mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Engineering Sketch Generation for Computer-Aided Design

arXiv 2104.09621 ↗First posted 19 Apr 2021cs.LG cs.CV cs.GRcited by 49

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Abstract (arXiv)

Engineering sketches form the 2D basis of parametric Computer-Aided Design (CAD), the foremost modeling paradigm for manufactured objects. In this paper we tackle the problem of learning based engineering sketch generation as a first step towards synthesis and composition of parametric CAD models. We propose two generative models, CurveGen and TurtleGen, for engineering sketch generation. Both models generate curve primitives without the need for a sketch constraint solver and explicitly consider topology for downstream use with constraints and 3D CAD modeling operations. We find in our perceptual evaluation using human subjects that both CurveGen and TurtleGen produce more realistic engineering sketches when compared with the current state-of-the-art for engineering sketch generation.

Key facts. Cited by 49 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 25 of its 39 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Apr 2021.

Builds on

25 of 39 references.

References · 25

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2019The Curious Case of Neural Text Degenerationcited by 2,881
  3. 2020PolyGen: An Autoregressive Generative Model of 3D Meshescited by 267
  4. 2020DreamCoder: Growing generalizable, interpretable knowledge with wake-sleep Bayesian program learningcited by 159
  5. 2020DeepSVG: A Hierarchical Generative Network for Vector Graphics Animationcited by 158
  6. 2019LayoutGAN: Generating Graphic Layouts with Wireframe Discriminatorscited by 130
  7. 2021Im2Vec: Synthesizing Vector Graphics without Vector Supervisioncited by 114
  8. 2017CSGNet: Neural Shape Parser for Constructive Solid Geometrycited by 106
  9. 2020ParSeNet: A Parametric Surface Fitting Network for 3D Point Cloudscited by 96
  10. 2019Write, Execute, Assess: Program Synthesis with a REPLcited by 92
  11. 2019A Learned Representation for Scalable Vector Graphicscited by 91
  12. 2018Supervised Fitting of Geometric Primitives to 3D Point Cloudscited by 90
13 more
  1. 2020House-GAN: Relational Generative Adversarial Networks for Graph-constrained House Layout Generationcited by 86
  2. 2019Neural Design Network: Graphic Layout Generation with Constraintscited by 83
  3. 2020UCSG-Net -- Unsupervised Discovering of Constructive Solid Geometry Treecited by 77
  4. 2017Learning to Infer Graphics Programs from Hand-Drawn Imagescited by 73
  5. 2020SketchGraphs: A Large-Scale Dataset for Modeling Relational Geometry in Computer-Aided Designcited by 72
  6. 2019Learning to Infer and Execute 3D Shape Programscited by 68
  7. 2020PIE-NET: Parametric Inference of Point Cloud Edgescited by 67
  8. 2020Deep Learning for Free-Hand Sketch: A Surveycited by 59
  9. 2020Airfoil Design Parameterization and Optimization using B'ezier Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 35
  10. 2019Deep Parametric Shape Predictions using Distance Fieldscited by 30
  11. 2020Deep Vectorization of Technical Drawingscited by 23
  12. 2020SPARE3D: A Dataset for SPAtial REasoning on Three-View Line Drawingscited by 10
  13. 2019DeepSpline: Data-Driven Reconstruction of Parametric Curves and Surfacescited by 9

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 6; 2022: 8; 2023: 7; 2024: 13; 2025: 10; 2026: 5.

49 papers.

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  1. 2021DeepCAD: A Deep Generative Network for Computer-Aided Design Modelscited by 266
  2. 2022SkexGen: Autoregressive Generation of CAD Construction Sequences with Disentangled Codebookscited by 121
  3. 2024BrepGen: A B-rep Generative Diffusion Model with Structured Latent Geometrycited by 101
  4. 2023Hierarchical Neural Coding for Controllable CAD Model Generationcited by 84
  5. 2021Computer-Aided Design as Languagecited by 82
  6. 2022SolidGen: An Autoregressive Model for Direct B-rep Synthesiscited by 78
  7. 2021BLT: Bidirectional Layout Transformer for Controllable Layout Generationcited by 69
  8. 2021SketchGen: Generating Constrained CAD Sketchescited by 68
  9. 2021Vitruvion: A Generative Model of Parametric CAD Sketchescited by 66
  10. 2025CAD-Llama: Leveraging Large Language Models for Computer-Aided Design Parametric 3D Model Generationcited by 65
  11. 2021Point2Cyl: Reverse Engineering 3D Objects from Point Clouds to Extrusion Cylinderscited by 59
  12. 2025Text-to-CAD Generation Through Infusing Visual Feedback in Large Language Modelscited by 43
37 more
  1. 2022Reconstructing editable prismatic CAD from rounded voxel modelscited by 41
  2. 2023EigenTrajectory: Low-Rank Descriptors for Multi-Modal Trajectory Forecastingcited by 41
  3. 2025CAD-Coder: An Open-Source Vision-Language Model for Computer-Aided Design Code Generationcited by 39
  4. 2025CADCrafter: Generating Computer-Aided Design Models from Unconstrained Imagescited by 31
  5. 2024CadVLM: Bridging Language and Vision in the Generation of Parametric CAD Sketchescited by 28
  6. 2024OpenECAD: An Efficient Visual Language Model for Editable 3D-CAD Designcited by 26
  7. 2024Text2CAD: Generating Sequential CAD Models from Beginner-to-Expert Level Text Promptscited by 22
  8. 2024Large Language Model Agent as a Mechanical Designercited by 20
  9. 2023SHARP Challenge 2023: Solving CAD History and pArameters Recovery from Point clouds and 3D scans. Overview, Datasets, Metrics, and Baselinescited by 19
  10. 2022Neural Face Identification in a 2D Wireframe Projection of a Manifold Objectcited by 18
  11. 2022ComplexGen: CAD Reconstruction by B-Rep Chain Complex Generationcited by 17
  12. 2024From 2D CAD Drawings to 3D Parametric Models: A Vision-Language Approachcited by 15
  13. 2024Geometric Deep Learning for Computer-Aided Design: A Surveycited by 14
  14. 2023AircraftVerse: A Large-Scale Multimodal Dataset of Aerial Vehicle Designscited by 13
  15. 2022Discovering Design Concepts for CAD Sketchescited by 10
  16. 2024PICASSO: A Feed-Forward Framework for Parametric Inference of CAD Sketches via Rendering Self-Supervisioncited by 9
  17. 2023PlankAssembly: Robust 3D Reconstruction from Three Orthographic Views with Learnt Shape Programscited by 8
  18. 2024Freehand Sketch Generation from Mechanical Componentscited by 8
  19. 2025Aligning Constraint Generation with Design Intent in Parametric CADcited by 8
  20. 2024Parametric Primitive Analysis of CAD Sketches with Vision Transformercited by 7
  21. 2024DAVINCI: A Single-Stage Architecture for Constrained CAD Sketch Inferencecited by 6
  22. 2025Revisiting CAD Model Generation by Learning Raster Sketchcited by 6
  23. 2025SketchDNN: Joint Continuous-Discrete Diffusion for CAD Sketch Generationcited by 5
  24. 2025Autoregressive Generation of Static and Growing Treescited by 3
  25. 2022Design of Unmanned Air Vehicles Using Transformer Surrogate Modelscited by 2
  26. 2025Target-Guided Bayesian Flow Networks for Quantitatively Constrained CAD Generationcited by 2
  27. 2022Deep Learning Assisted Optimization for 3D Reconstruction from Single 2D Line Drawingscited by 1
  28. 2023PPI-NET: End-to-End Parametric Primitive Inferencecited by 1
  29. 2023Automatic Reverse Engineering: Creating computer-aided design (CAD) models from multi-view imagescited by 1
  30. 2024Detecting Generative Parroting through Overfitting Masked Autoencoderscited by 1
  31. 2024Constraint-Aware Feature Learning for Parametric Point Cloudcited by 1
  32. 2025B-Rep Distance Functions (BR-DF): How to Represent a B-Rep Model by Volumetric Distance Functions?cited by 1
  33. 2026Draw it like Euclid: Teaching transformer models to generate CAD profiles using ruler and compass construction stepscited by 1
  34. 2026HierCAD: Hierarchical Text-to-CAD Design via Structure Alignment and Parameter Groundingcited by 1
  35. 2026GeoFusion-CAD: Structure-Aware Diffusion with Geometric State Space for Parametric 3D Designcited by 0
  36. 2026GuideCAD: A Lightweight Multimodal Framework for 3D CAD Model Generation via Prefix Embeddingcited by 0
  37. 2026AgenticCADedit: A Stateful, Tool-Mediated Agentic Approach to Multimodal 3D CAD Editingcited by 0