mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

A Simple Semi-Supervised Learning Framework for Object Detection

arXiv 2005.04757 ↗First posted 10 May 2020cs.CVcited by 282

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Abstract (arXiv)

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has a potential to improve the predictive performance of machine learning models using unlabeled data. Although there has been remarkable recent progress, the scope of demonstration in SSL has mainly been on image classification tasks. In this paper, we propose STAC, a simple yet effective SSL framework for visual object detection along with a data augmentation strategy. STAC deploys highly confident pseudo labels of localized objects from an unlabeled image and updates the model by enforcing consistency via strong augmentations. We propose experimental protocols to evaluate the performance of semi-supervised object detection using MS-COCO and show the efficacy of STAC on both MS-COCO and VOC07. On VOC07, STAC improves the AP0.5 from 76.30 to 79.08; on MS-COCO, STAC demonstrates 2× higher data efficiency by achieving 24.38 mAP using only 5% labeled data than supervised baseline that marks 23.86% using 10% labeled data. The code is available at https://github.com/google-research/ssldetection/.

Key facts. Cited by 282 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 10 May 2020.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 47; 2022: 79; 2023: 78; 2024: 52; 2025: 19; 2026: 7.

282 papers.

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  1. 2022Detecting Twenty-thousand Classes using Image-level Supervisioncited by 613
  2. 2021RegionCLIP: Region-based Language-Image Pretrainingcited by 612
  3. 2023Scaling Open-Vocabulary Object Detectioncited by 335
  4. 2021End-to-End Semi-Supervised Object Detection with Soft Teachercited by 315
  5. 2021Unbiased Teacher for Semi-Supervised Object Detectioncited by 305
  6. 2021A Survey on Deep Semi-supervised Learningcited by 250
  7. 2021ST++: Make Self-training Work Better for Semi-supervised Semantic Segmentationcited by 184
  8. 2022Unsupervised Prompt Learning for Vision-Language Modelscited by 125
  9. 2021Humble Teachers Teach Better Students for Semi-Supervised Object Detectioncited by 115
  10. 2021Instant-Teaching: An End-to-End Semi-Supervised Object Detection Frameworkcited by 112
  11. 2022CODA: A Real-World Road Corner Case Dataset for Object Detection in Autonomous Drivingcited by 100
  12. 2022Exploiting Unlabeled Data with Vision and Language Models for Object Detectioncited by 97
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  1. 2023DetCLIPv2: Scalable Open-Vocabulary Object Detection Pre-training via Word-Region Alignmentcited by 90
  2. 2021Augmentation Strategies for Learning with Noisy Labelscited by 86
  3. 2021Open-Vocabulary Instance Segmentation via Robust Cross-Modal Pseudo-Labelingcited by 84
  4. 2021DETReg: Unsupervised Pretraining with Region Priors for Object Detectioncited by 76
  5. 2025YOLO26: Key Architectural Enhancements and Performance Benchmarking for Real-Time Object Detectioncited by 76
  6. 2021Learning Fast Sample Re-weighting Without Reward Datacited by 69
  7. 2022Unbiased Teacher v2: Semi-supervised Object Detection for Anchor-free and Anchor-based Detectorscited by 69
  8. 2021Points as Queries: Weakly Semi-supervised Object Detection by Pointscited by 60
  9. 2022Learning Domain Adaptive Object Detection with Probabilistic Teachercited by 57
  10. 2022Semi-Supervised and Unsupervised Deep Visual Learning: A Surveycited by 52
  11. 2022PseCo: Pseudo Labeling and Consistency Training for Semi-Supervised Object Detectioncited by 51
  12. 2022Semi-supervised Vision Transformers at Scalecited by 49
  13. 2022Dense Teacher: Dense Pseudo-Labels for Semi-supervised Object Detectioncited by 48
  14. 2022Cross Domain Object Detection by Target-Perceived Dual Branch Distillationcited by 46
  15. 2021Rethinking Pseudo Labels for Semi-Supervised Object Detectioncited by 45
  16. 2022Semi-supervised 3D Object Detection with Proficient Teacherscited by 45
  17. 2021Poisoning the Unlabeled Dataset of Semi-Supervised Learningcited by 44
  18. 2022Label Matching Semi-Supervised Object Detectioncited by 44
  19. 2021SODA10M: A Large-Scale 2D Self/Semi-Supervised Object Detection Dataset for Autonomous Drivingcited by 43
  20. 2021Label, Verify, Correct: A Simple Few Shot Object Detection Methodcited by 43
  21. 2022Consistent-Teacher: Towards Reducing Inconsistent Pseudo-targets in Semi-supervised Object Detectioncited by 43
  22. 2023Active Teacher for Semi-Supervised Object Detectioncited by 43
  23. 2023CorrMatch: Label Propagation via Correlation Matching for Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentationcited by 43
  24. 2022Open-World Instance Segmentation: Exploiting Pseudo Ground Truth From Learned Pairwise Affinitycited by 41
  25. 2023Test-Time Training on Video Streamscited by 37
  26. 2022MTTrans: Cross-Domain Object Detection with Mean-Teacher Transformercited by 35
  27. 2021MosaicOS: A Simple and Effective Use of Object-Centric Images for Long-Tailed Object Detectioncited by 33
  28. 2022BigDetection: A Large-scale Benchmark for Improved Object Detector Pre-trainingcited by 33
  29. 2021Pseudo-labeling for Scalable 3D Object Detectioncited by 32
  30. 2021Consistency-based Active Learning for Object Detectioncited by 32
  31. 2022Dense Learning based Semi-Supervised Object Detectioncited by 32
  32. 2022BoxTeacher: Exploring High-Quality Pseudo Labels for Weakly Supervised Instance Segmentationcited by 31
  33. 2023Improving the Generalization of Segmentation Foundation Model under Distribution Shift via Weakly Supervised Adaptationcited by 31
  34. 2021Semi-Supervised Object Detection with Adaptive Class-Rebalancing Self-Trainingcited by 28
  35. 2022Omni-DETR: Omni-Supervised Object Detection with Transformerscited by 28
  36. 2021SimROD: A Simple Adaptation Method for Robust Object Detectioncited by 27
  37. 2023Semi-DETR: Semi-Supervised Object Detection with Detection Transformerscited by 27
  38. 2023Teacher-Student Architecture for Knowledge Distillation: A Surveycited by 26

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