mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

ORDisCo: Effective and Efficient Usage of Incremental Unlabeled Data for Semi-supervised Continual Learning

arXiv 2101.00407 ↗First posted 2 Jan 2021cs.LG cs.AI stat.MLcited by 68

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Abstract (arXiv)

Continual learning usually assumes the incoming data are fully labeled, which might not be applicable in real applications. In this work, we consider semi-supervised continual learning (SSCL) that incrementally learns from partially labeled data. Observing that existing continual learning methods lack the ability to continually exploit the unlabeled data, we propose deep Online Replay with Discriminator Consistency (ORDisCo) to interdependently learn a classifier with a conditional generative adversarial network (GAN), which continually passes the learned data distribution to the classifier. In particular, ORDisCo replays data sampled from the conditional generator to the classifier in an online manner, exploiting unlabeled data in a time- and storage-efficient way. Further, to explicitly overcome the catastrophic forgetting of unlabeled data, we selectively stabilize parameters of the discriminator that are important for discriminating the pairs of old unlabeled data and their pseudo-labels predicted by the classifier. We extensively evaluate ORDisCo on various semi-supervised learning benchmark datasets for SSCL, and show that ORDisCo achieves significant performance improvement on SVHN, CIFAR10 and Tiny-ImageNet, compared to strong baselines.

Key facts. Cited by 68 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 30 of its 49 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 2 Jan 2021.

Builds on

30 of 49 references.

References · 30

  1. 2016Overcoming catastrophic forgetting in neural networkscited by 4,718
  2. 2016Improved Techniques for Training GANscited by 2,938
  3. 2016iCaRL: Incremental Classifier and Representation Learningcited by 2,313
  4. 2014Conditional Generative Adversarial Netscited by 2,152
  5. 2020FixMatch: Simplifying Semi-Supervised Learning with Consistency and Confidencecited by 2,080
  6. 2015Unsupervised Representation Learning with Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 2,048
  7. 2018Continual Lifelong Learning with Neural Networks: A Reviewcited by 1,313
  8. 2017Continual Learning with Deep Generative Replaycited by 1,152
  9. 2017Memory Aware Synapses: Learning what (not) to forgetcited by 1,094
  10. 2016Temporal Ensembling for Semi-Supervised Learningcited by 1,054
  11. 2017Virtual Adversarial Training: A Regularization Method for Supervised and Semi-Supervised Learningcited by 918
  12. 2018Riemannian Walk for Incremental Learning: Understanding Forgetting and Intransigencecited by 734
18 more
  1. 2019Large Scale Incremental Learningcited by 727
  2. 2018End-to-End Incremental Learningcited by 596
  3. 2016Conditional Image Synthesis With Auxiliary Classifier GANscited by 562
  4. 2017Mean teachers are better role models: Weight-averaged consistency targets improve semi-supervised deep learning resultscited by 470
  5. 2019Label Propagation for Deep Semi-supervised Learningcited by 287
  6. 2020Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learningcited by 249
  7. 2020Mnemonics Training: Multi-Class Incremental Learning without Forgettingcited by 220
  8. 2019Meta-Learning Representations for Continual Learningcited by 189
  9. 2019Learning to Remember: A Synaptic Plasticity Driven Framework for Continual Learningcited by 181
  10. 2019Continual Unsupervised Representation Learningcited by 147
  11. 2020Generative Feature Replay For Class-Incremental Learningcited by 109
  12. 2015Unsupervised and Semi-supervised Learning with Categorical Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 94
  13. 2018There Are Many Consistent Explanations of Unlabeled Data: Why You Should Averagecited by 82
  14. 2018Memory Replay GANs: learning to generate images from new categories without forgettingcited by 76
  15. 2017Triple Generative Adversarial Netscited by 59
  16. 2017Smooth Neighbors on Teacher Graphs for Semi-supervised Learningcited by 48
  17. 2019Triple Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 11
  18. 2020Cognitively-Inspired Model for Incremental Learning Using a Few Examplescited by 2

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 5; 2022: 14; 2023: 20; 2024: 15; 2025: 9; 2026: 5.

68 papers.

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  1. 2023A Comprehensive Survey of Continual Learning: Theory, Method and Applicationcited by 860
  2. 2022FOSTER: Feature Boosting and Compression for Class-Incremental Learningcited by 228
  3. 2023Class-Incremental Learning: A Surveycited by 209
  4. 2023SLCA: Slow Learner with Classifier Alignment for Continual Learning on a Pre-trained Modelcited by 178
  5. 2023Hierarchical Decomposition of Prompt-Based Continual Learning: Rethinking Obscured Sub-optimalitycited by 121
  6. 2022The CLEAR Benchmark: Continual LEArning on Real-World Imagerycited by 92
  7. 2022Memory Replay with Data Compression for Continual Learningcited by 80
  8. 2021AFEC: Active Forgetting of Negative Transfer in Continual Learningcited by 73
  9. 2023A Comprehensive Survey of Forgetting in Deep Learning Beyond Continual Learningcited by 66
  10. 2021Recent Advances of Continual Learning in Computer Vision: An Overviewcited by 55
  11. 2022A Probabilistic Framework for Lifelong Test-Time Adaptationcited by 44
  12. 2022CoSCL: Cooperation of Small Continual Learners is Stronger than a Big Onecited by 43
38 more
  1. 2023Incorporating Neuro-Inspired Adaptability for Continual Learning in Artificial Intelligencecited by 43
  2. 2023Weighted Ensemble Models Are Strong Continual Learnerscited by 41
  3. 2023Continual Vision-Language Representation Learning with Off-Diagonal Informationcited by 40
  4. 2021Continually Learning Self-Supervised Representations with Projected Functional Regularizationcited by 38
  5. 2023Class-Incremental Learning using Diffusion Model for Distillation and Replaycited by 31
  6. 2021How Well Does Self-Supervised Pre-Training Perform with Streaming Data?cited by 29
  7. 2024AIDE: An Automatic Data Engine for Object Detection in Autonomous Drivingcited by 26
  8. 2023ICICLE: Interpretable Class Incremental Continual Learningcited by 24
  9. 2024Diffusion-Driven Data Replay: A Novel Approach to Combat Forgetting in Federated Class Continual Learningcited by 23
  10. 2022InCloud: Incremental Learning for Point Cloud Place Recognitioncited by 22
  11. 2022Learning to Imagine: Diversify Memory for Incremental Learning using Unlabeled Datacited by 19
  12. 2022Generative Negative Text Replay for Continual Vision-Language Pretrainingcited by 18
  13. 2022A soft nearest-neighbor framework for continual semi-supervised learningcited by 17
  14. 2024Orchestrate Latent Expertise: Advancing Online Continual Learning with Multi-Level Supervision and Reverse Self-Distillationcited by 16
  15. 2021A Survey on Semi-Supervised Learning for Delayed Partially Labelled Data Streamscited by 15
  16. 2022Meta-Learning with Less Forgetting on Large-Scale Non-Stationary Task Distributionscited by 14
  17. 2023Plasticity-Optimized Complementary Networks for Unsupervised Continual Learningcited by 14
  18. 2024SLCA++: Unleash the Power of Sequential Fine-tuning for Continual Learning with Pre-trainingcited by 10
  19. 2025ReplayCAD: Generative Diffusion Replay for Continual Anomaly Detectioncited by 9
  20. 2023Dynamic Sub-graph Distillation for Robust Semi-supervised Continual Learningcited by 8
  21. 2022Learn from Yesterday: A Semi-Supervised Continual Learning Method for Supervision-Limited Text-to-SQL Task Streamscited by 7
  22. 2024ATLAS: Adapter-Based Multi-Modal Continual Learning with a Two-Stage Learning Strategycited by 7
  23. 2025Self-Reinforcing Prototype Evolution with Dual-Knowledge Cooperation for Semi-Supervised Lifelong Person Re-Identificationcited by 7
  24. 2024Joint Diffusion models in Continual Learningcited by 6
  25. 2023Category Adaptation Meets Projected Distillation in Generalized Continual Category Discoverycited by 5
  26. 2025CSTA: Spatial-Temporal Causal Adaptive Learning for Exemplar-Free Video Class-Incremental Learningcited by 5
  27. 2022Queried Unlabeled Data Improves and Robustifies Class-Incremental Learningcited by 4
  28. 2022Exemplar-free Continual Learning of Vision Transformers via Gated Class-Attention and Cascaded Feature Drift Compensationcited by 4
  29. 2025Continual Hyperbolic Learning of Instances and Classescited by 4
  30. 2023Adiabatic replay for continual learningcited by 3
  31. 2024Hierarchical Augmentation and Distillation for Class Incremental Audio-Visual Video Recognitioncited by 3
  32. 2025Divide-and-Conquer for Enhancing Unlabeled Learning, Stability, and Plasticity in Semi-supervised Continual Learningcited by 3
  33. 2023Towards Label-Efficient Incremental Learning: A Surveycited by 2
  34. 2024Dual-CBA: Improving Online Continual Learning via Dual Continual Bias Adaptors from a Bi-level Optimization Perspectivecited by 2
  35. 2022Semi-Supervised Lifelong Language Learningcited by 1
  36. 2023Condensed Prototype Replay for Class Incremental Learningcited by 1
  37. 2024Variational Bayes for Federated Continual Learningcited by 1
  38. 2024Forward-Backward Knowledge Distillation for Continual Clusteringcited by 1

50 most cited of 68 All 68 (JSON)