Learning and Evaluating Representations for Deep One-class Classification
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Abstract (arXiv)
We present a two-stage framework for deep one-class classification. We first learn self-supervised representations from one-class data, and then build one-class classifiers on learned representations. The framework not only allows to learn better representations, but also permits building one-class classifiers that are faithful to the target task. We argue that classifiers inspired by the statistical perspective in generative or discriminative models are more effective than existing approaches, such as a normality score from a surrogate classifier. We thoroughly evaluate different self-supervised representation learning algorithms under the proposed framework for one-class classification. Moreover, we present a novel distribution-augmented contrastive learning that extends training distributions via data augmentation to obstruct the uniformity of contrastive representations. In experiments, we demonstrate state-of-the-art performance on visual domain one-class classification benchmarks, including novelty and anomaly detection. Finally, we present visual explanations, confirming that the decision-making process of deep one-class classifiers is intuitive to humans. The code is available at https://github.com/google-research/deep_representation_one_class.
Key facts. Cited by 133 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 4 Nov 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 28; 2022: 35; 2023: 29; 2024: 19; 2025: 13; 2026: 9.
133 papers.
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50 most cited of 133 All 133 (JSON)
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50 newest of 133 All 133 (JSON)
- 2024Retrieval Augmented Deep Anomaly Detection for Tabular Data30 Jan 2024
- 2021CutPaste: Self-Supervised Learning for Anomaly Detection and Localizationcited by 529
- 2022SPot-the-Difference Self-Supervised Pre-training for Anomaly Detection and Segmentationcited by 397
- 2023SimpleNet: A Simple Network for Image Anomaly Detection and Localizationcited by 256
- 2021A Unified Survey on Anomaly, Novelty, Open-Set, and Out-of-Distribution Detection: Solutions and Future Challengescited by 154
- 2023Deep Industrial Image Anomaly Detection: A Surveycited by 147
- 2022Catching Both Gray and Black Swans: Open-set Supervised Anomaly Detectioncited by 104
- 2021Neural Transformation Learning for Deep Anomaly Detection Beyond Imagescited by 98
- 2021Mean-Shifted Contrastive Loss for Anomaly Detectioncited by 87
- 2021CrossCLR: Cross-modal Contrastive Learning For Multi-modal Video Representationscited by 72
- 2021Deep One-Class Classification via Interpolated Gaussian Descriptorcited by 67
- 2023IM-IAD: Industrial Image Anomaly Detection Benchmark in Manufacturingcited by 64
- 2023ReContrast: Domain-Specific Anomaly Detection via Contrastive Reconstructioncited by 62
12 most cited of 131 All 131 (JSON)
- 2026Contrastive Knowledge Distillation for Anomaly Detection in Multi-Illumination/Focus Display Images1 Sep 2026
- 2026PADFormer: Pose-agnostic Anomaly Detection from Sparse View Images4 Aug 2026
- 2026Deep Convolutional Large-Margin ℓp-SVDD for Visual Anomaly Detection24 Jul 2026
- 2026CFR-Net:Collaborative Feature Refinement Network for Medical Image Anomaly Detection13 Jul 2026
- 2026Component-Based Out-of-Distribution Detection23 Apr 2026
- 2026Modulate-and-Map: Crossmodal Feature Mapping with Cross-View Modulation for 3D Anomaly Detection2 Apr 2026
- 2026VisualAD: Language-Free Zero-Shot Anomaly Detection via Vision Transformer9 Mar 2026
- 2026SpaCRD: Multimodal Deep Fusion of Histology and Spatial Transcriptomics for Cancer Region Detection6 Mar 2026
- 2026Dual Distillation for Few-Shot Anomaly Detection2 Mar 2026
- 2025CEDL: Centre-Enhanced Discriminative Learning for Anomaly Detection15 Nov 2025
- 2025Enhancing Zero-Shot Anomaly Detection: CLIP-SAM Collaboration with Cascaded Prompts13 Oct 2025
- 2025LLM as an Algorithmist: Enhancing Anomaly Detectors via Programmatic Synthesis4 Oct 2025
12 newest of 131 All 131 (JSON)