mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Detecting Text in Natural Image with Connectionist Text Proposal Network

arXiv 1609.03605 ↗First posted 12 Sep 2016cs.CVcited by 85

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Abstract (arXiv)

We propose a novel Connectionist Text Proposal Network (CTPN) that accurately localizes text lines in natural image. The CTPN detects a text line in a sequence of fine-scale text proposals directly in convolutional feature maps. We develop a vertical anchor mechanism that jointly predicts location and text/non-text score of each fixed-width proposal, considerably improving localization accuracy. The sequential proposals are naturally connected by a recurrent neural network, which is seamlessly incorporated into the convolutional network, resulting in an end-to-end trainable model. This allows the CTPN to explore rich context information of image, making it powerful to detect extremely ambiguous text. The CTPN works reliably on multi-scale and multi- language text without further post-processing, departing from previous bottom-up methods requiring multi-step post-processing. It achieves 0.88 and 0.61 F-measure on the ICDAR 2013 and 2015 benchmarks, surpass- ing recent results [8, 35] by a large margin. The CTPN is computationally efficient with 0:14s/image, by using the very deep VGG16 model [27]. Online demo is available at: http://textdet.com/.

Key facts. Cited by 85 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 12 Sep 2016.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 31; 2022: 20; 2023: 14; 2024: 11; 2025: 7; 2026: 2.

85 papers.

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  1. 2021OCR-free Document Understanding Transformercited by 400
  2. 2021WenetSpeech: A 10000+ Hours Multi-domain Mandarin Corpus for Speech Recognitioncited by 189
  3. 2024General OCR Theory: Towards OCR-2.0 via a Unified End-to-end Modelcited by 174
  4. 2022Real-Time Scene Text Detection with Differentiable Binarization and Adaptive Scale Fusioncited by 94
  5. 2021ABCNet v2: Adaptive Bezier-Curve Network for Real-time End-to-end Text Spottingcited by 84
  6. 2021Fourier Contour Embedding for Arbitrary-Shaped Text Detectioncited by 80
  7. 2022Text Spotting Transformerscited by 70
  8. 2023SPTS v2: Single-Point Scene Text Spottingcited by 66
  9. 2021PAN++: Towards Efficient and Accurate End-to-End Spotting of Arbitrarily-Shaped Textcited by 65
  10. 2022Few Could Be Better Than All: Feature Sampling and Grouping for Scene Text Detectioncited by 65
  11. 2021Adaptive Boundary Proposal Network for Arbitrary Shape Text Detectioncited by 47
  12. 2021SPTS: Single-Point Text Spottingcited by 45
38 more
  1. 2023Turning a CLIP Model into a Scene Text Detectorcited by 44
  2. 2021PIMNet: A Parallel, Iterative and Mimicking Network for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 41
  3. 2022Single Frame Atmospheric Turbulence Mitigation: A Benchmark Study and A New Physics-Inspired Transformer Modelcited by 37
  4. 2021PolarMask++: Enhanced Polar Representation for Single-Shot Instance Segmentation and Beyondcited by 27
  5. 2021TPSNet: Reverse Thinking of Thin Plate Splines for Arbitrary Shape Scene Text Representationcited by 26
  6. 2023Physics-Driven Turbulence Image Restoration with Stochastic Refinementcited by 24
  7. 2021Mask is All You Need: Rethinking Mask R-CNN for Dense and Arbitrary-Shaped Scene Text Detectioncited by 23
  8. 2021Stroke-Based Scene Text Erasing Using Synthetic Data for Trainingcited by 20
  9. 2021A Multiplexed Network for End-to-End, Multilingual OCRcited by 18
  10. 2022Kernel Proposal Network for Arbitrary Shape Text Detectioncited by 17
  11. 2022Arbitrary Shape Text Detection via Segmentation with Probability Mapscited by 15
  12. 2021CentripetalText: An Efficient Text Instance Representation for Scene Text Detectioncited by 13
  13. 2022TextDCT: Arbitrary-Shaped Text Detection via Discrete Cosine Transform Maskcited by 13
  14. 2023Towards Robust Real-Time Scene Text Detection: From Semantic to Instance Representation Learningcited by 12
  15. 2024Visually Guided Generative Text-Layout Pre-training for Document Intelligencecited by 12
  16. 2021FAST: Faster Arbitrarily-Shaped Text Detector with Minimalist Kernel Representationcited by 9
  17. 2021All You Need is a Second Look: Towards Arbitrary-Shaped Text Detectioncited by 7
  18. 2022Real-time End-to-End Video Text Spotter with Contrastive Representation Learningcited by 7
  19. 2021Digitize-PID: Automatic Digitization of Piping and Instrumentation Diagramscited by 6
  20. 2022Transfer Learning for Scene Text Recognition in Indian Languagescited by 6
  21. 2022Contextual Text Block Detection towards Scene Text Understandingcited by 6
  22. 2025EVE: Towards End-to-End Video Subtitle Extraction with Vision-Language Modelscited by 6
  23. 2021Detection and Rectification of Arbitrary Shaped Scene Texts by using Text Keypoints and Linkscited by 5
  24. 2022A Scene-Text Synthesis Engine Achieved Through Learning from Decomposed Real-World Datacited by 5
  25. 2021Which and Where to Focus: A Simple yet Accurate Framework for Arbitrary-Shaped Nearby Text Detection in Scene Imagescited by 4
  26. 2021Pairwise Emotional Relationship Recognition in Drama Videos: Dataset and Benchmarkcited by 4
  27. 2021CORE-Text: Improving Scene Text Detection with Contrastive Relational Reasoningcited by 4
  28. 2021Contrastive Learning of Semantic and Visual Representations for Text Trackingcited by 4
  29. 2022OCR-RTPS: An OCR-based real-time positioning system for the valet parkingcited by 4
  30. 2024Spotlight Text Detector: Spotlight on Candidate Regions Like a Cameracited by 4
  31. 2021A Survey on Deep Domain Adaptation and Tiny Object Detection Challenges, Techniques and Datasetscited by 3
  32. 2024Real-Time Text Detection with Similar Mask in Traffic, Industrial, and Natural Scenescited by 3
  33. 2024Partial Scene Text Retrievalcited by 3
  34. 2025Clustering-based Feature Representation Learning for Oracle Bone Inscriptions Detectioncited by 3
  35. 2021AI-enabled Efficient and Safe Food Supply Chaincited by 2
  36. 2021Text-Aware Single Image Specular Highlight Removalcited by 2
  37. 2021Distantly Supervised Semantic Text Detection and Recognition for Broadcast Sports Videos Understandingcited by 2
  38. 2022Real-time Scene Text Detection Based on Global Level and Word Level Featurescited by 2

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