon StarCraft II Benchmark19 Feb 2026
- 2025Enhancing Deep Deterministic Policy Gradients on Continuous Control Tasks with Decoupled Prioritized Experience Replay4 Dec 2025
- 2025StarBench: A Turn-Based RPG Benchmark for Agentic Multimodal Decision-Making and Information Seeking21 Oct 2025
- 2025EvoCurr: Self-evolving Curriculum with Behavior Code Generation for Complex Decision-making13 Aug 2025
- 2025Adaptive Command: Real-Time Policy Adjustment via Language Models in StarCraft II5 Aug 2025
- 2025TacticCraft: Natural Language-Driven Tactical Adaptation for StarCraft II21 Jul 2025
- 2025Model-Free Robust Average-Reward Reinforcement Learning with Sample Complexity Analysis18 May 2025
- 2025Optimizing Quantum Circuits via ZX Diagrams using Reinforcement Learning and Graph Neural Networks4 Apr 2025
- 2025Reflection of Episodes: Learning to Play Game from Expert and Self Experiences19 Feb 2025
- 2024SMAC-R1: The Emergence of Intelligence in Decision-Making Tasks21 Oct 2024
- 2024SwarmBrain: Embodied agent for real-time strategy game StarCraft II via large language models31 Jan 2024
2 more
- 2025Model-Free Robust Average-Reward Reinforcement Learning with Sample Complexity Analysiscited by 3
- 2025Optimizing Quantum Circuits via ZX Diagrams using Reinforcement Learning and Graph Neural Networkscited by 2
- 2025Enhancing Deep Deterministic Policy Gradients on Continuous Control Tasks with Decoupled Prioritized Experience Replaycited by 0
- 2026Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning in StarCraft Micromanagement with Influence Maps and Cluster-based Scriptscited by 0
- 2026Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning in StarCraft Micromanagement with Influence Maps and Cluster-based Scripts29 Jun 2026
- 2025Enhancing Deep Deterministic Policy Gradients on Continuous Control Tasks with Decoupled Prioritized Experience Replay4 Dec 2025
- 2025Model-Free Robust Average-Reward Reinforcement Learning with Sample Complexity Analysis18 May 2025
- 2025Optimizing Quantum Circuits via ZX Diagrams using Reinforcement Learning and Graph Neural Networks4 Apr 2025
- 2024SMAC-R1: The Emergence of Intelligence in Decision-Making Taskscited by 6
- 2025Reflection of Episodes: Learning to Play Game from Expert and Self Experiencescited by 4
- 2025Adaptive Command: Real-Time Policy Adjustment via Language Models in StarCraft IIcited by 3
- 2025TacticCraft: Natural Language-Driven Tactical Adaptation for StarCraft IIcited by 2
- 2023Element-Wise Attention Layers: an option for optimizationcited by 1
- 2023Recent Trends in Artificial Intelligence Technology: A Scoping Reviewcited by 1
- 2026Two-Bridge: Exclusive Objectives and Extended Horizon StarCraft II Benchmarkcited by 0
- 2026Two-Bridge: Exclusive Objectives and Extended Horizon StarCraft II Benchmark19 Feb 2026
- 2025Adaptive Command: Real-Time Policy Adjustment via Language Models in StarCraft II5 Aug 2025
- 2025TacticCraft: Natural Language-Driven Tactical Adaptation for StarCraft II21 Jul 2025
- 2025Reflection of Episodes: Learning to Play Game from Expert and Self Experiences19 Feb 2025
- 2024SMAC-R1: The Emergence of Intelligence in Decision-Making Tasks21 Oct 2024
- 2023Recent Trends in Artificial Intelligence Technology: A Scoping Review8 May 2023
- 2023Element-Wise Attention Layers: an option for optimization10 Feb 2023