mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Continuum: Simple Management of Complex Continual Learning Scenarios

arXiv 2102.06253 ↗First posted 11 Feb 2021cs.LGcited by 33

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Abstract (arXiv)

Continual learning is a machine learning sub-field specialized in settings with non-iid data. Hence, the training data distribution is not static and drifts through time. Those drifts might cause interferences in the trained model and knowledge learned on previous states of the data distribution might be forgotten. Continual learning's challenge is to create algorithms able to learn an ever-growing amount of knowledge while dealing with data distribution drifts. One implementation difficulty in these field is to create data loaders that simulate non-iid scenarios. Indeed, data loaders are a key component for continual algorithms. They should be carefully designed and reproducible. Small errors in data loaders have a critical impact on algorithm results, e.g. with bad preprocessing, wrong order of data or bad test set. Continuum is a simple and efficient framework with numerous data loaders that avoid researcher to spend time on designing data loader and eliminate time-consuming errors. Using our proposed framework, it is possible to directly focus on the model design by using the multiple scenarios and evaluation metrics implemented. Furthermore the framework is easily extendable to add novel settings for specific needs.

Key facts. Cited by 33 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 27 of its 43 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Feb 2021.

Builds on

27 of 43 references.

References · 27

  1. 2019PyTorch: An Imperative Style, High-Performance Deep Learning Librarycited by 20,160
  2. 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,498
  3. 2016Overcoming catastrophic forgetting in neural networkscited by 4,718
  4. 2016The Cityscapes Dataset for Semantic Urban Scene Understandingcited by 4,427
  5. 2017A Broad-Coverage Challenge Corpus for Sentence Understanding through Inferencecited by 2,665
  6. 2016iCaRL: Incremental Classifier and Representation Learningcited by 2,313
  7. 2017Gradient Episodic Memory for Continual Learningcited by 1,871
  8. 2016Progressive Neural Networkscited by 1,332
  9. 2018Learning to Learn without Forgetting by Maximizing Transfer and Minimizing Interferencecited by 511
  10. 2019Online Continual Learning with Maximally Interfered Retrievalcited by 376
  11. 2017CORe50: a New Dataset and Benchmark for Continuous Object Recognitioncited by 287
  12. 2020Towards Continual Reinforcement Learning: A Review and Perspectivescited by 268
15 more
  1. 2014cuDNN: Efficient Primitives for Deep Learningcited by 240
  2. 2020Modeling the Background for Incremental Learning in Semantic Segmentationcited by 189
  3. 2020PLOP: Learning without Forgetting for Continual Semantic Segmentationcited by 177
  4. 2019Incremental Learning Techniques for Semantic Segmentationcited by 141
  5. 2020Automatically Discovering and Learning New Visual Categories with Ranking Statisticscited by 141
  6. 2019A continual learning survey: Defying forgetting in classification taskscited by 118
  7. 2018Don't forget, there is more than forgetting: new metrics for Continual Learningcited by 113
  8. 2020Continual Learning with Node-Importance based Adaptive Group Sparse Regularizationcited by 102
  9. 2018Generative Models from the perspective of Continual Learningcited by 69
  10. 2020Online Fast Adaptation and Knowledge Accumulation: a New Approach to Continual Learningcited by 38
  11. 2019DisCoRL: Continual Reinforcement Learning via Policy Distillationcited by 35
  12. 2019Continual Reinforcement Learning deployed in Real-life using Policy Distillation and Sim2Real Transfercited by 24
  13. 2020IIRC: Incremental Implicitly-Refined Classificationcited by 20
  14. 2020Continual Learning: Tackling Catastrophic Forgetting in Deep Neural Networks with Replay Processescited by 17
  15. 2020Insights from the Future for Continual Learningcited by 7

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Cited by year

Citing papers per year: 2021: 8; 2022: 11; 2023: 7; 2024: 5; 2025: 2.

33 papers.

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  1. 2021DyTox: Transformers for Continual Learning with DYnamic TOken eXpansioncited by 291
  2. 2021Avalanche: an End-to-End Library for Continual Learningcited by 124
  3. 2022CLIP model is an Efficient Continual Learnercited by 64
  4. 2021Continual Learning via Local Module Compositioncited by 61
  5. 2022Continual Learning with Foundation Models: An Empirical Study of Latent Replaycited by 61
  6. 2021Class-Incremental Learning with Generative Classifierscited by 39
  7. 2021Understanding Continual Learning Settings with Data Distribution Drift Analysiscited by 38
  8. 2023Avalanche: A PyTorch Library for Deep Continual Learningcited by 33
  9. 2022Continual Object Detection: A review of definitions, strategies, and challengescited by 25
  10. 2022CoMFormer: Continual Learning in Semantic and Panoptic Segmentationcited by 25
  11. 2023BiRT: Bio-inspired Replay in Vision Transformers for Continual Learningcited by 25
  12. 2023A Comprehensive Empirical Evaluation on Online Continual Learningcited by 24
21 more
  1. 2022Challenging Common Assumptions about Catastrophic Forgettingcited by 20
  2. 2021Sequoia: A Software Framework to Unify Continual Learning Researchcited by 19
  3. 2021Continual Learning in Deep Networks: an Analysis of the Last Layercited by 17
  4. 2021Tackling Catastrophic Forgetting and Background Shift in Continual Semantic Segmentationcited by 15
  5. 2022Simpler is Better: off-the-shelf Continual Learning Through Pretrained Backbonescited by 12
  6. 2022Beyond Supervised Continual Learning: a Reviewcited by 11
  7. 2024Class-incremental Learning for Time Series: Benchmark and Evaluationcited by 9
  8. 2024Reflecting on the State of Rehearsal-free Continual Learning with Pretrained Modelscited by 8
  9. 2022Continual Feature Selection: Spurious Features in Continual Learningcited by 7
  10. 2022CL2R: Compatible Lifelong Learning Representationscited by 6
  11. 2022Robust Binary Models by Pruning Randomly-initialized Networkscited by 5
  12. 2022An Investigation of the Combination of Rehearsal and Knowledge Distillation in Continual Learning for Spoken Language Understandingcited by 5
  13. 2023RD-DPP: Rate-Distortion Theory Meets Determinantal Point Process to Diversify Learning Data Samplescited by 4
  14. 2023Renate: A Library for Real-World Continual Learningcited by 2
  15. 2025InTAct: Interval-based Task Activation Consolidation for Continual Learningcited by 2
  16. 2023SequeL: A Continual Learning Library in PyTorch and JAXcited by 1
  17. 2024PoseAdapt: Sustainable Human Pose Estimation via Continual Learning Benchmarks and Toolkitcited by 1
  18. 2025LibContinual: A Comprehensive Library towards Realistic Continual Learningcited by 1
  19. 2023Dissecting Continual Learning a Structural and Data Analysiscited by 0
  20. 2024Continual Learning of Numerous Tasks from Long-tail Distributionscited by 0
  21. 2024Deep evolving semi-supervised anomaly detectioncited by 0