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Image Splicing Localization Using A Multi-Task Fully Convolutional Network (MFCN)

arXiv 1709.02016 ↗First posted 6 Sep 2017cs.CVcited by 64

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Abstract (arXiv)

In this work, we propose a technique that utilizes a fully convolutional network (FCN) to localize image splicing attacks. We first evaluated a single-task FCN (SFCN) trained only on the surface label. Although the SFCN is shown to provide superior performance over existing methods, it still provides a coarse localization output in certain cases. Therefore, we propose the use of a multi-task FCN (MFCN) that utilizes two output branches for multi-task learning. One branch is used to learn the surface label, while the other branch is used to learn the edge or boundary of the spliced region. We trained the networks using the CASIA v2.0 dataset, and tested the trained models on the CASIA v1.0, Columbia Uncompressed, Carvalho, and the DARPA/NIST Nimble Challenge 2016 SCI datasets. Experiments show that the SFCN and MFCN outperform existing splicing localization algorithms, and that the MFCN can achieve finer localization than the SFCN.

Key facts. Cited by 64 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 6 Sep 2017.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 23; 2022: 12; 2023: 13; 2024: 8; 2025: 6; 2026: 2.

64 papers.

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  1. 2021Exploring Temporal Coherence for More General Video Face Forgery Detectioncited by 158
  2. 2021PSCC-Net: Progressive Spatio-Channel Correlation Network for Image Manipulation Detection and Localizationcited by 133
  3. 2022TruFor: Leveraging all-round clues for trustworthy image forgery detection and localizationcited by 130
  4. 2021MVSS-Net: Multi-View Multi-Scale Supervised Networks for Image Manipulation Detectioncited by 117
  5. 2023Explicit Visual Prompting for Low-Level Structure Segmentationscited by 113
  6. 2021Image Manipulation Detection by Multi-View Multi-Scale Supervisioncited by 111
  7. 2024FakeShield: Explainable Image Forgery Detection and Localization via Multi-modal Large Language Modelscited by 111
  8. 2023EditGuard: Versatile Image Watermarking for Tamper Localization and Copyright Protectioncited by 109
  9. 2021Local Relation Learning for Face Forgery Detectioncited by 100
  10. 2021Making Images Real Again: A Comprehensive Survey on Deep Image Compositioncited by 63
  11. 2021FReTAL: Generalizing Deepfake Detection using Knowledge Distillation and Representation Learningcited by 43
  12. 2021CoReD: Generalizing Fake Media Detection with Continual Representation using Distillationcited by 37
38 more
  1. 2024OmniGuard: Hybrid Manipulation Localization via Augmented Versatile Deep Image Watermarkingcited by 35
  2. 2021One Detector to Rule Them All: Towards a General Deepfake Attack Detection Frameworkcited by 33
  3. 2023Pixel-Inconsistency Modeling for Image Manipulation Localizationcited by 33
  4. 2021Self-Adversarial Training incorporating Forgery Attention for Image Forgery Localizationcited by 24
  5. 2023Towards Generic Image Manipulation Detection with Weakly-Supervised Self-Consistency Learningcited by 23
  6. 2023Pre-training-free Image Manipulation Localization through Non-Mutually Exclusive Contrastive Learningcited by 23
  7. 2021TAR: Generalized Forensic Framework to Detect Deepfakes using Weakly Supervised Learningcited by 19
  8. 2022Learning to Immunize Images for Tamper Localization and Self-Recoverycited by 19
  9. 2023EXIF as Language: Learning Cross-Modal Associations Between Images and Camera Metadatacited by 17
  10. 2024Exploring Multi-view Pixel Contrast for General and Robust Image Forgery Localizationcited by 15
  11. 2022CFL-Net: Image Forgery Localization Using Contrastive Learningcited by 12
  12. 2021Deep Video Inpainting Detectioncited by 11
  13. 2024ForgerySleuth: Empowering Multimodal Large Language Models for Image Manipulation Detectioncited by 11
  14. 2023DRAW: Defending Camera-shooted RAW against Image Manipulationcited by 10
  15. 2021Metric Learning for Anti-Compression Facial Forgery Detectioncited by 9
  16. 2022Towards Effective Image Manipulation Detection with Proposal Contrastive Learningcited by 8
  17. 2021Inharmonious Region Localizationcited by 5
  18. 2022ReLoc: A Restoration-Assisted Framework for Robust Image Tampering Localizationcited by 5
  19. 2023TrainFors: A Large Benchmark Training Dataset for Image Manipulation Detection and Localizationcited by 5
  20. 2023MMFusion: Combining Image Forensic Filters for Visual Manipulation Detection and Localizationcited by 5
  21. 2025ManipShield: A Unified Framework for Image Manipulation Detection, Localization and Explanationcited by 5
  22. 2021TBNet:Two-Stream Boundary-aware Network for Generic Image Manipulation Localizationcited by 4
  23. 2023Progressive Feedback-Enhanced Transformer for Image Forgery Localizationcited by 4
  24. 2025Reinforced Multi-teacher Knowledge Distillation for Efficient General Image Forgery Detection and Localizationcited by 4
  25. 2022SISL:Self-Supervised Image Signature Learning for Splicing Detection and Localizationcited by 3
  26. 2022Noise and Edge Based Dual Branch Image Manipulation Detectioncited by 3
  27. 2024PROMPT-IML: Image Manipulation Localization with Pre-trained Foundation Models Through Prompt Tuningcited by 3
  28. 2021Detection and Localization of Multiple Image Splicing Using MobileNet V1cited by 2
  29. 2021Seam Carving Detection and Localization using Two-Stage Deep Neural Networkscited by 2
  30. 2022Inharmonious Region Localization by Magnifying Domain Discrepancycited by 2
  31. 2022Fighting Malicious Media Data: A Survey on Tampering Detection and Deepfake Detectioncited by 2
  32. 2023On the Effectiveness of Image Manipulation Detection in the Age of Social Mediacited by 2
  33. 2024LookupForensics: A Large-Scale Multi-Task Dataset for Multi-Phase Image-Based Fact Verificationcited by 2
  34. 2025Propose and Rectify: A Forensics-Driven MLLM Framework for Image Manipulation Localizationcited by 2
  35. 2026RecoverMark: Robust Watermarking for Localization and Recovery of Manipulated Facescited by 2
  36. 2021StegaPos: Preventing Unwanted Crops and Replacements with Imperceptible Positional Embeddingscited by 1
  37. 2022Learning Hierarchical Graph Representation for Image Manipulation Detectioncited by 1
  38. 2023Defending Adversarial Patches via Joint Region Localizing and Inpaintingcited by 1

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