InterpretML: A Unified Framework for Machine Learning Interpretability
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Abstract (arXiv)
InterpretML is an open-source Python package which exposes machine learning interpretability algorithms to practitioners and researchers. InterpretML exposes two types of interpretability - glassbox models, which are machine learning models designed for interpretability (ex: linear models, rule lists, generalized additive models), and blackbox explainability techniques for explaining existing systems (ex: Partial Dependence, LIME). The package enables practitioners to easily compare interpretability algorithms by exposing multiple methods under a unified API, and by having a built-in, extensible visualization platform. InterpretML also includes the first implementation of the Explainable Boosting Machine, a powerful, interpretable, glassbox model that can be as accurate as many blackbox models. The MIT licensed source code can be downloaded from github.com/microsoft/interpret.
Key facts. Cited by 246 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 19 Sep 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 41; 2022: 39; 2023: 43; 2024: 43; 2025: 32; 2026: 48.
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- 2023Capabilities of GPT-4 on Medical Challenge Problemscited by 638
- 2021Interpretable Machine Learning: Fundamental Principles and 10 Grand Challengescited by 367
- 2021Trustworthy AI: From Principles to Practicescited by 207
- 2021Benchmarking and Survey of Explanation Methods for Black Box Modelscited by 136
- 2021Robustness Gym: Unifying the NLP Evaluation Landscapecited by 108
- 2021Trustworthy AI: A Computational Perspectivecited by 93
- 2021A Comprehensive Taxonomy for Explainable Artificial Intelligence: A Systematic Survey of Surveys on Methods and Conceptscited by 91
- 2021NODE-GAM: Neural Generalized Additive Model for Interpretable Deep Learningcited by 88
- 2022From Shapley Values to Generalized Additive Models and backcited by 60
- 2022Neural Basis Models for Interpretabilitycited by 56
- 2021Software for Dataset-wide XAI: From Local Explanations to Global Insights with Zennit, CoRelAy, and ViRelAycited by 55
- 2022VL-InterpreT: An Interactive Visualization Tool for Interpreting Vision-Language Transformerscited by 53
38 more
- 2022A Survey on Explainable Anomaly Detectioncited by 39
- 2024PyRIT: A Framework for Security Risk Identification and Red Teaming in Generative AI Systemcited by 31
- 2023Exploring and Interacting with the Set of Good Sparse Generalized Additive Modelscited by 30
- 2022Sparse Interaction Additive Networks via Feature Interaction Detection and Sparse Selectioncited by 28
- 2024Farsight: Fostering Responsible AI Awareness During AI Application Prototypingcited by 28
- 2021Choice modelling in the age of machine learning -- discussion papercited by 26
- 2025Is Conversational XAI All You Need? Human-AI Decision Making With a Conversational XAI Assistantcited by 26
- 2022Scalable Interpretability via Polynomialscited by 25
- 2022Interpretability, Then What? Editing Machine Learning Models to Reflect Human Knowledge and Valuescited by 25
- 2024Navigating Shortcuts, Spurious Correlations, and Confounders: From Origins via Detection to Mitigationcited by 25
- 2021Accuracy, Interpretability, and Differential Privacy via Explainable Boostingcited by 24
- 2022Explainable AI for clinical and remote health applications: a survey on tabular and time series datacited by 24
- 2021Coalesced Multi-Output Tsetlin Machines with Clause Sharingcited by 22
- 2022OmniXAI: A Library for Explainable AIcited by 21
- 2022Fast Sparse Classification for Generalized Linear and Additive Modelscited by 19
- 2022Use-Case-Grounded Simulations for Explanation Evaluationcited by 19
- 2023Explainable, Interpretable & Trustworthy AI for Intelligent Digital Twin: Case Study on Remaining Useful Lifecited by 19
- 2021GAM Changer: Editing Generalized Additive Models with Interactive Visualizationcited by 18
- 2023Neural Additive Models for Location Scale and Shape: A Framework for Interpretable Neural Regression Beyond the Meancited by 18
- 2021SurvNAM: The machine learning survival model explanationcited by 16
- 2021Fooling Partial Dependence via Data Poisoningcited by 16
- 2023Improving Neural Additive Models with Bayesian Principlescited by 15
- 2022Differentially Private Estimation of Heterogeneous Causal Effectscited by 14
- 2023A Review of the Role of Causality in Developing Trustworthy AI Systemscited by 14
- 2021Micromodels for Efficient, Explainable, and Reusable Systems: A Case Study on Mental Healthcited by 13
- 2021Revisiting Popularity and Demographic Biases in Recommender Evaluation and Effectivenesscited by 12
- 2021Partial Order in Chaos: Consensus on Feature Attributions in the Rashomon Setcited by 12
- 2022Towards a multi-stakeholder value-based assessment framework for algorithmic systemscited by 12
- 2024Gaussian Process Neural Additive Modelscited by 11
- 2023A Comprehensive Review on Financial Explainable AIcited by 10
- 2024Explainable Predictive Maintenance: A Survey of Current Methods, Challenges and Opportunitiescited by 10
- 2021ControlBurn: Feature Selection by Sparse Forestscited by 9
- 2023GAM Coach: Towards Interactive and User-centered Algorithmic Recoursecited by 9
- 2024Intrinsic User-Centric Interpretability through Global Mixture of Expertscited by 9
- 2021Ensembles of Random SHAPscited by 8
- 2025Rethinking LLM Evaluation: Can We Evaluate LLMs with 200x Less Data?cited by 8
- 2021Translational NLP: A New Paradigm and General Principles for Natural Language Processing Researchcited by 7
- 2021Drop Clause: Enhancing Performance, Interpretability and Robustness of the Tsetlin Machinecited by 7
50 most cited of 246 All 246 (JSON)
- 2026MC-TRCM: Observation-Aware Recursive Fusion for Incomplete Mobile and Wearable Mental-Health Feature Views8 Oct 2026
- 2026Evaluating Behavioral Context for Interpretable IAM Policy Risk Scoring in Cloud Environments5 Oct 2026
- 2026Measuring Learned Monotone Temporal Aggregation at Matched Admissibility4 Oct 2026
- 2026Transcriptome-informed multi-modal AI for predicting neoadjuvant therapy response from breast cancer biopsies2 Oct 2026
- 2026Minimax Additive Regression under Unknown Dependent Designs30 Sep 2026
- 2026SleuthBench: Benchmarking Statistical LLM Evaluation Using Tabular Hidden Signals28 Sep 2026
- 2026SeqMaestro: From nucleotide sequences to biological hypotheses through interpretable machine learning14 Sep 2026
- 2026Target leakage, not model class, explains reported accuracy in survey-based cardiovascular screening: a leakage-tiered audit of glass-box and tabular foundation models10 Sep 2026
- 2026Sparse Oblique Rule Boosting for Simpler Additive Rule Ensembles6 Sep 2026
- 2026The convergent laboratory: when AI reasoning, autonomous experiments, high performance and quantum computing reshape chemistry4 Sep 2026
- 2026Xiaomi-TabLDM: A Tabular Foundation Model Technical Report3 Sep 2026
- 2026Learning Auditable Classifier Models: Source-Disjoint Tree Ensembles16 Aug 2026
38 more
- 2026Handover Analysis for Vehicular Communication with Explainability on the Fly14 Aug 2026
- 2026Distilling CT Foundation Models into Editable Concept Bottlenecks for Lung Nodule Malignancy Prediction8 Aug 2026
- 2026The Quadrilateral Loss: Additivity as a Measurable Behavior of Dense Neural Networks22 Jul 2026
- 2026Complexity-Budgeted, Interaction-Aware Interpretable Model for Tabular Data8 Jul 2026
- 2026Neural Additive and Basis Models with Feature Selection and Interactions18 Jun 2026
- 2026Medical Heuristic Learning: An LLM-Driven Framework for Interpretable and Auditable Clinical Decision Rules15 Jun 2026
- 2026Beyond Additive Decompositions: Interpretability Through Separability29 May 2026
- 2026FlagGAM: Rule-Basis Generalized Additive Models for Explainable Tabular Prediction29 May 2026
- 2026DEM: A Distilled Explanation Model for Interpretable Anomaly Detection in Physiological Sensor Networks29 May 2026
- 2026Hoeffding Concept Bottleneck Models with Applications to Overhead Images22 May 2026
- 2026From Residuals to Reasons: LLM-Guided Mechanism Inference from Tabular Data21 May 2026
- 2026Generalized Functional ANOVA: A Complete Theoretical Framework18 May 2026
- 2026TFM-Retouche: A Lightweight Input-Space Adapter for Tabular Foundation Models7 May 2026
- 2026A renormalization-group inspired lattice-based framework for piecewise generalized linear models6 May 2026
- 2026A Foundation Model for Zero-Shot Logical Rule Induction6 May 2026
- 2026Agentic-imodels: Evolving agentic interpretability tools via autoresearch5 May 2026
- 2026Gradient Boosted Risk Scores4 May 2026
- 2026FAIR_XAI: Improving Multimodal Foundation Model Fairness via Explainability for Wellbeing Assessment26 Apr 2026
- 2026ParamBoost: Gradient Boosted Piecewise Cubic Polynomials20 Apr 2026
- 2026Towards Intrinsic Interpretability of Large Language Models:A Survey of Design Principles and Architectures17 Apr 2026
- 2026Selecting Feature Interactions for Generalized Additive Models by Distilling Foundation Models14 Apr 2026
- 2026Domain-informed explainable boosting machines for trustworthy lateral spread predictions17 Mar 2026
- 2026Formal verification of tree-based machine learning models for lateral spreading17 Mar 2026
- 2026ERP-RiskBench: Leakage-Safe Ensemble Learning for Financial Risk3 Mar 2026
- 2026Revisiting Chebyshev Polynomial and Anisotropic RBF Models for Tabular Regression25 Feb 2026
- 2026Behavior Learning (BL): Learning Hierarchical Optimization Structures from Data23 Feb 2026
- 2026Neural Additive Experts: Context-Gated Experts for Controllable Model Additivity11 Feb 2026
- 2026Improving Credit Card Fraud Detection with an Optimized Explainable Boosting Machine6 Feb 2026
- 2026Partition of Unity Neural Networks for Interpretable Classification with Explicit Class Regions31 Jan 2026
- 2026How Understanding Forecast Uncertainty Resolves the Explainability Problem in Machine Learning Models30 Jan 2026
- 2026Automatic Construction of Clinical Scoring Systems with LLM Agents29 Jan 2026
- 2026Structural Compositional Function Networks: Interpretable Functional Compositions for Tabular Discovery27 Jan 2026
- 2026Statistical Inference for Explainable Boosting Machines26 Jan 2026
- 2026Exploring the Interpretability of Forecasting Models for Energy Balancing Market19 Jan 2026
- 2026Bias in the Shadows: Explore Shortcuts in Encrypted Network Traffic Classification15 Jan 2026
- 2026EviNAM: Intelligibility and Uncertainty via Evidential Neural Additive Models13 Jan 2026
- 2025Cluster-Based Generalized Additive Models Informed by Random Fourier Features22 Dec 2025
- 2025When Data Quality Issues Collide: A Large-Scale Empirical Study of Co-Occurring Data Quality Issues in Software Defect Prediction19 Dec 2025
50 newest of 246 All 246 (JSON)
- 2023Capabilities of GPT-4 on Medical Challenge Problemscited by 638
- 2021Interpretable Machine Learning: Fundamental Principles and 10 Grand Challengescited by 367
- 2021Trustworthy AI: From Principles to Practicescited by 207
- 2021Benchmarking and Survey of Explanation Methods for Black Box Modelscited by 136
- 2021Robustness Gym: Unifying the NLP Evaluation Landscapecited by 108
- 2021Trustworthy AI: A Computational Perspectivecited by 93
- 2021A Comprehensive Taxonomy for Explainable Artificial Intelligence: A Systematic Survey of Surveys on Methods and Conceptscited by 91
- 2021NODE-GAM: Neural Generalized Additive Model for Interpretable Deep Learningcited by 88
- 2022From Shapley Values to Generalized Additive Models and backcited by 60
- 2022Neural Basis Models for Interpretabilitycited by 56
- 2021Software for Dataset-wide XAI: From Local Explanations to Global Insights with Zennit, CoRelAy, and ViRelAycited by 55
- 2022VL-InterpreT: An Interactive Visualization Tool for Interpreting Vision-Language Transformerscited by 53
12 most cited of 237 All 237 (JSON)
- 2026MC-TRCM: Observation-Aware Recursive Fusion for Incomplete Mobile and Wearable Mental-Health Feature Views8 Oct 2026
- 2026Evaluating Behavioral Context for Interpretable IAM Policy Risk Scoring in Cloud Environments5 Oct 2026
- 2026Measuring Learned Monotone Temporal Aggregation at Matched Admissibility4 Oct 2026
- 2026Transcriptome-informed multi-modal AI for predicting neoadjuvant therapy response from breast cancer biopsies2 Oct 2026
- 2026Minimax Additive Regression under Unknown Dependent Designs30 Sep 2026
- 2026SleuthBench: Benchmarking Statistical LLM Evaluation Using Tabular Hidden Signals28 Sep 2026
- 2026SeqMaestro: From nucleotide sequences to biological hypotheses through interpretable machine learning14 Sep 2026
- 2026Target leakage, not model class, explains reported accuracy in survey-based cardiovascular screening: a leakage-tiered audit of glass-box and tabular foundation models10 Sep 2026
- 2026Sparse Oblique Rule Boosting for Simpler Additive Rule Ensembles6 Sep 2026
- 2026The convergent laboratory: when AI reasoning, autonomous experiments, high performance and quantum computing reshape chemistry4 Sep 2026
- 2026Xiaomi-TabLDM: A Tabular Foundation Model Technical Report3 Sep 2026
- 2026Learning Auditable Classifier Models: Source-Disjoint Tree Ensembles16 Aug 2026
12 newest of 237 All 237 (JSON)