mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Heterogeneous-Agent Trajectory Forecasting Incorporating Class Uncertainty

arXiv 2104.12446 ↗First posted 26 Apr 2021cs.CV cs.LG cs.ROcited by 19

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Abstract (arXiv)

Reasoning about the future behavior of other agents is critical to safe robot navigation. The multiplicity of plausible futures is further amplified by the uncertainty inherent to agent state estimation from data, including positions, velocities, and semantic class. Forecasting methods, however, typically neglect class uncertainty, conditioning instead only on the agent's most likely class, even though perception models often return full class distributions. To exploit this information, we present HAICU, a method for heterogeneous-agent trajectory forecasting that explicitly incorporates agents' class probabilities. We additionally present PUP, a new challenging real-world autonomous driving dataset, to investigate the impact of Perceptual Uncertainty in Prediction. It contains challenging crowded scenes with unfiltered agent class probabilities that reflect the long-tail of current state-of-the-art perception systems. We demonstrate that incorporating class probabilities in trajectory forecasting significantly improves performance in the face of uncertainty, and enables new forecasting capabilities such as counterfactual predictions.

Key facts. Cited by 19 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 39 of its 72 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Apr 2021.

Builds on

39 of 72 references.

References · 39

  1. 2017On Calibration of Modern Neural Networkscited by 4,960
  2. 2019nuScenes: A multimodal dataset for autonomous drivingcited by 4,523
  3. 2014Learning Phrase Representations using RNN Encoder-Decoder for Statistical Machine Translationcited by 4,057
  4. 2016Simple and Scalable Predictive Uncertainty Estimation using Deep Ensemblescited by 3,926
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  6. 2018Deep Reinforcement Learning in a Handful of Trials using Probabilistic Dynamics Modelscited by 774
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  11. 2019MultiPath: Multiple Probabilistic Anchor Trajectory Hypotheses for Behavior Predictioncited by 420
  12. 2020TNT: Target-driveN Trajectory Predictioncited by 347
27 more
  1. 2018SoPhie: An Attentive GAN for Predicting Paths Compliant to Social and Physical Constraintscited by 298
  2. 2019CoverNet: Multimodal Behavior Prediction using Trajectory Setscited by 259
  3. 2016A Survey of Motion Planning and Control Techniques for Self-driving Urban Vehiclescited by 254
  4. 2020One Thousand and One Hours: Self-driving Motion Prediction Datasetcited by 240
  5. 2015Structural-RNN: Deep Learning on Spatio-Temporal Graphscited by 234
  6. 2019Human Motion Trajectory Prediction: A Surveycited by 232
  7. 2019Social-BiGAT: Multimodal Trajectory Forecasting using Bicycle-GAN and Graph Attention Networkscited by 229
  8. 2020Fast and Furious: Real Time End-to-End 3D Detection, Tracking and Motion Forecasting with a Single Convolutional Netcited by 228
  9. 2017Concrete Dropoutcited by 227
  10. 2019PRECOG: PREdiction Conditioned On Goals in Visual Multi-Agent Settingscited by 179
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  13. 2019Multi-Agent Tensor Fusion for Contextual Trajectory Predictioncited by 131
  14. 2020Implicit Latent Variable Model for Scene-Consistent Motion Forecastingcited by 116
  15. 2018TrafficPredict: Trajectory Prediction for Heterogeneous Traffic-Agentscited by 111
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 7; 2023: 7; 2024: 0; 2025: 3.

19 papers.

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  1. 2022BITS: Bi-level Imitation for Traffic Simulationcited by 80
  2. 2023Standing Between Past and Future: Spatio-Temporal Modeling for Multi-Camera 3D Multi-Object Trackingcited by 54
  3. 2022DiffStack: A Differentiable and Modular Control Stack for Autonomous Vehiclescited by 37
  4. 2022Safe Real-World Autonomous Driving by Learning to Predict and Plan with a Mixture of Expertscited by 29
  5. 2023LiDAR-based 4D Occupancy Completion and Forecastingcited by 23
  6. 2023Towards Motion Forecasting with Real-World Perception Inputs: Are End-to-End Approaches Competitive?cited by 22
  7. 2021Injecting Planning-Awareness into Prediction and Detection Evaluationcited by 21
  8. 2025Trajectory Prediction for Autonomous Driving: Progress, Limitations, and Future Directionscited by 14
  9. 2021Rethinking Trajectory Forecasting Evaluationcited by 11
  10. 2022Task-Relevant Failure Detection for Trajectory Predictors in Autonomous Vehiclescited by 11
  11. 2022Heterogeneous Trajectory Forecasting via Risk and Scene Graph Learningcited by 11
  12. 2023VT-Former: An Exploratory Study on Vehicle Trajectory Prediction for Highway Surveillance through Graph Isomorphism and Transformercited by 10
7 more
  1. 2022SOTIF Entropy: Online SOTIF Risk Quantification and Mitigation for Autonomous Drivingcited by 5
  2. 2025ForeSight: Multi-View Streaming Joint Object Detection and Trajectory Forecastingcited by 5
  3. 2023Efficient Baselines for Motion Prediction in Autonomous Drivingcited by 3
  4. 2022Exploring Map-based Features for Efficient Attention-based Vehicle Motion Predictioncited by 1
  5. 2023Towards Dependable Autonomous Systems Based on Bayesian Deep Learning Componentscited by 1
  6. 2023Likely, Light, and Accurate Context-Free Clusters-based Trajectory Predictioncited by 0
  7. 2025Trajectory prediction for heterogeneous agents: A performance analysis on small and imbalanced datasetscited by 0