RWN: Robust Watermarking Network for Image Cropping Localization
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Abstract (arXiv)
Image cropping can be maliciously used to manipulate the layout of an image and alter the underlying meaning. Previous image crop detection schemes only predicts whether an image has been cropped, ignoring which part of the image is cropped. This paper presents a novel robust watermarking network (RWN) for image crop localization. We train an anti-crop processor (ACP) that embeds a watermark into a target image. The visually indistinguishable protected image is then posted on the social network instead of the original image. At the recipient's side, ACP extracts the watermark from the attacked image, and we conduct feature matching on the original and extracted watermark to locate the position of the crop in the original image plane. We further extend our scheme to detect tampering attack on the attacked image. Besides, we explore a simple yet efficient method (JPEG-Mixup) to improve the generalization of JPEG robustness. According to our comprehensive experiments, RWN is the first to provide high-accuracy and robust image crop localization. Besides, the accuracy of tamper detection is comparable with many state-of-the-art passive-based methods.
Key facts. Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 17 of its 34 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 12 Oct 2021.
Builds on
17 of 34 references.
References · 17
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5 more
- 2021MBRS : Enhancing Robustness of DNN-based Watermarking by Mini-Batch of Real and Simulated JPEG Compressioncited by 110
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 2; 2023: 1; 2024: 3; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
9 papers.
- 2024FakeShield: Explainable Image Forgery Detection and Localization via Multi-modal Large Language Modelscited by 113
- 2023EditGuard: Versatile Image Watermarking for Tamper Localization and Copyright Protectioncited by 111
- 2024OmniGuard: Hybrid Manipulation Localization via Augmented Versatile Deep Image Watermarkingcited by 35
- 2024V2A-Mark: Versatile Deep Visual-Audio Watermarking for Manipulation Localization and Copyright Protectioncited by 28
- 2022Learning to Immunize Images for Tamper Localization and Self-Recoverycited by 19
- 2025The NeRF Signature: Codebook-Aided Watermarking for Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 10
- 2026RecoverMark: Robust Watermarking for Localization and Recovery of Manipulated Facescited by 2
- 2025Creating Blank Canvas Against AI-enabled Image Forgerycited by 1
- 2022Image Protection for Robust Cropping Localization and Recoverycited by 0
- 2026RecoverMark: Robust Watermarking for Localization and Recovery of Manipulated Faces24 Feb 2026
- 2025Creating Blank Canvas Against AI-enabled Image Forgery27 Nov 2025
- 2025The NeRF Signature: Codebook-Aided Watermarking for Neural Radiance Fields26 Feb 2025
- 2024OmniGuard: Hybrid Manipulation Localization via Augmented Versatile Deep Image Watermarking2 Dec 2024
- 2024FakeShield: Explainable Image Forgery Detection and Localization via Multi-modal Large Language Models3 Oct 2024
- 2024V2A-Mark: Versatile Deep Visual-Audio Watermarking for Manipulation Localization and Copyright Protection25 Apr 2024
- 2023EditGuard: Versatile Image Watermarking for Tamper Localization and Copyright Protection12 Dec 2023
- 2022Learning to Immunize Images for Tamper Localization and Self-Recovery28 Oct 2022
- 2022Image Protection for Robust Cropping Localization and Recovery6 Jun 2022
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2021CropDefender: deep watermark which is more convenient to train and more robust against cropping
- 2024Robust Watermarking Using Generative Priors Against Image Editing: From Benchmarking to Advances
- 2025WaterFlow: Learning Fast & Robust Watermarks using Stable Diffusion
- 2024Invisible Watermarks: Attacks and Robustness
- 2026SpreadMark: Robust Image Watermarking via Spread-Spectrum Embedding
- 2025Where is the Watermark? Interpretable Watermark Detection at the Block Level
- 2024IWN: Image Watermarking Based on Idempotency
- 2021Hiding Images into Images with Real-world Robustness