mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Deep One-Class Classification via Interpolated Gaussian Descriptor

arXiv 2101.10043 ↗First posted 25 Jan 2021cs.CVcited by 67

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Abstract (arXiv)

One-class classification (OCC) aims to learn an effective data description to enclose all normal training samples and detect anomalies based on the deviation from the data description. Current state-of-the-art OCC models learn a compact normality description by hyper-sphere minimisation, but they often suffer from overfitting the training data, especially when the training set is small or contaminated with anomalous samples. To address this issue, we introduce the interpolated Gaussian descriptor (IGD) method, a novel OCC model that learns a one-class Gaussian anomaly classifier trained with adversarially interpolated training samples. The Gaussian anomaly classifier differentiates the training samples based on their distance to the Gaussian centre and the standard deviation of these distances, offering the model a discriminability w.r.t. the given samples during training. The adversarial interpolation is enforced to consistently learn a smooth Gaussian descriptor, even when the training data is small or contaminated with anomalous samples. This enables our model to learn the data description based on the representative normal samples rather than fringe or anomalous samples, resulting in significantly improved normality description. In extensive experiments on diverse popular benchmarks, including MNIST, Fashion MNIST, CIFAR10, MVTec AD and two medical datasets, IGD achieves better detection accuracy than current state-of-the-art models. IGD also shows better robustness in problems with small or contaminated training sets. Code is available at https://github.com/tianyu0207/IGD.

Key facts. Cited by 67 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 48 of its 82 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Jan 2021.

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48 of 82 references.

References · 48

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  14. 2020Classification-Based Anomaly Detection for General Datacited by 210
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  21. 2020Learning and Evaluating Representations for Deep One-class Classificationcited by 133
  22. 2019Anomaly Detection in Video Sequence with Appearance-Motion Correspondencecited by 118
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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 8; 2023: 19; 2024: 17; 2025: 16; 2026: 5.

67 papers.

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  1. 2023AnomalyCLIP: Object-agnostic Prompt Learning for Zero-shot Anomaly Detectioncited by 270
  2. 2023SimpleNet: A Simple Network for Image Anomaly Detection and Localizationcited by 256
  3. 2023Deep Industrial Image Anomaly Detection: A Surveycited by 147
  4. 2022Catching Both Gray and Black Swans: Open-set Supervised Anomaly Detectioncited by 104
  5. 2024Toward Generalist Anomaly Detection via In-context Residual Learning with Few-shot Sample Promptscited by 88
  6. 2021Pixel-wise Energy-biased Abstention Learning for Anomaly Segmentation on Complex Urban Driving Scenescited by 83
  7. 2024A Survey on Visual Anomaly Detection: Challenge, Approach, and Prospectcited by 69
  8. 2023IM-IAD: Industrial Image Anomaly Detection Benchmark in Manufacturingcited by 64
  9. 2024SoftPatch: Unsupervised Anomaly Detection with Noisy Datacited by 55
  10. 2025Towards Zero-Shot Anomaly Detection and Reasoning with Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 54
  11. 2024MuSc: Zero-Shot Industrial Anomaly Classification and Segmentation with Mutual Scoring of the Unlabeled Imagescited by 52
  12. 2024Weakly Supervised Video Anomaly Detection and Localization with Spatio-Temporal Promptscited by 40
38 more
  1. 2023Anomaly Detection under Distribution Shiftcited by 35
  2. 2021SQUID: Deep Feature In-Painting for Unsupervised Anomaly Detectioncited by 34
  3. 2024PointAD: Comprehending 3D Anomalies from Points and Pixels for Zero-shot 3D Anomaly Detectioncited by 29
  4. 2023Anomaly Heterogeneity Learning for Open-set Supervised Anomaly Detectioncited by 25
  5. 2024MedIAnomaly: A comparative study of anomaly detection in medical imagescited by 25
  6. 2022Perturbation Learning Based Anomaly Detectioncited by 24
  7. 2023Target before Shooting: Accurate Anomaly Detection and Localization under One Millisecond via Cascade Patch Retrievalcited by 22
  8. 2024Fine-grained Abnormality Prompt Learning for Zero-shot Anomaly Detectioncited by 22
  9. 2022A Survey on Unsupervised Anomaly Detection Algorithms for Industrial Imagescited by 21
  10. 2022Contrastive Transformer-based Multiple Instance Learning for Weakly Supervised Polyp Frame Detectioncited by 20
  11. 2024Progressive Boundary Guided Anomaly Synthesis for Industrial Anomaly Detectioncited by 16
  12. 2022Unsupervised Anomaly Detection in Medical Images with a Memory-augmented Multi-level Cross-attentional Masked Autoencodercited by 15
  13. 2023CSL: Class-Agnostic Structure-Constrained Learning for Segmentation Including the Unseencited by 15
  14. 2024Exploiting Structural Consistency of Chest Anatomy for Unsupervised Anomaly Detection in Radiography Imagescited by 13
  15. 2022Anatomy-aware Self-supervised Learning for Anomaly Detection in Chest Radiographscited by 12
  16. 2023Deep Orthogonal Hypersphere Compression for Anomaly Detectioncited by 12
  17. 2025MetaUAS: Universal Anomaly Segmentation with One-Prompt Meta-Learningcited by 12
  18. 2025Normal-Abnormal Guided Generalist Anomaly Detectioncited by 10
  19. 2023FewSOME: One-Class Few Shot Anomaly Detection with Siamese Networkscited by 8
  20. 2023AMAE: Adaptation of Pre-Trained Masked Autoencoder for Dual-Distribution Anomaly Detection in Chest X-Rayscited by 8
  21. 2024FUN-AD: Fully Unsupervised Learning for Anomaly Detection with Noisy Training Datacited by 8
  22. 2024Toward Multi-class Anomaly Detection: Exploring Class-aware Unified Model against Inter-class Interferencecited by 7
  23. 2024SoftPatch+: Fully Unsupervised Anomaly Classification and Segmentationcited by 7
  24. 2025Center-aware Residual Anomaly Synthesis for Multi-class Industrial Anomaly Detectioncited by 7
  25. 2023Industrial Anomaly Detection and Localization Using Weakly-Supervised Residual Transformerscited by 6
  26. 2025Robust Distribution Alignment for Industrial Anomaly Detection under Distribution Shiftcited by 5
  27. 2025TailedCore: Few-Shot Sampling for Unsupervised Long-Tail Noisy Anomaly Detectioncited by 5
  28. 2025CostFilter-AD: Enhancing Anomaly Detection through Matching Cost Filteringcited by 5
  29. 2023Rethinking Polyp Segmentation from an Out-of-Distribution Perspectivecited by 4
  30. 2023Feasibility of Universal Anomaly Detection without Knowing the Abnormality in Medical Imagescited by 3
  31. 2023That's BAD: Blind Anomaly Detection by Implicit Local Feature Clusteringcited by 3
  32. 2024Position-Guided Prompt Learning for Anomaly Detection in Chest X-Rayscited by 3
  33. 2025Focus on Texture: Rethinking Pre-training in Masked Autoencoders for Medical Image Classificationcited by 3
  34. 2022Discriminative Feature Learning Framework with Gradient Preference for Anomaly Detectioncited by 2
  35. 2023SaliencyCut: Augmenting Plausible Anomalies for Anomaly Detectioncited by 2
  36. 2023Restricted Generative Projection for One-Class Classification and Anomaly Detectioncited by 2
  37. 2024Critical Review for One-class Classification: recent advances and the reality behind themcited by 2
  38. 2023Semantic Role Labeling Guided Out-of-distribution Detectioncited by 1

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