SESS: Self-Ensembling Semi-Supervised 3D Object Detection
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
The performance of existing point cloud-based 3D object detection methods heavily relies on large-scale high-quality 3D annotations. However, such annotations are often tedious and expensive to collect. Semi-supervised learning is a good alternative to mitigate the data annotation issue, but has remained largely unexplored in 3D object detection. Inspired by the recent success of self-ensembling technique in semi-supervised image classification task, we propose SESS, a self-ensembling semi-supervised 3D object detection framework. Specifically, we design a thorough perturbation scheme to enhance generalization of the network on unlabeled and new unseen data. Furthermore, we propose three consistency losses to enforce the consistency between two sets of predicted 3D object proposals, to facilitate the learning of structure and semantic invariances of objects. Extensive experiments conducted on SUN RGB-D and ScanNet datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of SESS in both inductive and transductive semi-supervised 3D object detection. Our SESS achieves competitive performance compared to the state-of-the-art fully-supervised method by using only 50% labeled data. Our code is available at https://github.com/Na-Z/sess.
Key facts. Cited by 89 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 26 Dec 2019.
Builds on
No reference list yet.
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2021: 12; 2022: 21; 2023: 18; 2024: 23; 2025: 9; 2026: 6.
89 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2021A Survey on Deep Semi-supervised Learningcited by 250
- 2021One Million Scenes for Autonomous Driving: ONCE Datasetcited by 218
- 2022Not All Points Are Equal: Learning Highly Efficient Point-based Detectors for 3D LiDAR Point Cloudscited by 131
- 2021SE-SSD: Self-Ensembling Single-Stage Object Detector From Point Cloudcited by 119
- 2021Guided Point Contrastive Learning for Semi-supervised Point Cloud Semantic Segmentationcited by 87
- 2023Virtual Sparse Convolution for Multimodal 3D Object Detectioncited by 81
- 2021EfficientLPS: Efficient LiDAR Panoptic Segmentationcited by 76
- 20223D Object Detection from Images for Autonomous Driving: A Surveycited by 66
- 2022Semi-supervised 3D Object Detection with Proficient Teacherscited by 45
- 2023SAMPro3D: Locating SAM Prompts in 3D for Zero-Shot Instance Segmentationcited by 44
- 2022SSDA3D: Semi-supervised Domain Adaptation for 3D Object Detection from Point Cloudcited by 37
- 20213D Spatial Recognition without Spatially Labeled 3Dcited by 31
38 more
- 2021FGR: Frustum-Aware Geometric Reasoning for Weakly Supervised 3D Vehicle Detectioncited by 29
- 2022Spatial Pruned Sparse Convolution for Efficient 3D Object Detectioncited by 26
- 2021Multimodal Semi-Supervised Learning for 3D Objectscited by 24
- 2023Hierarchical Supervision and Shuffle Data Augmentation for 3D Semi-Supervised Object Detectioncited by 24
- 2022Mix-Teaching: A Simple, Unified and Effective Semi-Supervised Learning Framework for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 23
- 2022DetMatch: Two Teachers are Better Than One for Joint 2D and 3D Semi-Supervised Object Detectioncited by 20
- 2023A Survey of Label-Efficient Deep Learning for 3D Point Cloudscited by 20
- 2023From Semi-supervised to Omni-supervised Room Layout Estimation Using Point Cloudscited by 18
- 2023DDS3D: Dense Pseudo-Labels with Dynamic Threshold for Semi-Supervised 3D Object Detectioncited by 18
- 2022Back to Reality: Weakly-supervised 3D Object Detection with Shape-guided Label Enhancementcited by 17
- 2023DQS3D: Densely-matched Quantization-aware Semi-supervised 3D Detectioncited by 16
- 2021Point Cloud Instance Segmentation with Semi-supervised Bounding-Box Miningcited by 15
- 2021Semi-supervised 3D Object Detection via Adaptive Pseudo-Labelingcited by 14
- 2023An Effective Motion-Centric Paradigm for 3D Single Object Tracking in Point Cloudscited by 14
- 2023Diffusion-SS3D: Diffusion Model for Semi-supervised 3D Object Detectioncited by 14
- 2024Unlocking Textual and Visual Wisdom: Open-Vocabulary 3D Object Detection Enhanced by Comprehensive Guidance from Text and Imagecited by 14
- 2022Class-Level Confidence Based 3D Semi-Supervised Learningcited by 13
- 2023MixTeacher: Mining Promising Labels with Mixed Scale Teacher for Semi-Supervised Object Detectioncited by 13
- 2024Commonsense Prototype for Outdoor Unsupervised 3D Object Detectioncited by 13
- 2022Semi-Supervised Temporal Action Detection with Proposal-Free Maskingcited by 10
- 2025AugRefer: Advancing 3D Visual Grounding via Cross-Modal Augmentation and Spatial Relation-based Referringcited by 10
- 2024Dual-Perspective Knowledge Enrichment for Semi-Supervised 3D Object Detectioncited by 9
- 2024MixSup: Mixed-grained Supervision for Label-efficient LiDAR-based 3D Object Detectioncited by 9
- 2024Semi-supervised 3D Object Detection with PatchTeacher and PillarMixcited by 9
- 2023Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation via Marginal Contextual Informationcited by 8
- 2024Hardness-Aware Scene Synthesis for Semi-Supervised 3D Object Detectioncited by 7
- 2024Diff3DETR:Agent-based Diffusion Model for Semi-supervised 3D Object Detectioncited by 7
- 2025Learning to Detect Objects from Multi-Agent LiDAR Scans without Manual Labelscited by 7
- 2025Uncertainty Meets Diversity: A Comprehensive Active Learning Framework for Indoor 3D Object Detectioncited by 7
- 2022CrossRectify: Leveraging Disagreement for Semi-supervised Object Detectioncited by 6
- 2023Not Every Side Is Equal: Localization Uncertainty Estimation for Semi-Supervised 3D Object Detectioncited by 6
- 2025SP3D: Boosting Sparsely-Supervised 3D Object Detection via Accurate Cross-Modal Semantic Promptscited by 6
- 2022Reconstruction-Aware Prior Distillation for Semi-supervised Point Cloud Completioncited by 5
- 2024Weak-to-Strong 3D Object Detection with X-Ray Distillationcited by 5
- 2022DA-CIL: Towards Domain Adaptive Class-Incremental 3D Object Detectioncited by 4
- 2025LiDAR Remote Sensing Meets Weak Supervision: Concepts, Methods, and Perspectivescited by 4
- 2022Open-Set Semi-Supervised Learning for 3D Point Cloud Understandingcited by 3
- 2022Teachers in concordance for pseudo-labeling of 3D sequential datacited by 3
50 most cited of 89 All 89 (JSON)
- 2026GenCOPE: Syn2Real Generalized Category-Level Object Pose Estimation for Robotic Picking1 Oct 2026
- 2026Open-Vocabulary 3D Object Detection with Co-Distillation Discovery and Dual Guidance Robust Training20 Aug 2026
- 2026Breaking the Model Forgetting Cycle in Long-Incremental 3D Object Detection16 Jul 2026
- 2026PanDA: Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Multimodal 3D Panoptic Segmentation in Autonomous Driving21 Apr 2026
- 2026Few-Shot Incremental 3D Object Detection in Dynamic Indoor Environments9 Apr 2026
- 2026CCF: Complementary Collaborative Fusion for Domain Generalized Multi-Modal 3D Object Detection24 Mar 2026
- 2025GeoTeacher: Geometry-Guided Semi-Supervised 3D Object Detection29 Dec 2025
- 2025Learning Adaptive Pseudo-Label Selection for Semi-Supervised 3D Object Detection28 Sep 2025
- 20253DResT: A Strong Baseline for Semi-Supervised 3D Referring Expression Segmentation17 Apr 2025
- 2025LiDAR Remote Sensing Meets Weak Supervision: Concepts, Methods, and Perspectives24 Mar 2025
- 2025Uncertainty Meets Diversity: A Comprehensive Active Learning Framework for Indoor 3D Object Detection20 Mar 2025
- 2025Learning to Detect Objects from Multi-Agent LiDAR Scans without Manual Labels11 Mar 2025
38 more
- 2025SP3D: Boosting Sparsely-Supervised 3D Object Detection via Accurate Cross-Modal Semantic Prompts9 Mar 2025
- 2025Breaking the SSL-AL Barrier: A Synergistic Semi-Supervised Active Learning Framework for 3D Object Detection26 Jan 2025
- 2025AugRefer: Advancing 3D Visual Grounding via Cross-Modal Augmentation and Spatial Relation-based Referring16 Jan 2025
- 2024TSceneJAL: Joint Active Learning of Traffic Scenes for 3D Object Detection25 Dec 2024
- 2024Reflective Teacher: Semi-Supervised Multimodal 3D Object Detection in Bird's-Eye-View via Uncertainty Measure5 Dec 2024
- 2024DyConfidMatch: Dynamic Thresholding and Re-sampling for 3D Semi-supervised Learning13 Nov 2024
- 2024TrajSSL: Trajectory-Enhanced Semi-Supervised 3D Object Detection17 Sep 2024
- 2024Bayesian Self-Training for Semi-Supervised 3D Segmentation12 Sep 2024
- 2024Semi-Supervised 3D Object Detection with Channel Augmentation using Transformation Equivariance10 Sep 2024
- 2024CP-VoteNet: Contrastive Prototypical VoteNet for Few-Shot Point Cloud Object Detection30 Aug 2024
- 2024Diff3DETR:Agent-based Diffusion Model for Semi-supervised 3D Object Detection1 Aug 2024
- 2024Semi-supervised 3D Object Detection with PatchTeacher and PillarMix13 Jul 2024
- 2024Unlocking Textual and Visual Wisdom: Open-Vocabulary 3D Object Detection Enhanced by Comprehensive Guidance from Text and Image7 Jul 2024
- 2024Instance Consistency Regularization for Semi-Supervised 3D Instance Segmentation24 Jun 2024
- 2024Smart Feature is What You Need22 Jun 2024
- 2024Semi-Supervised Domain Adaptation Using Target-Oriented Domain Augmentation for 3D Object Detection17 Jun 2024
- 2024Hardness-Aware Scene Synthesis for Semi-Supervised 3D Object Detection27 May 2024
- 2024Reliable Student: Addressing Noise in Semi-Supervised 3D Object Detection27 Apr 2024
- 2024Commonsense Prototype for Outdoor Unsupervised 3D Object Detection25 Apr 2024
- 2024Label-Efficient 3D Object Detection For Road-Side Units9 Apr 2024
- 2024Weak-to-Strong 3D Object Detection with X-Ray Distillation31 Mar 2024
- 2024SSF3D: Strict Semi-Supervised 3D Object Detection with Switching Filter26 Mar 2024
- 2024Point-DETR3D: Leveraging Imagery Data with Spatial Point Prior for Weakly Semi-supervised 3D Object Detection22 Mar 2024
- 2024Are Dense Labels Always Necessary for 3D Object Detection from Point Cloud?5 Mar 2024
- 2024MixSup: Mixed-grained Supervision for Label-efficient LiDAR-based 3D Object Detection29 Jan 2024
- 2024Dual-Perspective Knowledge Enrichment for Semi-Supervised 3D Object Detection10 Jan 2024
- 2023Not Every Side Is Equal: Localization Uncertainty Estimation for Semi-Supervised 3D Object Detection16 Dec 2023
- 2023Weakly Supervised Point Cloud Segmentation via Conservative Propagation of Scene-level Labels11 Dec 2023
- 2023Diffusion-SS3D: Diffusion Model for Semi-supervised 3D Object Detection5 Dec 2023
- 2023Generalized Robot 3D Vision-Language Model with Fast Rendering and Pre-Training Vision-Language Alignment1 Dec 2023
- 2023SAMPro3D: Locating SAM Prompts in 3D for Zero-Shot Instance Segmentation29 Nov 2023
- 2023Refining the ONCE Benchmark with Hyperparameter Tuning10 Nov 2023
- 2023Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation via Marginal Contextual Information26 Aug 2023
- 2023A Survey of Label-Efficient Deep Learning for 3D Point Clouds31 May 2023
- 2023Meta-hallucinator: Towards Few-Shot Cross-Modality Cardiac Image Segmentation11 May 2023
- 2023DQS3D: Densely-matched Quantization-aware Semi-supervised 3D Detection25 Apr 2023
- 2023Hierarchical Supervision and Shuffle Data Augmentation for 3D Semi-Supervised Object Detection4 Apr 2023
- 2023IC-FPS: Instance-Centroid Faster Point Sampling Module for 3D Point-base Object Detection31 Mar 2023
50 newest of 89 All 89 (JSON)
- 2021A Survey on Deep Semi-supervised Learningcited by 250
- 2021One Million Scenes for Autonomous Driving: ONCE Datasetcited by 218
- 2022Not All Points Are Equal: Learning Highly Efficient Point-based Detectors for 3D LiDAR Point Cloudscited by 131
- 2021SE-SSD: Self-Ensembling Single-Stage Object Detector From Point Cloudcited by 119
- 2021Guided Point Contrastive Learning for Semi-supervised Point Cloud Semantic Segmentationcited by 87
- 2023Virtual Sparse Convolution for Multimodal 3D Object Detectioncited by 81
- 2021EfficientLPS: Efficient LiDAR Panoptic Segmentationcited by 76
- 20223D Object Detection from Images for Autonomous Driving: A Surveycited by 66
- 2022Semi-supervised 3D Object Detection with Proficient Teacherscited by 45
- 2023SAMPro3D: Locating SAM Prompts in 3D for Zero-Shot Instance Segmentationcited by 44
- 2022SSDA3D: Semi-supervised Domain Adaptation for 3D Object Detection from Point Cloudcited by 37
- 20213D Spatial Recognition without Spatially Labeled 3Dcited by 31
12 most cited of 86 All 86 (JSON)
- 2026GenCOPE: Syn2Real Generalized Category-Level Object Pose Estimation for Robotic Picking1 Oct 2026
- 2026Open-Vocabulary 3D Object Detection with Co-Distillation Discovery and Dual Guidance Robust Training20 Aug 2026
- 2026Breaking the Model Forgetting Cycle in Long-Incremental 3D Object Detection16 Jul 2026
- 2026PanDA: Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Multimodal 3D Panoptic Segmentation in Autonomous Driving21 Apr 2026
- 2026Few-Shot Incremental 3D Object Detection in Dynamic Indoor Environments9 Apr 2026
- 2026CCF: Complementary Collaborative Fusion for Domain Generalized Multi-Modal 3D Object Detection24 Mar 2026
- 2025GeoTeacher: Geometry-Guided Semi-Supervised 3D Object Detection29 Dec 2025
- 2025Learning Adaptive Pseudo-Label Selection for Semi-Supervised 3D Object Detection28 Sep 2025
- 20253DResT: A Strong Baseline for Semi-Supervised 3D Referring Expression Segmentation17 Apr 2025
- 2025LiDAR Remote Sensing Meets Weak Supervision: Concepts, Methods, and Perspectives24 Mar 2025
- 2025Uncertainty Meets Diversity: A Comprehensive Active Learning Framework for Indoor 3D Object Detection20 Mar 2025
- 2025Learning to Detect Objects from Multi-Agent LiDAR Scans without Manual Labels11 Mar 2025
12 newest of 86 All 86 (JSON)