Standing Between Past and Future: Spatio-Temporal Modeling for Multi-Camera 3D Multi-Object Tracking
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Abstract (arXiv)
This work proposes an end-to-end multi-camera 3D multi-object tracking (MOT) framework. It emphasizes spatio-temporal continuity and integrates both past and future reasoning for tracked objects. Thus, we name it "Past-and-Future reasoning for Tracking" (PF-Track). Specifically, our method adapts the "tracking by attention" framework and represents tracked instances coherently over time with object queries. To explicitly use historical cues, our "Past Reasoning" module learns to refine the tracks and enhance the object features by cross-attending to queries from previous frames and other objects. The "Future Reasoning" module digests historical information and predicts robust future trajectories. In the case of long-term occlusions, our method maintains the object positions and enables re-association by integrating motion predictions. On the nuScenes dataset, our method improves AMOTA by a large margin and remarkably reduces ID-Switches by 90% compared to prior approaches, which is an order of magnitude less. The code and models are made available at https://github.com/TRI-ML/PF-Track.
Key facts. Cited by 54 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 64 of its 86 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Feb 2023.
Builds on
64 of 86 references.
References · 64
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38 more
- 2016Simple Online and Realtime Trackingcited by 862
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- 2019Argoverse: 3D Tracking and Forecasting with Rich Mapscited by 728
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- 2020VectorNet: Encoding HD Maps and Agent Dynamics from Vectorized Representationcited by 528
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- 2020FairMOT: On the Fairness of Detection and Re-Identification in Multiple Object Trackingcited by 489
- 2020Tracking Objects as Pointscited by 483
- 2021FCOS3D: Fully Convolutional One-Stage Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 444
- 20193D Packing for Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 437
- 2021MOTR: End-to-End Multiple-Object Tracking with Transformercited by 379
- 2020TransTrack: Multiple Object Tracking with Transformercited by 370
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- 2021AgentFormer: Agent-Aware Transformers for Socio-Temporal Multi-Agent Forecastingcited by 327
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- 2021FIERY: Future Instance Prediction in Bird's-Eye View from Surround Monocular Camerascited by 239
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- 2020GNN3DMOT: Graph Neural Network for 3D Multi-Object Tracking with Multi-Feature Learningcited by 113
- 2021SimpleTrack: Understanding and Rethinking 3D Multi-object Trackingcited by 102
- 2021TransMOT: Spatial-Temporal Graph Transformer for Multiple Object Trackingcited by 93
- 2022MUTR3D: A Multi-camera Tracking Framework via 3D-to-2D Queriescited by 90
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- 2021DEFT: Detection Embeddings for Trackingcited by 56
50 most cited of 64 All 64 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 14; 2024: 15; 2025: 14; 2026: 11.
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- 2026DRMOT: A Dataset and Framework for RGBD Referring Multi-Object Trackingcited by 0
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- 2026SCATR: Mitigating New Instance Suppression in LiDAR-based Tracking-by-Attention via Second Chance Assignment and Track Query Dropout2 Mar 2026
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- 2026Offline-Poly: A Polyhedral Framework For Offline 3D Multi-Object Tracking14 Feb 2026
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- 2025Trajectory Prediction for Autonomous Driving: Progress, Limitations, and Future Directions5 Mar 2025
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- 2024SynCL: A Synergistic Training Strategy with Instance-Aware Contrastive Learning for End-to-End Multi-Camera 3D Tracking11 Nov 2024
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- 2024MCTR: Multi Camera Tracking Transformer23 Aug 2024
- 2024Panacea+: Panoramic and Controllable Video Generation for Autonomous Driving14 Aug 2024
- 2024InScope: A New Real-world 3D Infrastructure-side Collaborative Perception Dataset for Open Traffic Scenarios31 Jul 2024
- 2024JDT3D: Addressing the Gaps in LiDAR-Based Tracking-by-Attention6 Jul 2024
- 2024DualAD: Disentangling the Dynamic and Static World for End-to-End Driving10 Jun 2024
- 2024Track Initialization and Re-Identification for~3D Multi-View Multi-Object Tracking28 May 2024
- 2024ADA-Track++: End-to-End Multi-Camera 3D Multi-Object Tracking with Alternating Detection and Association14 May 2024
- 2024Inverse Neural Rendering for Explainable Multi-Object Tracking18 Apr 2024
- 2024SparseAD: Sparse Query-Centric Paradigm for Efficient End-to-End Autonomous Driving10 Apr 2024
- 2024SubjectDrive: Scaling Generative Data in Autonomous Driving via Subject Control28 Mar 2024
- 2024CRKD: Enhanced Camera-Radar Object Detection with Cross-modality Knowledge Distillation28 Mar 2024
- 2024Fast-Poly: A Fast Polyhedral Framework For 3D Multi-Object Tracking20 Mar 2024
- 2023UC-NeRF: Neural Radiance Field for Under-Calibrated Multi-view Cameras in Autonomous Driving28 Nov 2023
- 2023Panacea: Panoramic and Controllable Video Generation for Autonomous Driving28 Nov 2023
- 2023Streaming Motion Forecasting for Autonomous Driving2 Oct 2023
- 20233D Multiple Object Tracking on Autonomous Driving: A Literature Review27 Sep 2023
- 2023Language Prompt for Autonomous Driving8 Sep 2023
- 2023QUEST: Query Stream for Practical Cooperative Perception3 Aug 2023
- 2023S.T.A.R.-Track: Latent Motion Models for End-to-End 3D Object Tracking with Adaptive Spatio-Temporal Appearance Representations30 Jun 2023
- 2023STTracker: Spatio-Temporal Tracker for 3D Single Object Tracking30 Jun 2023
- 2023MotionTrack: End-to-End Transformer-based Multi-Object Tracing with LiDAR-Camera Fusion29 Jun 2023
- 2023A survey on deep learning approaches for data integration in autonomous driving system17 Jun 2023
50 newest of 54 All 54 (JSON)
- 2023Language Prompt for Autonomous Drivingcited by 110
- 2024SparseAD: Sparse Query-Centric Paradigm for Efficient End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 46
- 2024DualAD: Disentangling the Dynamic and Static World for End-to-End Drivingcited by 17
- 2026DrivePTS: A Progressive Learning Framework with Textual and Structural Enhancement for Driving Scene Generationcited by 0
- 2026GraphBEV++: Multi-Modal Feature Alignment for Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
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- 2026DrivePTS: A Progressive Learning Framework with Textual and Structural Enhancement for Driving Scene Generation26 Feb 2026
- 2024DualAD: Disentangling the Dynamic and Static World for End-to-End Driving10 Jun 2024
- 2024SparseAD: Sparse Query-Centric Paradigm for Efficient End-to-End Autonomous Driving10 Apr 2024
- 2023Language Prompt for Autonomous Driving8 Sep 2023
- 2023Exploring Object-Centric Temporal Modeling for Efficient Multi-View 3D Object Detectioncited by 313
- 2023Panacea: Panoramic and Controllable Video Generation for Autonomous Drivingcited by 165
- 2023Exploring Recurrent Long-term Temporal Fusion for Multi-view 3D Perceptioncited by 65
- 2024ADA-Track++: End-to-End Multi-Camera 3D Multi-Object Tracking with Alternating Detection and Associationcited by 33
- 2024SubjectDrive: Scaling Generative Data in Autonomous Driving via Subject Controlcited by 32
- 2024CRKD: Enhanced Camera-Radar Object Detection with Cross-modality Knowledge Distillationcited by 27
- 2023QUEST: Query Stream for Practical Cooperative Perceptioncited by 23
- 2023UC-NeRF: Neural Radiance Field for Under-Calibrated Multi-view Cameras in Autonomous Drivingcited by 23
- 2023MotionTrack: End-to-End Transformer-based Multi-Object Tracing with LiDAR-Camera Fusioncited by 19
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12 most cited of 46 All 46 (JSON)
- 2026Online Multi-Camera 3D Tracking via ID Prediction over Recurrent Sparse Queries16 Sep 2026
- 2026CalibFree: Self-Supervised View Feature Separation for Calibration-Free Multi-Camera Multi-Object Tracking10 May 2026
- 2026Radar-Informed 3D Multi-Object Tracking under Adverse Conditions15 Apr 2026
- 2026SCATR: Mitigating New Instance Suppression in LiDAR-based Tracking-by-Attention via Second Chance Assignment and Track Query Dropout2 Mar 2026
- 2026Latent Gaussian Splatting for 4D Panoptic Occupancy Tracking26 Feb 2026
- 2026Offline-Poly: A Polyhedral Framework For Offline 3D Multi-Object Tracking14 Feb 2026
- 2026DRMOT: A Dataset and Framework for RGBD Referring Multi-Object Tracking4 Feb 2026
- 2025TrackTeller: Temporal Multimodal 3D Grounding for Behavior-Dependent Object References25 Dec 2025
- 2025Bridging Perspectives: Foundation Model Guided BEV Maps for 3D Object Detection and Tracking11 Oct 2025
- 2025To New Beginnings: A Survey of Unified Perception in Autonomous Vehicle Software28 Aug 2025
- 2025ForeSight: Multi-View Streaming Joint Object Detection and Trajectory Forecasting9 Aug 2025
- 2025CoopTrack: Exploring End-to-End Learning for Efficient Cooperative Sequential Perception25 Jul 2025
12 newest of 46 All 46 (JSON)