mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Robust Scene Text Recognition with Automatic Rectification

arXiv 1603.03915 ↗First posted 12 Mar 2016cs.CVcited by 121

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Abstract (arXiv)

Recognizing text in natural images is a challenging task with many unsolved problems. Different from those in documents, words in natural images often possess irregular shapes, which are caused by perspective distortion, curved character placement, etc. We propose RARE (Robust text recognizer with Automatic REctification), a recognition model that is robust to irregular text. RARE is a specially-designed deep neural network, which consists of a Spatial Transformer Network (STN) and a Sequence Recognition Network (SRN). In testing, an image is firstly rectified via a predicted Thin-Plate-Spline (TPS) transformation, into a more "readable" image for the following SRN, which recognizes text through a sequence recognition approach. We show that the model is able to recognize several types of irregular text, including perspective text and curved text. RARE is end-to-end trainable, requiring only images and associated text labels, making it convenient to train and deploy the model in practical systems. State-of-the-art or highly-competitive performance achieved on several benchmarks well demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed model.

Key facts. Cited by 121 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 12 Mar 2016.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 40; 2022: 35; 2023: 17; 2024: 14; 2025: 8; 2026: 7.

121 papers.

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  1. 2021OCR-free Document Understanding Transformercited by 407
  2. 2021TrOCR: Transformer-based Optical Character Recognition with Pre-trained Modelscited by 279
  3. 2021ReDet: A Rotation-equivariant Detector for Aerial Object Detectioncited by 203
  4. 2021Read Like Humans: Autonomous, Bidirectional and Iterative Language Modeling for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 194
  5. 2022Scene Text Recognition with Permuted Autoregressive Sequence Modelscited by 149
  6. 2022Self-Supervised Learning for Videos: A Surveycited by 85
  7. 2021ABCNet v2: Adaptive Bezier-Curve Network for Real-time End-to-end Text Spottingcited by 84
  8. 2021Vision Transformer for Fast and Efficient Scene Text Recognitioncited by 81
  9. 2022Text Spotting Transformerscited by 70
  10. 2022Syntax-Aware Network for Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognitioncited by 68
  11. 2021What If We Only Use Real Datasets for Scene Text Recognition? Toward Scene Text Recognition With Fewer Labelscited by 63
  12. 2024From Pixels to Insights: A Survey on Automatic Chart Understanding in the Era of Large Foundation Modelscited by 53
38 more
  1. 2021Rethinking Text Line Recognition Modelscited by 45
  2. 2022Toward Understanding WordArt: Corner-Guided Transformer for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 45
  3. 2024Document Parsing Unveiled: Techniques, Challenges, and Prospects for Structured Information Extractioncited by 44
  4. 2021PIMNet: A Parallel, Iterative and Mimicking Network for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 41
  5. 2021MMOCR: A Comprehensive Toolbox for Text Detection, Recognition and Understandingcited by 40
  6. 2022ABINet++: Autonomous, Bidirectional and Iterative Language Modeling for Scene Text Spottingcited by 40
  7. 2021CDistNet: Perceiving Multi-Domain Character Distance for Robust Text Recognitioncited by 36
  8. 2022Multi-Granularity Prediction for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 36
  9. 2022Optimal Boxes: Boosting End-to-End Scene Text Recognition by Adjusting Annotated Bounding Boxes via Reinforcement Learningcited by 33
  10. 2021Primitive Representation Learning for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 28
  11. 2021Few-shot Keypoint Detection with Uncertainty Learning for Unseen Speciescited by 27
  12. 2021TPSNet: Reverse Thinking of Thin Plate Splines for Arbitrary Shape Scene Text Representationcited by 26
  13. 2021A Bilingual, OpenWorld Video Text Dataset and End-to-end Video Text Spotter with Transformercited by 26
  14. 2022Self-supervised Implicit Glyph Attention for Text Recognitioncited by 25
  15. 2021Joint Visual Semantic Reasoning: Multi-Stage Decoder for Text Recognitioncited by 24
  16. 2022On the Cross-dataset Generalization in License Plate Recognitioncited by 22
  17. 2024Visual Text Generation in the Wildcited by 22
  18. 2022PP-StructureV2: A Stronger Document Analysis Systemcited by 20
  19. 2021A Multiplexed Network for End-to-End, Multilingual OCRcited by 18
  20. 2021Facial Attribute Transformers for Precise and Robust Makeup Transfercited by 17
  21. 2023AGTGAN: Unpaired Image Translation for Photographic Ancient Character Generationcited by 17
  22. 2022Text-DIAE: A Self-Supervised Degradation Invariant Autoencoders for Text Recognition and Document Enhancementcited by 16
  23. 2022Recognition of Handwritten Chinese Text by Segmentation: A Segment-annotation-free Approachcited by 15
  24. 2021It's About Time: Analog Clock Reading in the Wildcited by 14
  25. 2022Seq-UPS: Sequential Uncertainty-aware Pseudo-label Selection for Semi-Supervised Text Recognitioncited by 14
  26. 2024Layout Agnostic Scene Text Image Synthesis with Diffusion Modelscited by 14
  27. 2022COO: Comic Onomatopoeia Dataset for Recognizing Arbitrary or Truncated Textscited by 13
  28. 2023LISTER: Neighbor Decoding for Length-Insensitive Scene Text Recognitioncited by 13
  29. 2021Towards the Unseen: Iterative Text Recognition by Distilling from Errorscited by 12
  30. 2022Towards Open-Set Text Recognition via Label-to-Prototype Learningcited by 12
  31. 2023IPAD: Iterative, Parallel, and Diffusion-based Network for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 12
  32. 2021TextAdaIN: Paying Attention to Shortcut Learning in Text Recognizerscited by 11
  33. 2021RewriteNet: Reliable Scene Text Editing with Implicit Decomposition of Text Contents and Stylescited by 10
  34. 2023Leveraging Model Fusion for Improved License Plate Recognitioncited by 10
  35. 2024Class-Aware Mask-Guided Feature Refinement for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 10
  36. 2023TPS++: Attention-Enhanced Thin-Plate Spline for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 9
  37. 2024Inverse-like Antagonistic Scene Text Spotting via Reading-Order Estimation and Dynamic Samplingcited by 9
  38. 2023Self-distillation Regularized Connectionist Temporal Classification Loss for Text Recognition: A Simple Yet Effective Approachcited by 8

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