A Multiplexed Network for End-to-End, Multilingual OCR
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Abstract (arXiv)
Recent advances in OCR have shown that an end-to-end (E2E) training pipeline that includes both detection and recognition leads to the best results. However, many existing methods focus primarily on Latin-alphabet languages, often even only case-insensitive English characters. In this paper, we propose an E2E approach, Multiplexed Multilingual Mask TextSpotter, that performs script identification at the word level and handles different scripts with different recognition heads, all while maintaining a unified loss that simultaneously optimizes script identification and multiple recognition heads. Experiments show that our method outperforms the single-head model with similar number of parameters in end-to-end recognition tasks, and achieves state-of-the-art results on MLT17 and MLT19 joint text detection and script identification benchmarks. We believe that our work is a step towards the end-to-end trainable and scalable multilingual multi-purpose OCR system. Our code and model will be released.
Key facts. Cited by 18 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 42 of its 70 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 Mar 2021.
Builds on
42 of 70 references.
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30 more
- 2020ABCNet: Real-time Scene Text Spotting with Adaptive Bezier-Curve Networkcited by 170
- 2017Total-Text: A Comprehensive Dataset for Scene Text Detection and Recognitioncited by 161
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 1; 2023: 11; 2024: 2; 2025: 1; 2026: 1.
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- 2021TextOCR: Towards large-scale end-to-end reasoning for arbitrary-shaped scene textcited by 170
- 2021TextStyleBrush: Transfer of Text Aesthetics from a Single Examplecited by 48
- 2023ESTextSpotter: Towards Better Scene Text Spotting with Explicit Synergy in Transformercited by 29
- 2023BaDLAD: A Large Multi-Domain Bengali Document Layout Analysis Datasetcited by 13
- 2023MRN: Multiplexed Routing Network for Incremental Multilingual Text Recognitioncited by 7
- 2023DeepSolo++: Let Transformer Decoder with Explicit Points Solo for Multilingual Text Spottingcited by 7
- 2023Weakly supervised information extraction from inscrutable handwritten document imagescited by 4
- 2022Task Grouping for Multilingual Text Recognitioncited by 3
- 2023Improving Scene Text Recognition for Character-Level Long-Tailed Distributioncited by 3
- 2023Modularity in Deep Learning: A Surveycited by 3
- 2025Evaluating OCR performance on food packaging labels in South Africacited by 2
- 2024Text Change Detection in Multilingual Documents Using Image Comparisoncited by 1
6 more
- 2026All-in-One Multilingual Scene Text Recognition with Script-aware Mixture-of-Expertscited by 1
- 2023SSR-TA: Sequence to Sequence based expert recurrent recommendation for ticket automationcited by 0
- 2023Augmented Transformers with Adaptive n-grams Embedding for Multilingual Scene Text Recognitioncited by 0
- 2023CSSL-MHTR: Continual Self-Supervised Learning for Scalable Multi-script Handwritten Text Recognitioncited by 0
- 2023bbOCR: An Open-source Multi-domain OCR Pipeline for Bengali Documentscited by 0
- 2024MENTOR: Multilingual tExt detectioN TOward leaRning by analogycited by 0
- 2026All-in-One Multilingual Scene Text Recognition with Script-aware Mixture-of-Experts21 Sep 2026
- 2025Evaluating OCR performance on food packaging labels in South Africa3 Oct 2025
- 2024Text Change Detection in Multilingual Documents Using Image Comparison5 Dec 2024
- 2024MENTOR: Multilingual tExt detectioN TOward leaRning by analogy12 Mar 2024
- 2023Modularity in Deep Learning: A Survey2 Oct 2023
- 2023bbOCR: An Open-source Multi-domain OCR Pipeline for Bengali Documents21 Aug 2023
- 2023ESTextSpotter: Towards Better Scene Text Spotting with Explicit Synergy in Transformer20 Aug 2023
- 2023Weakly supervised information extraction from inscrutable handwritten document images12 Jun 2023
- 2023DeepSolo++: Let Transformer Decoder with Explicit Points Solo for Multilingual Text Spotting31 May 2023
- 2023MRN: Multiplexed Routing Network for Incremental Multilingual Text Recognition24 May 2023
- 2023Improving Scene Text Recognition for Character-Level Long-Tailed Distribution31 Mar 2023
- 2023CSSL-MHTR: Continual Self-Supervised Learning for Scalable Multi-script Handwritten Text Recognition16 Mar 2023
6 more
- 2023BaDLAD: A Large Multi-Domain Bengali Document Layout Analysis Dataset9 Mar 2023
- 2023Augmented Transformers with Adaptive n-grams Embedding for Multilingual Scene Text Recognition28 Feb 2023
- 2023SSR-TA: Sequence to Sequence based expert recurrent recommendation for ticket automation30 Jan 2023
- 2022Task Grouping for Multilingual Text Recognition13 Oct 2022
- 2021TextStyleBrush: Transfer of Text Aesthetics from a Single Example15 Jun 2021
- 2021TextOCR: Towards large-scale end-to-end reasoning for arbitrary-shaped scene text12 May 2021
- 2021TextOCR: Towards large-scale end-to-end reasoning for arbitrary-shaped scene textcited by 170
- 2021TextStyleBrush: Transfer of Text Aesthetics from a Single Examplecited by 48
- 2023ESTextSpotter: Towards Better Scene Text Spotting with Explicit Synergy in Transformercited by 29
- 2023BaDLAD: A Large Multi-Domain Bengali Document Layout Analysis Datasetcited by 13
- 2023MRN: Multiplexed Routing Network for Incremental Multilingual Text Recognitioncited by 7
- 2023DeepSolo++: Let Transformer Decoder with Explicit Points Solo for Multilingual Text Spottingcited by 7
- 2023Weakly supervised information extraction from inscrutable handwritten document imagescited by 4
- 2022Task Grouping for Multilingual Text Recognitioncited by 3
- 2023Improving Scene Text Recognition for Character-Level Long-Tailed Distributioncited by 3
- 2023Modularity in Deep Learning: A Surveycited by 3
- 2025Evaluating OCR performance on food packaging labels in South Africacited by 2
- 2024Text Change Detection in Multilingual Documents Using Image Comparisoncited by 1
12 most cited of 17 All 17 (JSON)
- 2025Evaluating OCR performance on food packaging labels in South Africa3 Oct 2025
- 2024Text Change Detection in Multilingual Documents Using Image Comparison5 Dec 2024
- 2024MENTOR: Multilingual tExt detectioN TOward leaRning by analogy12 Mar 2024
- 2023Modularity in Deep Learning: A Survey2 Oct 2023
- 2023bbOCR: An Open-source Multi-domain OCR Pipeline for Bengali Documents21 Aug 2023
- 2023ESTextSpotter: Towards Better Scene Text Spotting with Explicit Synergy in Transformer20 Aug 2023
- 2023Weakly supervised information extraction from inscrutable handwritten document images12 Jun 2023
- 2023DeepSolo++: Let Transformer Decoder with Explicit Points Solo for Multilingual Text Spotting31 May 2023
- 2023MRN: Multiplexed Routing Network for Incremental Multilingual Text Recognition24 May 2023
- 2023Improving Scene Text Recognition for Character-Level Long-Tailed Distribution31 Mar 2023
- 2023CSSL-MHTR: Continual Self-Supervised Learning for Scalable Multi-script Handwritten Text Recognition16 Mar 2023
- 2023BaDLAD: A Large Multi-Domain Bengali Document Layout Analysis Dataset9 Mar 2023
12 newest of 17 All 17 (JSON)