ORDisCo: Effective and Efficient Usage of Incremental Unlabeled Data for Semi-supervised Continual Learning
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Continual learning usually assumes the incoming data are fully labeled, which might not be applicable in real applications. In this work, we consider semi-supervised continual learning (SSCL) that incrementally learns from partially labeled data. Observing that existing continual learning methods lack the ability to continually exploit the unlabeled data, we propose deep Online Replay with Discriminator Consistency (ORDisCo) to interdependently learn a classifier with a conditional generative adversarial network (GAN), which continually passes the learned data distribution to the classifier. In particular, ORDisCo replays data sampled from the conditional generator to the classifier in an online manner, exploiting unlabeled data in a time- and storage-efficient way. Further, to explicitly overcome the catastrophic forgetting of unlabeled data, we selectively stabilize parameters of the discriminator that are important for discriminating the pairs of old unlabeled data and their pseudo-labels predicted by the classifier. We extensively evaluate ORDisCo on various semi-supervised learning benchmark datasets for SSCL, and show that ORDisCo achieves significant performance improvement on SVHN, CIFAR10 and Tiny-ImageNet, compared to strong baselines.
Key facts. Cited by 68 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 30 of its 49 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 2 Jan 2021.
Builds on
30 of 49 references.
References · 30
- 2016Overcoming catastrophic forgetting in neural networkscited by 4,718
- 2016Improved Techniques for Training GANscited by 2,938
- 2016iCaRL: Incremental Classifier and Representation Learningcited by 2,313
- 2014Conditional Generative Adversarial Netscited by 2,152
- 2020FixMatch: Simplifying Semi-Supervised Learning with Consistency and Confidencecited by 2,080
- 2015Unsupervised Representation Learning with Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 2,048
- 2018Continual Lifelong Learning with Neural Networks: A Reviewcited by 1,313
- 2017Continual Learning with Deep Generative Replaycited by 1,152
- 2017Memory Aware Synapses: Learning what (not) to forgetcited by 1,094
- 2016Temporal Ensembling for Semi-Supervised Learningcited by 1,054
- 2017Virtual Adversarial Training: A Regularization Method for Supervised and Semi-Supervised Learningcited by 918
- 2018Riemannian Walk for Incremental Learning: Understanding Forgetting and Intransigencecited by 734
18 more
- 2019Large Scale Incremental Learningcited by 727
- 2018End-to-End Incremental Learningcited by 596
- 2016Conditional Image Synthesis With Auxiliary Classifier GANscited by 562
- 2017Mean teachers are better role models: Weight-averaged consistency targets improve semi-supervised deep learning resultscited by 470
- 2019Label Propagation for Deep Semi-supervised Learningcited by 287
- 2020Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learningcited by 249
- 2020Mnemonics Training: Multi-Class Incremental Learning without Forgettingcited by 220
- 2019Meta-Learning Representations for Continual Learningcited by 189
- 2019Learning to Remember: A Synaptic Plasticity Driven Framework for Continual Learningcited by 181
- 2019Continual Unsupervised Representation Learningcited by 147
- 2020Generative Feature Replay For Class-Incremental Learningcited by 109
- 2015Unsupervised and Semi-supervised Learning with Categorical Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 94
- 2018There Are Many Consistent Explanations of Unlabeled Data: Why You Should Averagecited by 82
- 2018Memory Replay GANs: learning to generate images from new categories without forgettingcited by 76
- 2017Triple Generative Adversarial Netscited by 59
- 2017Smooth Neighbors on Teacher Graphs for Semi-supervised Learningcited by 48
- 2019Triple Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 11
- 2020Cognitively-Inspired Model for Incremental Learning Using a Few Examplescited by 2
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2021: 5; 2022: 14; 2023: 20; 2024: 15; 2025: 9; 2026: 5.
68 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2023A Comprehensive Survey of Continual Learning: Theory, Method and Applicationcited by 860
- 2022FOSTER: Feature Boosting and Compression for Class-Incremental Learningcited by 228
- 2023Class-Incremental Learning: A Surveycited by 209
- 2023SLCA: Slow Learner with Classifier Alignment for Continual Learning on a Pre-trained Modelcited by 178
- 2023Hierarchical Decomposition of Prompt-Based Continual Learning: Rethinking Obscured Sub-optimalitycited by 121
- 2022The CLEAR Benchmark: Continual LEArning on Real-World Imagerycited by 92
- 2022Memory Replay with Data Compression for Continual Learningcited by 80
- 2021AFEC: Active Forgetting of Negative Transfer in Continual Learningcited by 73
- 2023A Comprehensive Survey of Forgetting in Deep Learning Beyond Continual Learningcited by 66
- 2021Recent Advances of Continual Learning in Computer Vision: An Overviewcited by 55
- 2022A Probabilistic Framework for Lifelong Test-Time Adaptationcited by 44
- 2022CoSCL: Cooperation of Small Continual Learners is Stronger than a Big Onecited by 43
38 more
- 2023Incorporating Neuro-Inspired Adaptability for Continual Learning in Artificial Intelligencecited by 43
- 2023Weighted Ensemble Models Are Strong Continual Learnerscited by 41
- 2023Continual Vision-Language Representation Learning with Off-Diagonal Informationcited by 40
- 2021Continually Learning Self-Supervised Representations with Projected Functional Regularizationcited by 38
- 2023Class-Incremental Learning using Diffusion Model for Distillation and Replaycited by 31
- 2021How Well Does Self-Supervised Pre-Training Perform with Streaming Data?cited by 29
- 2024AIDE: An Automatic Data Engine for Object Detection in Autonomous Drivingcited by 26
- 2023ICICLE: Interpretable Class Incremental Continual Learningcited by 24
- 2024Diffusion-Driven Data Replay: A Novel Approach to Combat Forgetting in Federated Class Continual Learningcited by 23
- 2022InCloud: Incremental Learning for Point Cloud Place Recognitioncited by 22
- 2022Learning to Imagine: Diversify Memory for Incremental Learning using Unlabeled Datacited by 19
- 2022Generative Negative Text Replay for Continual Vision-Language Pretrainingcited by 18
- 2022A soft nearest-neighbor framework for continual semi-supervised learningcited by 17
- 2024Orchestrate Latent Expertise: Advancing Online Continual Learning with Multi-Level Supervision and Reverse Self-Distillationcited by 16
- 2021A Survey on Semi-Supervised Learning for Delayed Partially Labelled Data Streamscited by 15
- 2022Meta-Learning with Less Forgetting on Large-Scale Non-Stationary Task Distributionscited by 14
- 2023Plasticity-Optimized Complementary Networks for Unsupervised Continual Learningcited by 14
- 2024SLCA++: Unleash the Power of Sequential Fine-tuning for Continual Learning with Pre-trainingcited by 10
- 2025ReplayCAD: Generative Diffusion Replay for Continual Anomaly Detectioncited by 9
- 2023Dynamic Sub-graph Distillation for Robust Semi-supervised Continual Learningcited by 8
- 2022Learn from Yesterday: A Semi-Supervised Continual Learning Method for Supervision-Limited Text-to-SQL Task Streamscited by 7
- 2024ATLAS: Adapter-Based Multi-Modal Continual Learning with a Two-Stage Learning Strategycited by 7
- 2025Self-Reinforcing Prototype Evolution with Dual-Knowledge Cooperation for Semi-Supervised Lifelong Person Re-Identificationcited by 7
- 2024Joint Diffusion models in Continual Learningcited by 6
- 2023Category Adaptation Meets Projected Distillation in Generalized Continual Category Discoverycited by 5
- 2025CSTA: Spatial-Temporal Causal Adaptive Learning for Exemplar-Free Video Class-Incremental Learningcited by 5
- 2022Queried Unlabeled Data Improves and Robustifies Class-Incremental Learningcited by 4
- 2022Exemplar-free Continual Learning of Vision Transformers via Gated Class-Attention and Cascaded Feature Drift Compensationcited by 4
- 2025Continual Hyperbolic Learning of Instances and Classescited by 4
- 2023Adiabatic replay for continual learningcited by 3
- 2024Hierarchical Augmentation and Distillation for Class Incremental Audio-Visual Video Recognitioncited by 3
- 2025Divide-and-Conquer for Enhancing Unlabeled Learning, Stability, and Plasticity in Semi-supervised Continual Learningcited by 3
- 2023Towards Label-Efficient Incremental Learning: A Surveycited by 2
- 2024Dual-CBA: Improving Online Continual Learning via Dual Continual Bias Adaptors from a Bi-level Optimization Perspectivecited by 2
- 2022Semi-Supervised Lifelong Language Learningcited by 1
- 2023Condensed Prototype Replay for Class Incremental Learningcited by 1
- 2024Variational Bayes for Federated Continual Learningcited by 1
- 2024Forward-Backward Knowledge Distillation for Continual Clusteringcited by 1
50 most cited of 68 All 68 (JSON)
- 2026MAGIC-SSCIL: Manifold Anchoring and Geometric Incremental Calibration for Semi-Supervised Class Incremental Learning5 Aug 2026
- 2026Unsupervised Continual Clustering via Forward-Backward Knowledge Distillation5 Jun 2026
- 2026SEED: Semi-supervised Continual MalwarE Detection for Tackling ConcEpt Drift on a BuDget24 May 2026
- 2026FuTCR: Future-Targeted Contrast and Repulsion for Continual Panoptic Segmentation12 May 2026
- 2026Cross-Sample Relational Fusion: Unifying Domain Generalization and Class-Incremental Learning9 May 2026
- 2025Incremental Human-Object Interaction Detection with Invariant Relation Representation Learning30 Oct 2025
- 2025Diffusion-Classifier Synergy: Reward-Aligned Learning via Mutual Boosting Loop for FSCIL4 Oct 2025
- 2025Learning Yourself: Class-Incremental Semantic Segmentation with Language-Inspired Bootstrapped Disentanglement30 Aug 2025
- 2025Divide-and-Conquer for Enhancing Unlabeled Learning, Stability, and Plasticity in Semi-supervised Continual Learning7 Aug 2025
- 2025Self-Reinforcing Prototype Evolution with Dual-Knowledge Cooperation for Semi-Supervised Lifelong Person Re-Identification2 Jul 2025
- 2025Continual Hyperbolic Learning of Instances and Classes12 Jun 2025
- 2025ReplayCAD: Generative Diffusion Replay for Continual Anomaly Detection10 May 2025
38 more
- 2025Enhancing Pre-Trained Model-Based Class-Incremental Learning through Neural Collapse25 Apr 2025
- 2025CSTA: Spatial-Temporal Causal Adaptive Learning for Exemplar-Free Video Class-Incremental Learning13 Jan 2025
- 2024Deep evolving semi-supervised anomaly detection1 Dec 2024
- 2024Joint Diffusion models in Continual Learning12 Nov 2024
- 2024Slowing Down Forgetting in Continual Learning11 Nov 2024
- 2024ATLAS: Adapter-Based Multi-Modal Continual Learning with a Two-Stage Learning Strategy14 Oct 2024
- 2024Diffusion-Driven Data Replay: A Novel Approach to Combat Forgetting in Federated Class Continual Learning2 Sep 2024
- 2024Dual-CBA: Improving Online Continual Learning via Dual Continual Bias Adaptors from a Bi-level Optimization Perspective26 Aug 2024
- 2024SLCA++: Unleash the Power of Sequential Fine-tuning for Continual Learning with Pre-training15 Aug 2024
- 2024AggSS: An Aggregated Self-Supervised Approach for Class-Incremental Learning8 Aug 2024
- 2024Addressing Imbalance for Class Incremental Learning in Medical Image Classification18 Jul 2024
- 2024TACLE: Task and Class-aware Exemplar-free Semi-supervised Class Incremental Learning10 Jul 2024
- 2024Forward-Backward Knowledge Distillation for Continual Clustering29 May 2024
- 2024Variational Bayes for Federated Continual Learning23 May 2024
- 2024Orchestrate Latent Expertise: Advancing Online Continual Learning with Multi-Level Supervision and Reverse Self-Distillation30 Mar 2024
- 2024AIDE: An Automatic Data Engine for Object Detection in Autonomous Driving26 Mar 2024
- 2024Hierarchical Augmentation and Distillation for Class Incremental Audio-Visual Video Recognition11 Jan 2024
- 2023Dynamic Sub-graph Distillation for Robust Semi-supervised Continual Learning27 Dec 2023
- 2023Weighted Ensemble Models Are Strong Continual Learners14 Dec 2023
- 2023DualTeacher: Bridging Coexistence of Unlabelled Classes for Semi-supervised Incremental Object Detection13 Dec 2023
- 2023Prior-Free Continual Learning with Unlabeled Data in the Wild16 Oct 2023
- 2023Hierarchical Decomposition of Prompt-Based Continual Learning: Rethinking Obscured Sub-optimality11 Oct 2023
- 2023Plasticity-Optimized Complementary Networks for Unsupervised Continual Learning12 Sep 2023
- 2023Incorporating Neuro-Inspired Adaptability for Continual Learning in Artificial Intelligence29 Aug 2023
- 2023Category Adaptation Meets Projected Distillation in Generalized Continual Category Discovery23 Aug 2023
- 2023A Comprehensive Survey of Forgetting in Deep Learning Beyond Continual Learning16 Jul 2023
- 2023Class-Incremental Learning using Diffusion Model for Distillation and Replay30 Jun 2023
- 2023Condensed Prototype Replay for Class Incremental Learning25 May 2023
- 2023Continual Vision-Language Representation Learning with Off-Diagonal Information11 May 2023
- 2023Adiabatic replay for continual learning23 Mar 2023
- 2023ICICLE: Interpretable Class Incremental Continual Learning14 Mar 2023
- 2023SLCA: Slow Learner with Classifier Alignment for Continual Learning on a Pre-trained Model9 Mar 2023
- 2023Class-Incremental Learning: A Survey7 Feb 2023
- 2023Towards Label-Efficient Incremental Learning: A Survey1 Feb 2023
- 2023A Comprehensive Survey of Continual Learning: Theory, Method and Application31 Jan 2023
- 2023Hierarchical Memory Pool Based Edge Semi-Supervised Continual Learning Method17 Jan 2023
- 2023A Distinct Unsupervised Reference Model From The Environment Helps Continual Learning11 Jan 2023
- 2022A Probabilistic Framework for Lifelong Test-Time Adaptation19 Dec 2022
50 newest of 68 All 68 (JSON)
- 2023Class-Incremental Learning using Diffusion Model for Distillation and Replaycited by 31
- 2024Diffusion-Driven Data Replay: A Novel Approach to Combat Forgetting in Federated Class Continual Learningcited by 23
- 2024Joint Diffusion models in Continual Learningcited by 6
- 2025Diffusion-Classifier Synergy: Reward-Aligned Learning via Mutual Boosting Loop for FSCILcited by 0
- 2025Diffusion-Classifier Synergy: Reward-Aligned Learning via Mutual Boosting Loop for FSCIL4 Oct 2025
- 2024Joint Diffusion models in Continual Learning12 Nov 2024
- 2024Diffusion-Driven Data Replay: A Novel Approach to Combat Forgetting in Federated Class Continual Learning2 Sep 2024
- 2023Class-Incremental Learning using Diffusion Model for Distillation and Replay30 Jun 2023
- 2023A Comprehensive Survey of Continual Learning: Theory, Method and Applicationcited by 860
- 2022FOSTER: Feature Boosting and Compression for Class-Incremental Learningcited by 228
- 2023Class-Incremental Learning: A Surveycited by 209
- 2023SLCA: Slow Learner with Classifier Alignment for Continual Learning on a Pre-trained Modelcited by 178
- 2023Hierarchical Decomposition of Prompt-Based Continual Learning: Rethinking Obscured Sub-optimalitycited by 121
- 2022The CLEAR Benchmark: Continual LEArning on Real-World Imagerycited by 92
- 2022Memory Replay with Data Compression for Continual Learningcited by 80
- 2021AFEC: Active Forgetting of Negative Transfer in Continual Learningcited by 73
- 2023A Comprehensive Survey of Forgetting in Deep Learning Beyond Continual Learningcited by 66
- 2021Recent Advances of Continual Learning in Computer Vision: An Overviewcited by 55
- 2022A Probabilistic Framework for Lifelong Test-Time Adaptationcited by 44
- 2022CoSCL: Cooperation of Small Continual Learners is Stronger than a Big Onecited by 43
12 most cited of 61 All 61 (JSON)
- 2026MAGIC-SSCIL: Manifold Anchoring and Geometric Incremental Calibration for Semi-Supervised Class Incremental Learning5 Aug 2026
- 2026Unsupervised Continual Clustering via Forward-Backward Knowledge Distillation5 Jun 2026
- 2026SEED: Semi-supervised Continual MalwarE Detection for Tackling ConcEpt Drift on a BuDget24 May 2026
- 2026FuTCR: Future-Targeted Contrast and Repulsion for Continual Panoptic Segmentation12 May 2026
- 2026Cross-Sample Relational Fusion: Unifying Domain Generalization and Class-Incremental Learning9 May 2026
- 2025Incremental Human-Object Interaction Detection with Invariant Relation Representation Learning30 Oct 2025
- 2025Divide-and-Conquer for Enhancing Unlabeled Learning, Stability, and Plasticity in Semi-supervised Continual Learning7 Aug 2025
- 2025Self-Reinforcing Prototype Evolution with Dual-Knowledge Cooperation for Semi-Supervised Lifelong Person Re-Identification2 Jul 2025
- 2025Continual Hyperbolic Learning of Instances and Classes12 Jun 2025
- 2025ReplayCAD: Generative Diffusion Replay for Continual Anomaly Detection10 May 2025
- 2025Enhancing Pre-Trained Model-Based Class-Incremental Learning through Neural Collapse25 Apr 2025
- 2025CSTA: Spatial-Temporal Causal Adaptive Learning for Exemplar-Free Video Class-Incremental Learning13 Jan 2025
12 newest of 61 All 61 (JSON)