Generative Models from the perspective of Continual Learning
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Abstract (arXiv)
Which generative model is the most suitable for Continual Learning? This paper aims at evaluating and comparing generative models on disjoint sequential image generation tasks. We investigate how several models learn and forget, considering various strategies: rehearsal, regularization, generative replay and fine-tuning. We used two quantitative metrics to estimate the generation quality and memory ability. We experiment with sequential tasks on three commonly used benchmarks for Continual Learning (MNIST, Fashion MNIST and CIFAR10). We found that among all models, the original GAN performs best and among Continual Learning strategies, generative replay outperforms all other methods. Even if we found satisfactory combinations on MNIST and Fashion MNIST, training generative models sequentially on CIFAR10 is particularly instable, and remains a challenge. Our code is available online footnoteurlhttps://github.com/TLESORT/GenerativeContinualLearning.
Key facts. Cited by 69 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 21 Dec 2018.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 23; 2022: 16; 2023: 15; 2024: 12; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
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- 2021iMAP: Implicit Mapping and Positioning in Real-Timecited by 476
- 2022CODA-Prompt: COntinual Decomposed Attention-based Prompting for Rehearsal-Free Continual Learningcited by 446
- 2021DyTox: Transformers for Continual Learning with DYnamic TOken eXpansioncited by 291
- 2021Online Continual Learning in Image Classification: An Empirical Surveycited by 242
- 2022FOSTER: Feature Boosting and Compression for Class-Incremental Learningcited by 228
- 2023Selective Amnesia: A Continual Learning Approach to Forgetting in Deep Generative Modelscited by 175
- 2023Continual Diffusion: Continual Customization of Text-to-Image Diffusion with C-LoRAcited by 138
- 2023Continual Pre-Training of Large Language Models: How to (re)warm your model?cited by 135
- 2021Always Be Dreaming: A New Approach for Data-Free Class-Incremental Learningcited by 130
- 2024Continual Learning and Catastrophic Forgettingcited by 73
- 2021Replay in Deep Learning: Current Approaches and Missing Biological Elementscited by 71
- 2021Continual Learning via Local Module Compositioncited by 61
38 more
- 2024Analyzing and Reducing Catastrophic Forgetting in Parameter Efficient Tuningcited by 59
- 2021Recent Advances of Continual Learning in Computer Vision: An Overviewcited by 55
- 2022A Closer Look at Rehearsal-Free Continual Learningcited by 54
- 2022PIVOT: Prompting for Video Continual Learningcited by 45
- 2023A Data-Free Approach to Mitigate Catastrophic Forgetting in Federated Class Incremental Learning for Vision Taskscited by 41
- 2021Class-Incremental Learning with Generative Classifierscited by 39
- 2021Understanding Continual Learning Settings with Data Distribution Drift Analysiscited by 38
- 2021Curriculum-Meta Learning for Order-Robust Continual Relation Extractioncited by 34
- 2021Continuum: Simple Management of Complex Continual Learning Scenarioscited by 33
- 2021CLEVA-Compass: A Continual Learning EValuation Assessment Compass to Promote Research Transparency and Comparabilitycited by 28
- 2021Optimizing Reusable Knowledge for Continual Learning via Metalearningcited by 24
- 2021CRIL: Continual Robot Imitation Learning via Generative and Prediction Modelcited by 23
- 2021Sequoia: A Software Framework to Unify Continual Learning Researchcited by 19
- 2021Continual Learning in Deep Networks: an Analysis of the Last Layercited by 17
- 2024Text-Enhanced Data-free Approach for Federated Class-Incremental Learningcited by 16
- 2023Exploring Continual Learning of Diffusion Modelscited by 15
- 2021Do Not Forget to Attend to Uncertainty while Mitigating Catastrophic Forgettingcited by 12
- 2023When Meta-Learning Meets Online and Continual Learning: A Surveycited by 12
- 2022Beyond Supervised Continual Learning: a Reviewcited by 11
- 2023Continual Learning for Predictive Maintenance: Overview and Challengescited by 10
- 2023Just a Glimpse: Rethinking Temporal Information for Video Continual Learningcited by 10
- 2024M2Distill: Multi-Modal Distillation for Lifelong Imitation Learningcited by 10
- 2022Memory Population in Continual Learning via Outlier Eliminationcited by 9
- 2022Continual Learning Approaches for Anomaly Detectioncited by 9
- 2022Entropy-based Stability-Plasticity for Lifelong Learningcited by 8
- 2022A Benchmark and Empirical Analysis for Replay Strategies in Continual Learningcited by 8
- 2021Overcoming Catastrophic Forgetting with Gaussian Mixture Replaycited by 7
- 2022False Memory Formation in Continual Learners Through Imperceptible Backdoor Triggercited by 6
- 2023Model Inversion Attack via Dynamic Memory Learningcited by 6
- 2023Adaptive Visual Scene Understanding: Incremental Scene Graph Generationcited by 6
- 2024Joint Diffusion models in Continual Learningcited by 6
- 2021Multiband VAE: Latent Space Alignment for Knowledge Consolidation in Continual Learningcited by 5
- 2022Self-Activating Neural Ensembles for Continual Reinforcement Learningcited by 5
- 2024Coherent Temporal Synthesis for Incremental Action Segmentationcited by 5
- 2024Federated Continual Learning Goes Online: Uncertainty-Aware Memory Management for Vision Tasks and Beyondcited by 5
- 2021A Procedural World Generation Framework for Systematic Evaluation of Continual Learningcited by 4
- 2021Memory-Free Generative Replay For Class-Incremental Learningcited by 4
- 2022Generative Negative Replay for Continual Learningcited by 4
50 most cited of 69 All 69 (JSON)
- 2026Chameleons do not Forget: Prompt-Based Online Continual Learning for Next Activity Prediction1 Apr 2026
- 2025H2C: Hippocampal Circuit-inspired Continual Learning for Lifelong Trajectory Prediction in Autonomous Driving2 Aug 2025
- 2025Leveraging Lightweight Generators for Memory Efficient Continual Learning24 Jun 2025
- 2024Joint Diffusion models in Continual Learning12 Nov 2024
- 2024Task Confusion and Catastrophic Forgetting in Class-Incremental Learning: A Mathematical Framework for Discriminative and Generative Modelings28 Oct 2024
- 2024Hybrid Memory Replay: Blending Real and Distilled Data for Class Incremental Learning20 Oct 2024
- 2024CFTS-GAN: Continual Few-Shot Teacher Student for Generative Adversarial Networks17 Oct 2024
- 2024M2Distill: Multi-Modal Distillation for Lifelong Imitation Learning30 Sep 2024
- 2024How to Leverage Predictive Uncertainty Estimates for Reducing Catastrophic Forgetting in Online Continual Learning10 Jul 2024
- 2024Lifelong Learning of Video Diffusion Models From a Single Video Stream7 Jun 2024
- 2024Federated Continual Learning Goes Online: Uncertainty-Aware Memory Management for Vision Tasks and Beyond29 May 2024
- 2024Text-Enhanced Data-free Approach for Federated Class-Incremental Learning21 Mar 2024
38 more
- 2024Coherent Temporal Synthesis for Incremental Action Segmentation10 Mar 2024
- 2024Continual Learning and Catastrophic Forgetting8 Mar 2024
- 2024Analyzing and Reducing Catastrophic Forgetting in Parameter Efficient Tuning29 Feb 2024
- 2023Adapt & Align: Continual Learning with Generative Models Latent Space Alignment21 Dec 2023
- 2023A Data-Free Approach to Mitigate Catastrophic Forgetting in Federated Class Incremental Learning for Vision Tasks13 Nov 2023
- 2023When Meta-Learning Meets Online and Continual Learning: A Survey9 Nov 2023
- 2023Adaptive Visual Scene Understanding: Incremental Scene Graph Generation2 Oct 2023
- 2023Looking through the past: better knowledge retention for generative replay in continual learning18 Sep 2023
- 2023Model Inversion Attack via Dynamic Memory Learning24 Aug 2023
- 2023A Fusion of Variational Distribution Priors and Saliency Map Replay for Continual 3D Reconstruction17 Aug 2023
- 2023Continual Pre-Training of Large Language Models: How to (re)warm your model?8 Aug 2023
- 2023Just a Glimpse: Rethinking Temporal Information for Video Continual Learning28 May 2023
- 2023Condensed Prototype Replay for Class Incremental Learning25 May 2023
- 2023Selective Amnesia: A Continual Learning Approach to Forgetting in Deep Generative Models17 May 2023
- 2023Adversary Aware Continual Learning27 Apr 2023
- 2023Continual Diffusion: Continual Customization of Text-to-Image Diffusion with C-LoRA12 Apr 2023
- 2023Exploring Continual Learning of Diffusion Models27 Mar 2023
- 2023Continual Learning for Predictive Maintenance: Overview and Challenges29 Jan 2023
- 2022Self-Activating Neural Ensembles for Continual Reinforcement Learning31 Dec 2022
- 2022Continual Learning Approaches for Anomaly Detection21 Dec 2022
- 2022PIVOT: Prompting for Video Continual Learning9 Dec 2022
- 2022CODA-Prompt: COntinual Decomposed Attention-based Prompting for Rehearsal-Free Continual Learning23 Nov 2022
- 2022Review learning: Real world validation of privacy preserving continual learning across medical institutions17 Oct 2022
- 2022Beyond Supervised Continual Learning: a Review30 Aug 2022
- 2022A Benchmark and Empirical Analysis for Replay Strategies in Continual Learning4 Aug 2022
- 2022Memory Population in Continual Learning via Outlier Elimination4 Jul 2022
- 2022Self-distilled Knowledge Delegator for Exemplar-free Class Incremental Learning23 May 2022
- 2022Incremental Learning with Differentiable Architecture and Forgetting Search19 May 2022
- 2022Entropy-based Stability-Plasticity for Lifelong Learning18 Apr 2022
- 2022Generative Negative Replay for Continual Learning12 Apr 2022
- 2022FOSTER: Feature Boosting and Compression for Class-Incremental Learning10 Apr 2022
- 2022A Closer Look at Rehearsal-Free Continual Learning31 Mar 2022
- 2022False Memory Formation in Continual Learners Through Imperceptible Backdoor Trigger9 Feb 2022
- 2022PaRT: Parallel Learning Towards Robust and Transparent AI24 Jan 2022
- 2021DyTox: Transformers for Continual Learning with DYnamic TOken eXpansion22 Nov 2021
- 2021Continual Learning via Local Module Composition15 Nov 2021
- 2021CLEVA-Compass: A Continual Learning EValuation Assessment Compass to Promote Research Transparency and Comparability7 Oct 2021
- 2021Recent Advances of Continual Learning in Computer Vision: An Overview23 Sep 2021
50 newest of 69 All 69 (JSON)
- 2023Continual Diffusion: Continual Customization of Text-to-Image Diffusion with C-LoRAcited by 138
- 2023Exploring Continual Learning of Diffusion Modelscited by 15
- 2024Joint Diffusion models in Continual Learningcited by 6
- 2024Lifelong Learning of Video Diffusion Models From a Single Video Streamcited by 2
- 2024Joint Diffusion models in Continual Learning12 Nov 2024
- 2024Lifelong Learning of Video Diffusion Models From a Single Video Stream7 Jun 2024
- 2023Continual Diffusion: Continual Customization of Text-to-Image Diffusion with C-LoRA12 Apr 2023
- 2023Exploring Continual Learning of Diffusion Models27 Mar 2023
- 2023Adversary Aware Continual Learningcited by 3
- 2023Adversary Aware Continual Learning27 Apr 2023
- 2021iMAP: Implicit Mapping and Positioning in Real-Timecited by 476
- 2022CODA-Prompt: COntinual Decomposed Attention-based Prompting for Rehearsal-Free Continual Learningcited by 446
- 2021DyTox: Transformers for Continual Learning with DYnamic TOken eXpansioncited by 291
- 2021Online Continual Learning in Image Classification: An Empirical Surveycited by 242
- 2022FOSTER: Feature Boosting and Compression for Class-Incremental Learningcited by 228
- 2023Selective Amnesia: A Continual Learning Approach to Forgetting in Deep Generative Modelscited by 175
- 2023Continual Pre-Training of Large Language Models: How to (re)warm your model?cited by 135
- 2021Always Be Dreaming: A New Approach for Data-Free Class-Incremental Learningcited by 130
- 2024Continual Learning and Catastrophic Forgettingcited by 73
- 2021Replay in Deep Learning: Current Approaches and Missing Biological Elementscited by 71
- 2021Continual Learning via Local Module Compositioncited by 61
- 2024Analyzing and Reducing Catastrophic Forgetting in Parameter Efficient Tuningcited by 59
12 most cited of 61 All 61 (JSON)
- 2026Chameleons do not Forget: Prompt-Based Online Continual Learning for Next Activity Prediction1 Apr 2026
- 2025H2C: Hippocampal Circuit-inspired Continual Learning for Lifelong Trajectory Prediction in Autonomous Driving2 Aug 2025
- 2025Leveraging Lightweight Generators for Memory Efficient Continual Learning24 Jun 2025
- 2024Task Confusion and Catastrophic Forgetting in Class-Incremental Learning: A Mathematical Framework for Discriminative and Generative Modelings28 Oct 2024
- 2024Hybrid Memory Replay: Blending Real and Distilled Data for Class Incremental Learning20 Oct 2024
- 2024CFTS-GAN: Continual Few-Shot Teacher Student for Generative Adversarial Networks17 Oct 2024
- 2024How to Leverage Predictive Uncertainty Estimates for Reducing Catastrophic Forgetting in Online Continual Learning10 Jul 2024
- 2024Federated Continual Learning Goes Online: Uncertainty-Aware Memory Management for Vision Tasks and Beyond29 May 2024
- 2024Text-Enhanced Data-free Approach for Federated Class-Incremental Learning21 Mar 2024
- 2024Coherent Temporal Synthesis for Incremental Action Segmentation10 Mar 2024
- 2024Continual Learning and Catastrophic Forgetting8 Mar 2024
- 2024Analyzing and Reducing Catastrophic Forgetting in Parameter Efficient Tuning29 Feb 2024
12 newest of 61 All 61 (JSON)