mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

A Multiplexed Network for End-to-End, Multilingual OCR

arXiv 2103.15992 ↗First posted 29 Mar 2021cs.CVcited by 18

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Abstract (arXiv)

Recent advances in OCR have shown that an end-to-end (E2E) training pipeline that includes both detection and recognition leads to the best results. However, many existing methods focus primarily on Latin-alphabet languages, often even only case-insensitive English characters. In this paper, we propose an E2E approach, Multiplexed Multilingual Mask TextSpotter, that performs script identification at the word level and handles different scripts with different recognition heads, all while maintaining a unified loss that simultaneously optimizes script identification and multiple recognition heads. Experiments show that our method outperforms the single-head model with similar number of parameters in end-to-end recognition tasks, and achieves state-of-the-art results on MLT17 and MLT19 joint text detection and script identification benchmarks. We believe that our work is a step towards the end-to-end trainable and scalable multilingual multi-purpose OCR system. Our code and model will be released.

Key facts. Cited by 18 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 42 of its 70 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 Mar 2021.

Builds on

42 of 70 references.

References · 42

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30 more
  1. 2020ABCNet: Real-time Scene Text Spotting with Adaptive Bezier-Curve Networkcited by 170
  2. 2017Total-Text: A Comprehensive Dataset for Scene Text Detection and Recognitioncited by 161
  3. 2019Shape Robust Text Detection with Progressive Scale Expansion Networkcited by 147
  4. 2019ICDAR2019 Robust Reading Challenge on Arbitrary-Shaped Text (RRC-ArT)cited by 147
  5. 2019ICDAR2019 Robust Reading Challenge on Multi-lingual Scene Text Detection and Recognition -- RRC-MLT-2019cited by 138
  6. 2019ICDAR 2019 Robust Reading Challenge on Reading Chinese Text on Signboardcited by 127
  7. 2019Transferability and Hardness of Supervised Classification Taskscited by 125
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  9. 2016Robust Scene Text Recognition with Automatic Rectificationcited by 121
  10. 2019ICDAR 2019 Competition on Large-scale Street View Text with Partial Labeling -- RRC-LSVTcited by 121
  11. 2016TextBoxes: A Fast Text Detector with a Single Deep Neural Networkcited by 119
  12. 2018Scene Text Detection and Recognition: The Deep Learning Eracited by 114
  13. 2020Mask TextSpotter v3: Segmentation Proposal Network for Robust Scene Text Spottingcited by 114
  14. 2018FOTS: Fast Oriented Text Spotting with a Unified Networkcited by 109
  15. 2017ICDAR2017 Competition on Reading Chinese Text in the Wild (RCTW-17)cited by 103
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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 1; 2023: 11; 2024: 2; 2025: 1; 2026: 1.

18 papers.

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  1. 2021TextOCR: Towards large-scale end-to-end reasoning for arbitrary-shaped scene textcited by 170
  2. 2021TextStyleBrush: Transfer of Text Aesthetics from a Single Examplecited by 48
  3. 2023ESTextSpotter: Towards Better Scene Text Spotting with Explicit Synergy in Transformercited by 29
  4. 2023BaDLAD: A Large Multi-Domain Bengali Document Layout Analysis Datasetcited by 13
  5. 2023MRN: Multiplexed Routing Network for Incremental Multilingual Text Recognitioncited by 7
  6. 2023DeepSolo++: Let Transformer Decoder with Explicit Points Solo for Multilingual Text Spottingcited by 7
  7. 2023Weakly supervised information extraction from inscrutable handwritten document imagescited by 4
  8. 2022Task Grouping for Multilingual Text Recognitioncited by 3
  9. 2023Improving Scene Text Recognition for Character-Level Long-Tailed Distributioncited by 3
  10. 2023Modularity in Deep Learning: A Surveycited by 3
  11. 2025Evaluating OCR performance on food packaging labels in South Africacited by 2
  12. 2024Text Change Detection in Multilingual Documents Using Image Comparisoncited by 1
6 more
  1. 2026All-in-One Multilingual Scene Text Recognition with Script-aware Mixture-of-Expertscited by 1
  2. 2023SSR-TA: Sequence to Sequence based expert recurrent recommendation for ticket automationcited by 0
  3. 2023Augmented Transformers with Adaptive n-grams Embedding for Multilingual Scene Text Recognitioncited by 0
  4. 2023CSSL-MHTR: Continual Self-Supervised Learning for Scalable Multi-script Handwritten Text Recognitioncited by 0
  5. 2023bbOCR: An Open-source Multi-domain OCR Pipeline for Bengali Documentscited by 0
  6. 2024MENTOR: Multilingual tExt detectioN TOward leaRning by analogycited by 0