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Learning and Evaluating Representations for Deep One-class Classification

arXiv 2011.02578 ↗First posted 4 Nov 2020cs.CVcited by 133

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Abstract (arXiv)

We present a two-stage framework for deep one-class classification. We first learn self-supervised representations from one-class data, and then build one-class classifiers on learned representations. The framework not only allows to learn better representations, but also permits building one-class classifiers that are faithful to the target task. We argue that classifiers inspired by the statistical perspective in generative or discriminative models are more effective than existing approaches, such as a normality score from a surrogate classifier. We thoroughly evaluate different self-supervised representation learning algorithms under the proposed framework for one-class classification. Moreover, we present a novel distribution-augmented contrastive learning that extends training distributions via data augmentation to obstruct the uniformity of contrastive representations. In experiments, we demonstrate state-of-the-art performance on visual domain one-class classification benchmarks, including novelty and anomaly detection. Finally, we present visual explanations, confirming that the decision-making process of deep one-class classifiers is intuitive to humans. The code is available at https://github.com/google-research/deep_representation_one_class.

Key facts. Cited by 133 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 4 Nov 2020.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 28; 2022: 35; 2023: 29; 2024: 19; 2025: 13; 2026: 9.

133 papers.

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  1. 2021CutPaste: Self-Supervised Learning for Anomaly Detection and Localizationcited by 529
  2. 2022SPot-the-Difference Self-Supervised Pre-training for Anomaly Detection and Segmentationcited by 397
  3. 2023SimpleNet: A Simple Network for Image Anomaly Detection and Localizationcited by 256
  4. 2021A Unified Survey on Anomaly, Novelty, Open-Set, and Out-of-Distribution Detection: Solutions and Future Challengescited by 154
  5. 2023Deep Industrial Image Anomaly Detection: A Surveycited by 147
  6. 2022Catching Both Gray and Black Swans: Open-set Supervised Anomaly Detectioncited by 104
  7. 2021Neural Transformation Learning for Deep Anomaly Detection Beyond Imagescited by 98
  8. 2021Mean-Shifted Contrastive Loss for Anomaly Detectioncited by 87
  9. 2021CrossCLR: Cross-modal Contrastive Learning For Multi-modal Video Representationscited by 72
  10. 2021Deep One-Class Classification via Interpolated Gaussian Descriptorcited by 67
  11. 2023IM-IAD: Industrial Image Anomaly Detection Benchmark in Manufacturingcited by 64
  12. 2023ReContrast: Domain-Specific Anomaly Detection via Contrastive Reconstructioncited by 62
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  1. 2023Segment Any Anomaly without Training via Hybrid Prompt Regularizationcited by 59
  2. 2022SeeABLE: Soft Discrepancies and Bounded Contrastive Learning for Exposing Deepfakescited by 49
  3. 2022Latent Outlier Exposure for Anomaly Detection with Contaminated Datacited by 48
  4. 2021Constrained Contrastive Distribution Learning for Unsupervised Anomaly Detection and Localisation in Medical Imagescited by 45
  5. 2022Partial and Asymmetric Contrastive Learning for Out-of-Distribution Detection in Long-Tailed Recognitioncited by 44
  6. 2023Multimodal Industrial Anomaly Detection by Crossmodal Feature Mappingcited by 41
  7. 2022Exposing Outlier Exposure: What Can Be Learned From Few, One, and Zero Outlier Imagescited by 35
  8. 2021Object-aware Contrastive Learning for Debiased Scene Representationcited by 34
  9. 2021Focus Your Distribution: Coarse-to-Fine Non-Contrastive Learning for Anomaly Detection and Localizationcited by 32
  10. 2021Transformaly -- Two (Feature Spaces) Are Better Than Onecited by 25
  11. 2024MedIAnomaly: A comparative study of anomaly detection in medical imagescited by 25
  12. 2021Self-supervised Pseudo Multi-class Pre-training for Unsupervised Anomaly Detection and Segmentation in Medical Imagescited by 23
  13. 2021Taxonomy of Machine Learning Safety: A Survey and Primercited by 22
  14. 2022A Survey on Unsupervised Anomaly Detection Algorithms for Industrial Imagescited by 21
  15. 2021Self-supervise, Refine, Repeat: Improving Unsupervised Anomaly Detectioncited by 20
  16. 2022Reconstruction from edge image combined with color and gradient difference for industrial surface anomaly detectioncited by 18
  17. 2022Dual-Distribution Discrepancy for Anomaly Detection in Chest X-Rayscited by 17
  18. 2021Do We Really Need to Learn Representations from In-domain Data for Outlier Detection?cited by 16
  19. 2023EAT: Towards Long-Tailed Out-of-Distribution Detectioncited by 16
  20. 2022Data-Efficient and Interpretable Tabular Anomaly Detectioncited by 15
  21. 2022Unsupervised Anomaly Detection in Medical Images with a Memory-augmented Multi-level Cross-attentional Masked Autoencodercited by 15
  22. 2023Explainable Time Series Anomaly Detection using Masked Latent Generative Modelingcited by 15
  23. 2022Towards Textual Out-of-Domain Detection without In-Domain Labelscited by 14
  24. 2022Anomaly Detection Requires Better Representationscited by 14
  25. 2023Beyond Individual Input for Deep Anomaly Detection on Tabular Datacited by 14
  26. 2021Towards Fine-grained Visual Representations by Combining Contrastive Learning with Image Reconstruction and Attention-weighted Poolingcited by 13
  27. 2021Anomaly Clustering: Grouping Images into Coherent Clusters of Anomaly Typescited by 13
  28. 2024COFT-AD: COntrastive Fine-Tuning for Few-Shot Anomaly Detectioncited by 13
  29. 2023Deep Orthogonal Hypersphere Compression for Anomaly Detectioncited by 12
  30. 2021Unsupervised Outlier Detection using Memory and Contrastive Learningcited by 11
  31. 2022Benchmarking Unsupervised Anomaly Detection and Localizationcited by 11
  32. 2022CADet: Fully Self-Supervised Out-Of-Distribution Detection With Contrastive Learningcited by 11
  33. 2022Learning image representations for anomaly detection: application to discovery of histological alterations in drug developmentcited by 11
  34. 2022N-pad : Neighboring Pixel-based Industrial Anomaly Detectioncited by 11
  35. 2023ProtoFL: Unsupervised Federated Learning via Prototypical Distillationcited by 11
  36. 2023Open-Set Graph Anomaly Detection via Normal Structure Regularisationcited by 11
  37. 2021Contrastive Predictive Coding for Anomaly Detectioncited by 10
  38. 2022Deep Contrastive One-Class Time Series Anomaly Detectioncited by 10

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