TStarBots: Defeating the Cheating Level Builtin AI in StarCraft II in the Full Game
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Abstract (arXiv)
Starcraft II (SC2) is widely considered as the most challenging Real Time Strategy (RTS) game. The underlying challenges include a large observation space, a huge (continuous and infinite) action space, partial observations, simultaneous move for all players, and long horizon delayed rewards for local decisions. To push the frontier of AI research, Deepmind and Blizzard jointly developed the StarCraft II Learning Environment (SC2LE) as a testbench of complex decision making systems. SC2LE provides a few mini games such as MoveToBeacon, CollectMineralShards, and DefeatRoaches, where some AI agents have achieved the performance level of human professional players. However, for full games, the current AI agents are still far from achieving human professional level performance. To bridge this gap, we present two full game AI agents in this paper - the AI agent TStarBot1 is based on deep reinforcement learning over a flat action structure, and the AI agent TStarBot2 is based on hard-coded rules over a hierarchical action structure. Both TStarBot1 and TStarBot2 are able to defeat the built-in AI agents from level 1 to level 10 in a full game (1v1 Zerg-vs-Zerg game on the AbyssalReef map), noting that level 8, level 9, and level 10 are cheating agents with unfair advantages such as full vision on the whole map and resource harvest boosting. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first public work to investigate AI agents that can defeat the built-in AI in the StarCraft II full game.
Key facts. Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 19 Sep 2018.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 5; 2022: 3; 2023: 0; 2024: 2; 2025: 2; 2026: 2.
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- 2022A Review of Safe Reinforcement Learning: Methods, Theory and Applicationscited by 169
- 2021Gym-μRTS: Toward Affordable Full Game Real-time Strategy Games Research with Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 19
- 2022On Efficient Reinforcement Learning for Full-length Game of StarCraft IIcited by 14
- 2021An Introduction of mini-AlphaStarcited by 10
- 2022Toward Causal-Aware RL: State-Wise Action-Refined Temporal Differencecited by 6
- 2021On games and simulators as a platform for development of artificial intelligence for command and controlcited by 3
- 2025Memory-Augmented State Machine Prompting: A Novel LLM Agent Framework for Real-Time Strategy Gamescited by 2
- 2021Rethinking of AlphaStarcited by 1
- 2024A Survey for Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Network Intrusion Detectioncited by 1
- 2025Overcoming Environmental Meta-Stationarity in MARL via Adaptive Curriculum and Counterfactual Group Advantagecited by 1
- 2021Applying supervised and reinforcement learning methods to create neural-network-based agents for playing StarCraft IIcited by 0
- 2024Causality-Driven Reinforcement Learning for Joint Communication and Sensingcited by 0
- 2026Compiled Agency: Frontier General-Purpose Coding Agents Build Winning Game Players from Bare Interaction - from Flappy Bird to StarCraft II and Civilization17 Jul 2026
- 2026Two-Bridge: Exclusive Objectives and Extended Horizon StarCraft II Benchmark19 Feb 2026
- 2025Memory-Augmented State Machine Prompting: A Novel LLM Agent Framework for Real-Time Strategy Games21 Oct 2025
- 2025Overcoming Environmental Meta-Stationarity in MARL via Adaptive Curriculum and Counterfactual Group Advantage9 Jun 2025
- 2024A Survey for Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Network Intrusion Detection25 Sep 2024
- 2024Causality-Driven Reinforcement Learning for Joint Communication and Sensing7 Sep 2024
- 2022On Efficient Reinforcement Learning for Full-length Game of StarCraft II23 Sep 2022
- 2022A Review of Safe Reinforcement Learning: Methods, Theory and Applications20 May 2022
- 2022Toward Causal-Aware RL: State-Wise Action-Refined Temporal Difference2 Jan 2022
- 2021On games and simulators as a platform for development of artificial intelligence for command and control21 Oct 2021
- 2021Applying supervised and reinforcement learning methods to create neural-network-based agents for playing StarCraft II26 Sep 2021
- 2021Rethinking of AlphaStar7 Aug 2021
2 more
- 2022A Review of Safe Reinforcement Learning: Methods, Theory and Applicationscited by 169
- 2021Gym-μRTS: Toward Affordable Full Game Real-time Strategy Games Research with Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 19
- 2022On Efficient Reinforcement Learning for Full-length Game of StarCraft IIcited by 14
- 2021An Introduction of mini-AlphaStarcited by 10
- 2022Toward Causal-Aware RL: State-Wise Action-Refined Temporal Differencecited by 6
- 2021On games and simulators as a platform for development of artificial intelligence for command and controlcited by 3
- 2021Rethinking of AlphaStarcited by 1
- 2024A Survey for Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Network Intrusion Detectioncited by 1
- 2025Overcoming Environmental Meta-Stationarity in MARL via Adaptive Curriculum and Counterfactual Group Advantagecited by 1
- 2021Applying supervised and reinforcement learning methods to create neural-network-based agents for playing StarCraft IIcited by 0
- 2024Causality-Driven Reinforcement Learning for Joint Communication and Sensingcited by 0
- 2026Two-Bridge: Exclusive Objectives and Extended Horizon StarCraft II Benchmarkcited by 0
- 2026Two-Bridge: Exclusive Objectives and Extended Horizon StarCraft II Benchmark19 Feb 2026
- 2025Overcoming Environmental Meta-Stationarity in MARL via Adaptive Curriculum and Counterfactual Group Advantage9 Jun 2025
- 2024A Survey for Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Network Intrusion Detection25 Sep 2024
- 2024Causality-Driven Reinforcement Learning for Joint Communication and Sensing7 Sep 2024
- 2022On Efficient Reinforcement Learning for Full-length Game of StarCraft II23 Sep 2022
- 2022A Review of Safe Reinforcement Learning: Methods, Theory and Applications20 May 2022
- 2022Toward Causal-Aware RL: State-Wise Action-Refined Temporal Difference2 Jan 2022
- 2021On games and simulators as a platform for development of artificial intelligence for command and control21 Oct 2021
- 2021Applying supervised and reinforcement learning methods to create neural-network-based agents for playing StarCraft II26 Sep 2021
- 2021Rethinking of AlphaStar7 Aug 2021
- 2021Gym-μRTS: Toward Affordable Full Game Real-time Strategy Games Research with Deep Reinforcement Learning21 May 2021
- 2021An Introduction of mini-AlphaStar14 Apr 2021