Multimodal Semi-Supervised Learning for 3D Objects
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Abstract (arXiv)
In recent years, semi-supervised learning has been widely explored and shows excellent data efficiency for 2D data. There is an emerging need to improve data efficiency for 3D tasks due to the scarcity of labeled 3D data. This paper explores how the coherence of different modelities of 3D data (e.g. point cloud, image, and mesh) can be used to improve data efficiency for both 3D classification and retrieval tasks. We propose a novel multimodal semi-supervised learning framework by introducing instance-level consistency constraint and a novel multimodal contrastive prototype (M2CP) loss. The instance-level consistency enforces the network to generate consistent representations for multimodal data of the same object regardless of its modality. The M2CP maintains a multimodal prototype for each class and learns features with small intra-class variations by minimizing the feature distance of each object to its prototype while maximizing the distance to the others. Our proposed framework significantly outperforms all the state-of-the-art counterparts for both classification and retrieval tasks by a large margin on the modelNet10 and ModelNet40 datasets.
Key facts. Cited by 24 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 49 of its 59 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Oct 2021.
Builds on
49 of 59 references.
References · 49
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37 more
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 2; 2023: 7; 2024: 12; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
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- 2022ULIP: Learning a Unified Representation of Language, Images, and Point Clouds for 3D Understandingcited by 262
- 2023Bridging the Domain Gap: Self-Supervised 3D Scene Understanding with Foundation Modelscited by 26
- 2024MemoryMamba: Memory-Augmented State Space Model for Defect Recognitioncited by 24
- 2023CVRecon: Rethinking 3D Geometric Feature Learning For Neural Reconstructioncited by 16
- 2024Cross-Task Multi-Branch Vision Transformer for Facial Expression and Mask Wearing Classificationcited by 16
- 2024Incremental Joint Learning of Depth, Pose and Implicit Scene Representation on Monocular Camera in Large-scale Scenescited by 15
- 2024Event-guided Low-light Video Semantic Segmentationcited by 14
- 2022Class-Level Confidence Based 3D Semi-Supervised Learningcited by 13
- 2023Beyond First Impressions: Integrating Joint Multi-modal Cues for Comprehensive 3D Representationcited by 12
- 2024Cross-Modality Gait Recognition: Bridging LiDAR and Camera Modalities for Human Identificationcited by 10
- 2024TokenUnify: Scaling Up Autoregressive Pretraining for Neuron Segmentationcited by 7
- 2024Exploiting Diffusion Prior for Out-of-Distribution Detectioncited by 7
12 more
- 2024SAM-Guided Masked Token Prediction for 3D Scene Understandingcited by 3
- 2025Multimodal Representation Learning and Fusioncited by 3
- 2023Point Cloud Self-supervised Learning via 3D to Multi-view Masked Learnercited by 2
- 2024Improving 3D Semi-supervised Learning by Effectively Utilizing All Unlabelled Datacited by 2
- 2024Data-driven Probabilistic Trajectory Learning with High Temporal Resolution in Terminal Airspacecited by 2
- 2023Unsupervised Gait Recognition with Selective Fusioncited by 1
- 2023Instance-Variant Loss with Gaussian RBF Kernel for 3D Cross-modal Retrivealcited by 1
- 2023JM3D & JM3D-LLM: Elevating 3D Understanding with Joint Multi-modal Cuescited by 1
- 2024DyConfidMatch: Dynamic Thresholding and Re-sampling for 3D Semi-supervised Learningcited by 1
- 2025Learning Flow-Guided Registration for RGB-Event Semantic Segmentationcited by 1
- 2026An Adapter-free Fine-tuning Approach for Tuning 3D Foundation Modelscited by 1
- 2024Cross-Modality Clustering-based Self-Labeling for Multimodal Data Classificationcited by 0
- 2026An Adapter-free Fine-tuning Approach for Tuning 3D Foundation Models24 Mar 2026
- 2025Multimodal Representation Learning and Fusion25 Jun 2025
- 2025Learning Flow-Guided Registration for RGB-Event Semantic Segmentation2 May 2025
- 2024DyConfidMatch: Dynamic Thresholding and Re-sampling for 3D Semi-supervised Learning13 Nov 2024
- 2024Event-guided Low-light Video Semantic Segmentation1 Nov 2024
- 2024SAM-Guided Masked Token Prediction for 3D Scene Understanding16 Oct 2024
- 2024Data-driven Probabilistic Trajectory Learning with High Temporal Resolution in Terminal Airspace25 Sep 2024
- 2024Improving 3D Semi-supervised Learning by Effectively Utilizing All Unlabelled Data21 Sep 2024
- 2024Cross-Modality Clustering-based Self-Labeling for Multimodal Data Classification5 Aug 2024
- 2024Exploiting Diffusion Prior for Out-of-Distribution Detection16 Jun 2024
- 2024TokenUnify: Scaling Up Autoregressive Pretraining for Neuron Segmentation27 May 2024
- 2024MemoryMamba: Memory-Augmented State Space Model for Defect Recognition6 May 2024
12 more
- 2024Cross-Task Multi-Branch Vision Transformer for Facial Expression and Mask Wearing Classification22 Apr 2024
- 2024Incremental Joint Learning of Depth, Pose and Implicit Scene Representation on Monocular Camera in Large-scale Scenes9 Apr 2024
- 2024Cross-Modality Gait Recognition: Bridging LiDAR and Camera Modalities for Human Identification4 Apr 2024
- 2023Point Cloud Self-supervised Learning via 3D to Multi-view Masked Learner17 Nov 2023
- 2023JM3D & JM3D-LLM: Elevating 3D Understanding with Joint Multi-modal Cues14 Oct 2023
- 2023Beyond First Impressions: Integrating Joint Multi-modal Cues for Comprehensive 3D Representation6 Aug 2023
- 2023Bridging the Domain Gap: Self-Supervised 3D Scene Understanding with Foundation Models15 May 2023
- 2023Instance-Variant Loss with Gaussian RBF Kernel for 3D Cross-modal Retriveal7 May 2023
- 2023CVRecon: Rethinking 3D Geometric Feature Learning For Neural Reconstruction28 Apr 2023
- 2023Unsupervised Gait Recognition with Selective Fusion19 Mar 2023
- 2022ULIP: Learning a Unified Representation of Language, Images, and Point Clouds for 3D Understanding10 Dec 2022
- 2022Class-Level Confidence Based 3D Semi-Supervised Learning18 Oct 2022
- 2024Exploiting Diffusion Prior for Out-of-Distribution Detection16 Jun 2024
- 2022ULIP: Learning a Unified Representation of Language, Images, and Point Clouds for 3D Understandingcited by 262
- 2023Bridging the Domain Gap: Self-Supervised 3D Scene Understanding with Foundation Modelscited by 26
- 2024MemoryMamba: Memory-Augmented State Space Model for Defect Recognitioncited by 24
- 2023CVRecon: Rethinking 3D Geometric Feature Learning For Neural Reconstructioncited by 16
- 2024Cross-Task Multi-Branch Vision Transformer for Facial Expression and Mask Wearing Classificationcited by 16
- 2024Incremental Joint Learning of Depth, Pose and Implicit Scene Representation on Monocular Camera in Large-scale Scenescited by 15
- 2024Event-guided Low-light Video Semantic Segmentationcited by 14
- 2022Class-Level Confidence Based 3D Semi-Supervised Learningcited by 13
- 2024Cross-Modality Gait Recognition: Bridging LiDAR and Camera Modalities for Human Identificationcited by 10
- 2024TokenUnify: Scaling Up Autoregressive Pretraining for Neuron Segmentationcited by 7
- 2024SAM-Guided Masked Token Prediction for 3D Scene Understandingcited by 3
- 2025Multimodal Representation Learning and Fusioncited by 3
12 most cited of 22 All 22 (JSON)
- 2026An Adapter-free Fine-tuning Approach for Tuning 3D Foundation Models24 Mar 2026
- 2025Multimodal Representation Learning and Fusion25 Jun 2025
- 2025Learning Flow-Guided Registration for RGB-Event Semantic Segmentation2 May 2025
- 2024DyConfidMatch: Dynamic Thresholding and Re-sampling for 3D Semi-supervised Learning13 Nov 2024
- 2024Event-guided Low-light Video Semantic Segmentation1 Nov 2024
- 2024SAM-Guided Masked Token Prediction for 3D Scene Understanding16 Oct 2024
- 2024Data-driven Probabilistic Trajectory Learning with High Temporal Resolution in Terminal Airspace25 Sep 2024
- 2024Improving 3D Semi-supervised Learning by Effectively Utilizing All Unlabelled Data21 Sep 2024
- 2024Cross-Modality Clustering-based Self-Labeling for Multimodal Data Classification5 Aug 2024
- 2024TokenUnify: Scaling Up Autoregressive Pretraining for Neuron Segmentation27 May 2024
- 2024MemoryMamba: Memory-Augmented State Space Model for Defect Recognition6 May 2024
- 2024Cross-Task Multi-Branch Vision Transformer for Facial Expression and Mask Wearing Classification22 Apr 2024
12 newest of 22 All 22 (JSON)