mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Image Manipulation Detection by Multi-View Multi-Scale Supervision

arXiv 2104.06832 ↗First posted 14 Apr 2021cs.CV cs.AIcited by 111

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Abstract (arXiv)

The key challenge of image manipulation detection is how to learn generalizable features that are sensitive to manipulations in novel data, whilst specific to prevent false alarms on authentic images. Current research emphasizes the sensitivity, with the specificity overlooked. In this paper we address both aspects by multi-view feature learning and multi-scale supervision. By exploiting noise distribution and boundary artifact surrounding tampered regions, the former aims to learn semantic-agnostic and thus more generalizable features. The latter allows us to learn from authentic images which are nontrivial to be taken into account by current semantic segmentation network based methods. Our thoughts are realized by a new network which we term MVSS-Net. Extensive experiments on five benchmark sets justify the viability of MVSS-Net for both pixel-level and image-level manipulation detection.

Key facts. Cited by 111 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 18 of its 32 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Apr 2021.

Builds on

18 of 32 references.

References · 18

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6 more
  1. 2020SPAN: Spatial Pyramid Attention Network forImage Manipulation Localizationcited by 92
  2. 2017Image Splicing Localization Using A Multi-Task Fully Convolutional Network (MFCN)cited by 64
  3. 2018Generate, Segment and Refine: Towards Generic Manipulation Segmentationcited by 33
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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 3; 2022: 14; 2023: 26; 2024: 19; 2025: 25; 2026: 24.

111 papers.

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  1. 2023Hierarchical Fine-Grained Image Forgery Detection and Localizationcited by 134
  2. 2022TruFor: Leveraging all-round clues for trustworthy image forgery detection and localizationcited by 130
  3. 2021MVSS-Net: Multi-View Multi-Scale Supervised Networks for Image Manipulation Detectioncited by 117
  4. 2024FakeShield: Explainable Image Forgery Detection and Localization via Multi-modal Large Language Modelscited by 113
  5. 2023EditGuard: Versatile Image Watermarking for Tamper Localization and Copyright Protectioncited by 111
  6. 2024Deepfake Generation and Detection: A Benchmark and Surveycited by 67
  7. 2023AutoSplice: A Text-prompt Manipulated Image Dataset for Media Forensicscited by 46
  8. 2023IML-ViT: Benchmarking Image Manipulation Localization by Vision Transformercited by 44
  9. 2022Multimodal Fake News Detection via CLIP-Guided Learningcited by 42
  10. 2024IMDL-BenCo: A Comprehensive Benchmark and Codebase for Image Manipulation Detection & Localizationcited by 42
  11. 2024Mesoscopic Insights: Orchestrating Multi-scale & Hybrid Architecture for Image Manipulation Localizationcited by 35
  12. 2024V2A-Mark: Versatile Deep Visual-Audio Watermarking for Manipulation Localization and Copyright Protectioncited by 28
38 more
  1. 2022Bootstrapping Multi-view Representations for Fake News Detectioncited by 25
  2. 2023Towards Generic Image Manipulation Detection with Weakly-Supervised Self-Consistency Learningcited by 23
  3. 2023Pre-training-free Image Manipulation Localization through Non-Mutually Exclusive Contrastive Learningcited by 23
  4. 2025ForensicHub: A Unified Benchmark & Codebase for All-Domain Fake Image Detection and Localizationcited by 22
  5. 2023Rethinking Image Editing Detection in the Era of Generative AI Revolutioncited by 21
  6. 2023Toward Real Text Manipulation Detection: New Dataset and New Solutioncited by 20
  7. 2022Learning to Immunize Images for Tamper Localization and Self-Recoverycited by 19
  8. 2024Language-guided Hierarchical Fine-grained Image Forgery Detection and Localizationcited by 16
  9. 2023Effective Image Tampering Localization via Enhanced Transformer and Co-attention Fusioncited by 15
  10. 2024ForgeryGPT: A Multimodal LLM for Interpretable Image Forgery Detection and Localizationcited by 13
  11. 2021GCA-Net : Utilizing Gated Context Attention for Improving Image Forgery Localization and Detectioncited by 11
  12. 2023Multi-spectral Class Center Network for Face Manipulation Detection and Localizationcited by 11
  13. 2023M3Dsynth: A dataset of medical 3D images with AI-generated local manipulationscited by 11
  14. 2024Learning to Discover Forgery Cues for Face Forgery Detectioncited by 11
  15. 2024ForgerySleuth: Empowering Multimodal Large Language Models for Image Manipulation Detectioncited by 11
  16. 2023DRAW: Defending Camera-shooted RAW against Image Manipulationcited by 10
  17. 2021RWN: Robust Watermarking Network for Image Cropping Localizationcited by 9
  18. 2022VideoFACT: Detecting Video Forgeries Using Attention, Scene Context, and Forensic Tracescited by 9
  19. 2023Rethinking Boundary Detection in Deep Learning Models for Medical Image Segmentationcited by 9
  20. 2024Harmfully Manipulated Images Matter in Multimodal Misinformation Detectioncited by 9
  21. 2022Towards Effective Image Manipulation Detection with Proposal Contrastive Learningcited by 8
  22. 2023TBFormer: Two-Branch Transformer for Image Forgery Localizationcited by 8
  23. 2023A New Benchmark and Model for Challenging Image Manipulation Detectioncited by 8
  24. 2024ForgeryTTT: Zero-Shot Image Manipulation Localization with Test-Time Trainingcited by 8
  25. 2022An Overview of Recent Work in Media Forensics: Methods and Threatscited by 7
  26. 2023Discrepancy-Guided Reconstruction Learning for Image Forgery Detectioncited by 7
  27. 2024Mixture-of-Noises Enhanced Forgery-Aware Predictor for Multi-Face Manipulation Detection and Localizationcited by 7
  28. 2025Deep Learning in Concealed Dense Predictioncited by 6
  29. 2025M2SFormer: Multi-Spectral and Multi-Scale Attention with Edge-Aware Difficulty Guidance for Image Forgery Localizationcited by 6
  30. 2022ReLoc: A Restoration-Assisted Framework for Robust Image Tampering Localizationcited by 5
  31. 2023Similarity-Aware Multimodal Prompt Learning for Fake News Detectioncited by 5
  32. 2023RetouchingFFHQ: A Large-scale Dataset for Fine-grained Face Retouching Detectioncited by 5
  33. 2023COMICS: End-to-end Bi-grained Contrastive Learning for Multi-face Forgery Detectioncited by 5
  34. 2023TrainFors: A Large Benchmark Training Dataset for Image Manipulation Detection and Localizationcited by 5
  35. 2023MMFusion: Combining Image Forensic Filters for Visual Manipulation Detection and Localizationcited by 5
  36. 2024Detecting AI-Generated Images via CLIPcited by 5
  37. 2022Effective Image Tampering Localization with Multi-Scale ConvNeXt Feature Fusioncited by 4
  38. 2025AnimeDL-2M: Million-Scale AI-Generated Anime Image Detection and Localization in Diffusion Eracited by 4

50 most cited of 111 All 111 (JSON)