Evaluation of CNN-based Single-Image Depth Estimation Methods
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Cited by 24 in Diffusion models, but placed by its own abstract, which didn’t fit.
Abstract (arXiv)
While an increasing interest in deep models for single-image depth estimation methods can be observed, established schemes for their evaluation are still limited. We propose a set of novel quality criteria, allowing for a more detailed analysis by focusing on specific characteristics of depth maps. In particular, we address the preservation of edges and planar regions, depth consistency, and absolute distance accuracy. In order to employ these metrics to evaluate and compare state-of-the-art single-image depth estimation approaches, we provide a new high-quality RGB-D dataset. We used a DSLR camera together with a laser scanner to acquire high-resolution images and highly accurate depth maps. Experimental results show the validity of our proposed evaluation protocol.
Key facts. Cited by 137 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 3 May 2018.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 14; 2022: 13; 2023: 10; 2024: 33; 2025: 31; 2026: 36.
137 papers.
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- 2024Depth Anything: Unleashing the Power of Large-Scale Unlabeled Datacited by 1,346
- 2023ZoeDepth: Zero-shot Transfer by Combining Relative and Metric Depthcited by 646
- 2024Depth Pro: Sharp Monocular Metric Depth in Less Than a Secondcited by 395
- 2024Metric3Dv2: A Versatile Monocular Geometric Foundation Model for Zero-shot Metric Depth and Surface Normal Estimationcited by 389
- 2023Metric3D: Towards Zero-shot Metric 3D Prediction from A Single Imagecited by 357
- 2024GeoWizard: Unleashing the Diffusion Priors for 3D Geometry Estimation from a Single Imagecited by 283
- 2025MoGe-2: Accurate Monocular Geometry with Metric Scale and Sharp Detailscited by 250
- 2024Lotus: Diffusion-based Visual Foundation Model for High-quality Dense Predictioncited by 163
- 2024StableNormal: Reducing Diffusion Variance for Stable and Sharp Normalcited by 153
- 2021MINE: Towards Continuous Depth MPI with NeRF for Novel View Synthesiscited by 133
- 2024Rethinking Inductive Biases for Surface Normal Estimationcited by 122
- 2021Boosting Monocular Depth Estimation Models to High-Resolution via Content-Adaptive Multi-Resolution Mergingcited by 104
38 more
- 2022LocalBins: Improving Depth Estimation by Learning Local Distributionscited by 92
- 2024Fine-Tuning Image-Conditional Diffusion Models is Easier than You Thinkcited by 82
- 2025Marigold: Affordable Adaptation of Diffusion-Based Image Generators for Image Analysiscited by 78
- 2025WorldMirror: Universal 3D World Reconstruction with Any-Prior Promptingcited by 60
- 2022Global-Local Path Networks for Monocular Depth Estimation with Vertical CutDepthcited by 58
- 2022Hierarchical Normalization for Robust Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 51
- 2024Marigold-DC: Zero-Shot Monocular Depth Completion with Guided Diffusioncited by 47
- 2024ECoDepth: Effective Conditioning of Diffusion Models for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 45
- 2022Towards Accurate Reconstruction of 3D Scene Shape from A Single Monocular Imagecited by 42
- 2026Image Generators are Generalist Vision Learnerscited by 40
- 2021Pano3D: A Holistic Benchmark and a Solid Baseline for 360o Depth Estimationcited by 37
- 2021StructDepth: Leveraging the structural regularities for self-supervised indoor depth estimationcited by 36
- 2025LBM: Latent Bridge Matching for Fast Image-to-Image Translationcited by 36
- 2021Single Image Depth Prediction with Wavelet Decompositioncited by 34
- 2026HY-World 2.0: A Multi-Modal World Model for Reconstructing, Generating, and Simulating 3D Worldscited by 34
- 2025Detect Anything 3D in the Wildcited by 32
- 2022IronDepth: Iterative Refinement of Single-View Depth using Surface Normal and its Uncertaintycited by 30
- 2025DepthLM: Metric Depth From Vision Language Modelscited by 29
- 2024BetterDepth: Plug-and-Play Diffusion Refiner for Zero-Shot Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 28
- 2024OMNI-DC: Highly Robust Depth Completion with Multiresolution Depth Integrationcited by 28
- 2025NormalCrafter: Learning Temporally Consistent Normals from Video Diffusion Priorscited by 25
- 2024SharpDepth: Sharpening Metric Depth Predictions Using Diffusion Distillationcited by 21
- 2025From Editor to Dense Geometry Estimatorcited by 20
- 2022From 2D to 3D: Re-thinking Benchmarking of Monocular Depth Predictioncited by 19
- 2025MoRE: 3D Visual Geometry Reconstruction Meets Mixture-of-Expertscited by 19
- 2022Deconstructing Self-Supervised Monocular Reconstruction: The Design Decisions that Mattercited by 18
- 2025Orchid: Image Latent Diffusion for Joint Appearance and Geometry Generationcited by 17
- 2025Lotus-2: Advancing Geometric Dense Prediction with Powerful Image Generative Modelcited by 16
- 2024PatchRefiner: Leveraging Synthetic Data for Real-Domain High-Resolution Monocular Metric Depth Estimationcited by 15
- 2024ScaleDepth: Decomposing Metric Depth Estimation into Scale Prediction and Relative Depth Estimationcited by 15
- 2022The Monocular Depth Estimation Challengecited by 13
- 2023The Second Monocular Depth Estimation Challengecited by 12
- 2023G2-MonoDepth: A General Framework of Generalized Depth Inference from Monocular RGB+X Datacited by 12
- 2022A Survey on RGB-D Datasetscited by 11
- 2021Dimensions of Motion: Monocular Prediction through Flow Subspacescited by 10
- 2024The Third Monocular Depth Estimation Challengecited by 10
- 2026MetricAnything: Scaling Metric Depth Pretraining with Noisy Heterogeneous Sourcescited by 10
- 2021Machine-learned 3D Building Vectorization from Satellite Imagerycited by 9
50 most cited of 137 All 137 (JSON)
- 2026Boosting Metric Depth Completion via Training-Free Adaptive Response Geometry28 Sep 2026
- 2026FoundDSR: A Generalizable Foundation Model with Guided 2D Gaussian Splatting for Depth Super-Resolution26 Sep 2026
- 2026OmniPoint: Universal Monocular Metric Pointcloud from Any Camera8 Sep 2026
- 2026Marigold V2: Revisiting Diffusion Transformers for Monocular Depth Estimation8 Sep 2026
- 2026TransNormal-2: Geometry-Grounded Rectified Flow with Edge-Aware Decoding for Precise Normal Estimation6 Sep 2026
- 2026Monocular Depth Estimation from a Single Image: Progress and Opportunities1 Sep 2026
- 2026RealOOB: A Definition-Consistent Real-World Oriented Occlusion Boundary Benchmark31 Aug 2026
- 2026OptiGeo: Efficient Monocular Geometry for Embodied Perception in Optically Challenging Scenes30 Aug 2026
- 2026Video Generative Models as Geometry Learner28 Aug 2026
- 2026PXDepth: Pixel-Space Modeling for Structure Preserving Monocular Depth Estimation17 Aug 2026
- 2026Dense Metric Depth Completion from Sparse Direct Time-of-Flight Sensors5 Aug 2026
- 2026Unified Video Dense Prediction from Disjoint Data23 Jul 2026
38 more
- 2026DepthART: Scaling Foundation Monocular Depth to Tiny Models19 Jul 2026
- 2026Let RGB Be the Language of Vision14 Jul 2026
- 2026FoundationGeo: Learning Spatial Pixel-Wise Fields for Monocular Metric Geometry13 Jul 2026
- 2026Vision as Unified Multimodal Generation7 Jul 2026
- 2026PointDiT: Pixel-Space Diffusion for Monocular Geometry Estimation2 Jul 2026
- 2026MUSE: Unlocking Timestep as Native Task Steering for One-Step Dense Prediction29 Jun 2026
- 2026AerialMetric: Benchmarking and Adapting UAV Monocular Metric Depth Estimation in the Real World29 Jun 2026
- 2026DepthMaster: Unified Monocular Depth Estimation for Perspective and Panoramic Images10 Jun 2026
- 2026Honey, I Shrunk the Arc de Triomphe!1 Jun 2026
- 2026SurGe: Improved Surface Geometry in Point Maps29 May 2026
- 2026Large Depth Completion Model from Sparse Observations28 May 2026
- 2026Unlocking Dense Metric Depth Estimation in VLMs15 May 2026
- 2026Image Generators are Generalist Vision Learners22 Apr 2026
- 2026HY-World 2.0: A Multi-Modal World Model for Reconstructing, Generating, and Simulating 3D Worlds15 Apr 2026
- 2026LuMon: A Comprehensive Benchmark and Development Suite with Novel Datasets for Lunar Monocular Depth Estimation10 Apr 2026
- 2026UniDAC: Universal Metric Depth Estimation for Any Camera28 Mar 2026
- 2026Zero-Shot Depth from Defocus27 Mar 2026
- 2026Need for Speed: Zero-Shot Depth Completion with Single-Step Diffusion11 Mar 2026
- 2026Any to Full: Prompting Depth Anything for Depth Completion in One Stage5 Mar 2026
- 2026DAGE: Dual-Stream Architecture for Efficient and Fine-Grained Geometry Estimation4 Mar 2026
- 2026Depth Completion as Parameter-Efficient Test-Time Adaptation16 Feb 2026
- 2026SHED Light on Segmentation for Dense Prediction30 Jan 2026
- 2026MetricAnything: Scaling Metric Depth Pretraining with Noisy Heterogeneous Sources29 Jan 2026
- 2026Guardians of the Hair: Rescuing Soft Boundaries in Depth, Stereo, and Novel Views6 Jan 2026
- 2025MVInverse: Feed-forward Multi-view Inverse Rendering in Seconds24 Dec 2025
- 2025Boosting Monocular Metric Depth Estimation via Bokeh Rendering13 Dec 2025
- 2025D3-Predictor: Noise-Free Deterministic Diffusion for Dense Prediction8 Dec 2025
- 2025Lotus-2: Advancing Geometric Dense Prediction with Powerful Image Generative Model30 Nov 2025
- 2025MODEST: Multi-Optics Depth-of-Field Stereo Dataset25 Nov 2025
- 2025Edit2Perceive: Image Editing Diffusion Models Are Strong Dense Perceivers24 Nov 2025
- 2025WEDepth: Efficient Adaptation of World Knowledge for Monocular Depth Estimation11 Nov 2025
- 2025BoRe-Depth: Self-supervised Monocular Depth Estimation with Boundary Refinement for Embedded Systems6 Nov 2025
- 2025MoRE: 3D Visual Geometry Reconstruction Meets Mixture-of-Experts31 Oct 2025
- 2025More Than Generation: Unifying Generation and Depth Estimation via Text-to-Image Diffusion Models27 Oct 2025
- 2025Toward A Better Understanding of Monocular Depth Evaluation22 Oct 2025
- 2025WorldMirror: Universal 3D World Reconstruction with Any-Prior Prompting12 Oct 2025
- 2025DepthLM: Metric Depth From Vision Language Models29 Sep 2025
- 2025From Editor to Dense Geometry Estimator4 Sep 2025
50 newest of 137 All 137 (JSON)
- 2024GeoWizard: Unleashing the Diffusion Priors for 3D Geometry Estimation from a Single Imagecited by 283
- 2024Lotus: Diffusion-based Visual Foundation Model for High-quality Dense Predictioncited by 163
- 2024StableNormal: Reducing Diffusion Variance for Stable and Sharp Normalcited by 153
- 2024Fine-Tuning Image-Conditional Diffusion Models is Easier than You Thinkcited by 82
- 2025Marigold: Affordable Adaptation of Diffusion-Based Image Generators for Image Analysiscited by 78
- 2024Marigold-DC: Zero-Shot Monocular Depth Completion with Guided Diffusioncited by 47
- 2024ECoDepth: Effective Conditioning of Diffusion Models for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 45
- 2025NormalCrafter: Learning Temporally Consistent Normals from Video Diffusion Priorscited by 25
- 2024SharpDepth: Sharpening Metric Depth Predictions Using Diffusion Distillationcited by 21
- 2025From Editor to Dense Geometry Estimatorcited by 20
- 2025Orchid: Image Latent Diffusion for Joint Appearance and Geometry Generationcited by 17
- 2025Lotus-2: Advancing Geometric Dense Prediction with Powerful Image Generative Modelcited by 16
12 most cited of 24 All 24 (JSON)
- 2026Marigold V2: Revisiting Diffusion Transformers for Monocular Depth Estimation8 Sep 2026
- 2026TransNormal-2: Geometry-Grounded Rectified Flow with Edge-Aware Decoding for Precise Normal Estimation6 Sep 2026
- 2026Video Generative Models as Geometry Learner28 Aug 2026
- 2026PointDiT: Pixel-Space Diffusion for Monocular Geometry Estimation2 Jul 2026
- 2026MUSE: Unlocking Timestep as Native Task Steering for One-Step Dense Prediction29 Jun 2026
- 2026Need for Speed: Zero-Shot Depth Completion with Single-Step Diffusion11 Mar 2026
- 2025D3-Predictor: Noise-Free Deterministic Diffusion for Dense Prediction8 Dec 2025
- 2025Lotus-2: Advancing Geometric Dense Prediction with Powerful Image Generative Model30 Nov 2025
- 2025Edit2Perceive: Image Editing Diffusion Models Are Strong Dense Perceivers24 Nov 2025
- 2025More Than Generation: Unifying Generation and Depth Estimation via Text-to-Image Diffusion Models27 Oct 2025
- 2025From Editor to Dense Geometry Estimator4 Sep 2025
- 2025Marigold: Affordable Adaptation of Diffusion-Based Image Generators for Image Analysis14 May 2025
12 newest of 24 All 24 (JSON)
- 2025DepthLM: Metric Depth From Vision Language Modelscited by 29
- 2026Unlocking Dense Metric Depth Estimation in VLMscited by 2
- 2026Unlocking Dense Metric Depth Estimation in VLMs15 May 2026
- 2025DepthLM: Metric Depth From Vision Language Models29 Sep 2025
- 2024Depth Anything: Unleashing the Power of Large-Scale Unlabeled Datacited by 1,346
- 2023ZoeDepth: Zero-shot Transfer by Combining Relative and Metric Depthcited by 646
- 2024Depth Pro: Sharp Monocular Metric Depth in Less Than a Secondcited by 395
- 2024Metric3Dv2: A Versatile Monocular Geometric Foundation Model for Zero-shot Metric Depth and Surface Normal Estimationcited by 389
- 2023Metric3D: Towards Zero-shot Metric 3D Prediction from A Single Imagecited by 357
- 2025MoGe-2: Accurate Monocular Geometry with Metric Scale and Sharp Detailscited by 250
- 2021MINE: Towards Continuous Depth MPI with NeRF for Novel View Synthesiscited by 133
- 2024Rethinking Inductive Biases for Surface Normal Estimationcited by 122
- 2021Boosting Monocular Depth Estimation Models to High-Resolution via Content-Adaptive Multi-Resolution Mergingcited by 104
- 2022LocalBins: Improving Depth Estimation by Learning Local Distributionscited by 92
- 2025WorldMirror: Universal 3D World Reconstruction with Any-Prior Promptingcited by 60
- 2022Global-Local Path Networks for Monocular Depth Estimation with Vertical CutDepthcited by 58
12 most cited of 109 All 109 (JSON)
- 2026Boosting Metric Depth Completion via Training-Free Adaptive Response Geometry28 Sep 2026
- 2026FoundDSR: A Generalizable Foundation Model with Guided 2D Gaussian Splatting for Depth Super-Resolution26 Sep 2026
- 2026OmniPoint: Universal Monocular Metric Pointcloud from Any Camera8 Sep 2026
- 2026Monocular Depth Estimation from a Single Image: Progress and Opportunities1 Sep 2026
- 2026RealOOB: A Definition-Consistent Real-World Oriented Occlusion Boundary Benchmark31 Aug 2026
- 2026OptiGeo: Efficient Monocular Geometry for Embodied Perception in Optically Challenging Scenes30 Aug 2026
- 2026PXDepth: Pixel-Space Modeling for Structure Preserving Monocular Depth Estimation17 Aug 2026
- 2026Dense Metric Depth Completion from Sparse Direct Time-of-Flight Sensors5 Aug 2026
- 2026Unified Video Dense Prediction from Disjoint Data23 Jul 2026
- 2026DepthART: Scaling Foundation Monocular Depth to Tiny Models19 Jul 2026
- 2026Let RGB Be the Language of Vision14 Jul 2026
- 2026FoundationGeo: Learning Spatial Pixel-Wise Fields for Monocular Metric Geometry13 Jul 2026
12 newest of 109 All 109 (JSON)