mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Hierarchical Normalization for Robust Monocular Depth Estimation

arXiv 2210.09670 ↗First posted 18 Oct 2022cs.CVcited by 51

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Cited by 25 in Diffusion models, but placed by its own abstract, which didn’t fit.

Abstract (arXiv)

In this paper, we address monocular depth estimation with deep neural networks. To enable training of deep monocular estimation models with various sources of datasets, state-of-the-art methods adopt image-level normalization strategies to generate affine-invariant depth representations. However, learning with image-level normalization mainly emphasizes the relations of pixel representations with the global statistic in the images, such as the structure of the scene, while the fine-grained depth difference may be overlooked. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-scale depth normalization method that hierarchically normalizes the depth representations based on spatial information and depth distributions. Compared with previous normalization strategies applied only at the holistic image level, the proposed hierarchical normalization can effectively preserve the fine-grained details and improve accuracy. We present two strategies that define the hierarchical normalization contexts in the depth domain and the spatial domain, respectively. Our extensive experiments show that the proposed normalization strategy remarkably outperforms previous normalization methods, and we set new state-of-the-art on five zero-shot transfer benchmark datasets.

Key facts. Cited by 51 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 35 of its 49 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Oct 2022.

Builds on

35 of 49 references.

References · 35

  1. 2015Batch Normalization: Accelerating Deep Network Training by Reducing Internal Covariate Shiftcited by 6,979
  2. 2017ScanNet: Richly-annotated 3D Reconstructions of Indoor Scenescited by 3,088
  3. 2016Pyramid Scene Parsing Networkcited by 2,472
  4. 2020RAFT: Recurrent All-Pairs Field Transforms for Optical Flowcited by 2,385
  5. 2017Arbitrary Style Transfer in Real-time with Adaptive Instance Normalizationcited by 1,998
  6. 2021Vision Transformers for Dense Predictioncited by 1,789
  7. 2019Towards Robust Monocular Depth Estimation: Mixing Datasets for Zero-shot Cross-dataset Transfercited by 1,484
  8. 2019Semantic Image Synthesis with Spatially-Adaptive Normalizationcited by 1,295
  9. 2014Depth Map Prediction from a Single Image using a Multi-Scale Deep Networkcited by 1,264
  10. 2016Instance Normalization: The Missing Ingredient for Fast Stylizationcited by 1,187
  11. 2017Unsupervised Learning of Depth and Ego-Motion from Videocited by 778
  12. 2018MegaDepth: Learning Single-View Depth Prediction from Internet Photoscited by 731
23 more
  1. 2018Taskonomy: Disentangling Task Transfer Learningcited by 631
  2. 2019From Big to Small: Multi-Scale Local Planar Guidance for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 379
  3. 2016Virtual Worlds as Proxy for Multi-Object Tracking Analysiscited by 340
  4. 2019Unsupervised Scale-consistent Depth and Ego-motion Learning from Monocular Videocited by 244
  5. 2019GA-Net: Guided Aggregation Net for End-to-end Stereo Matchingcited by 242
  6. 2019DIODE: A Dense Indoor and Outdoor DEpth Datasetcited by 236
  7. 2019Enforcing geometric constraints of virtual normal for depth predictioncited by 233
  8. 2019CANet: Class-Agnostic Segmentation Networks with Iterative Refinement and Attentive Few-Shot Learningcited by 217
  9. 2020Learning to Recover 3D Scene Shape from a Single Imagecited by 214
  10. 2016Single-Image Depth Perception in the Wildcited by 179
  11. 2020Feature-metric Loss for Self-supervised Learning of Depth and Egomotioncited by 140
  12. 2018Evaluation of CNN-based Single-Image Depth Estimation Methodscited by 137
  13. 2020Robust Learning Through Cross-Task Consistencycited by 105
  14. 2019Web Stereo Video Supervision for Depth Prediction from Dynamic Scenescited by 73
  15. 2020OASIS: A Large-Scale Dataset for Single Image 3D in the Wildcited by 62
  16. 2020DeepEMD: Differentiable Earth Mover's Distance for Few-Shot Learningcited by 49
  17. 2021Virtual Normal: Enforcing Geometric Constraints for Accurate and Robust Depth Predictioncited by 48
  18. 2022Towards Accurate Reconstruction of 3D Scene Shape from A Single Monocular Imagecited by 42
  19. 2018Deep attention-based classification network for robust depth predictioncited by 36
  20. 2020Holopix50k: A Large-Scale In-the-wild Stereo Image Datasetcited by 36
  21. 2018Learning Single-Image Depth from Videos using Quality Assessment Networkscited by 25
  22. 2021CycleSegNet: Object Co-segmentation with Cycle Refinement and Region Correspondencecited by 19
  23. 2022CRCNet: Few-shot Segmentation with Cross-Reference and Region-Global Conditional Networkscited by 7

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 6; 2024: 20; 2025: 16; 2026: 9.

51 papers.

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  1. 2024Metric3Dv2: A Versatile Monocular Geometric Foundation Model for Zero-shot Metric Depth and Surface Normal Estimationcited by 389
  2. 2023Metric3D: Towards Zero-shot Metric 3D Prediction from A Single Imagecited by 357
  3. 2023Repurposing Diffusion-Based Image Generators for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 323
  4. 2024GeoWizard: Unleashing the Diffusion Priors for 3D Geometry Estimation from a Single Imagecited by 283
  5. 2024DNGaussian: Optimizing Sparse-View 3D Gaussian Radiance Fields with Global-Local Depth Normalizationcited by 256
  6. 2024Lotus: Diffusion-based Visual Foundation Model for High-quality Dense Predictioncited by 163
  7. 2024Learning Temporally Consistent Video Depth from Video Diffusion Priorscited by 100
  8. 2024Fine-Tuning Image-Conditional Diffusion Models is Easier than You Thinkcited by 82
  9. 2025Marigold: Affordable Adaptation of Diffusion-Based Image Generators for Image Analysiscited by 78
  10. 2024DepthFM: Fast Monocular Depth Estimation with Flow Matchingcited by 76
  11. 2024What Matters When Repurposing Diffusion Models for General Dense Perception Tasks?cited by 74
  12. 2024Depth Any Video with Scalable Synthetic Datacited by 57
38 more
  1. 2023RoboDepth: Robust Out-of-Distribution Depth Estimation under Corruptionscited by 47
  2. 2025Pixel-Perfect Depth with Semantics-Prompted Diffusion Transformerscited by 47
  3. 2024One Diffusion to Generate Them Allcited by 41
  4. 2025LBM: Latent Bridge Matching for Fast Image-to-Image Translationcited by 36
  5. 2024BetterDepth: Plug-and-Play Diffusion Refiner for Zero-Shot Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 28
  6. 2024DepthLab: From Partial to Completecited by 27
  7. 2024Flowing from Words to Pixels: A Noise-Free Framework for Cross-Modality Evolutioncited by 26
  8. 2023StyleAvatar3D: Leveraging Image-Text Diffusion Models for High-Fidelity 3D Avatar Generationcited by 25
  9. 2023DaRF: Boosting Radiance Fields from Sparse Inputs with Monocular Depth Adaptationcited by 25
  10. 2024RSA: Resolving Scale Ambiguities in Monocular Depth Estimators through Language Descriptionscited by 20
  11. 2025DepthMaster: Taming Diffusion Models for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 18
  12. 2025Distill Any Depth: Distillation Creates a Stronger Monocular Depth Estimatorcited by 15
  13. 2024PrimeDepth: Efficient Monocular Depth Estimation with a Stable Diffusion Preimagecited by 11
  14. 2024Buffer Anytime: Zero-Shot Video Depth and Normal from Image Priorscited by 11
  15. 2024The Third Monocular Depth Estimation Challengecited by 10
  16. 2025The Fourth Monocular Depth Estimation Challengecited by 8
  17. 2024Boost 3D Reconstruction using Diffusion-based Monocular Camera Calibrationcited by 7
  18. 2025QuartDepth: Post-Training Quantization for Real-Time Depth Estimation on the Edgecited by 7
  19. 2023Robust Geometry-Preserving Depth Estimation Using Differentiable Renderingcited by 6
  20. 2024DPBridge: Latent Diffusion Bridge for Dense Predictioncited by 6
  21. 2025StereoDiff: Stereo-Diffusion Synergy for Video Depth Estimationcited by 6
  22. 2024FiffDepth: Feed-forward Transformation of Diffusion-Based Generators for Detailed Depth Estimationcited by 5
  23. 2025Aligning Generative Denoising with Discriminative Objectives Unleashes Diffusion for Visual Perceptioncited by 4
  24. 2025More Than Generation: Unifying Generation and Depth Estimation via Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 2
  25. 2025Visual Autoregressive Modelling for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 2
  26. 2026Guardians of the Hair: Rescuing Soft Boundaries in Depth, Stereo, and Novel Viewscited by 2
  27. 2026Pixel-Perfect Visual Geometry Estimationcited by 2
  28. 2026NanoSD: Edge Efficient Foundation Model for Real Time Image Restorationcited by 2
  29. 2025RS3DBench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for 3D Spatial Perception in Remote Sensingcited by 1
  30. 2025StarryGazer: Leveraging Monocular Depth Estimation Models for Domain-Agnostic Single Depth Image Completioncited by 1
  31. 2026Iris: Bringing Real-World Priors into Diffusion Model for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 1
  32. 2026The Midas Touch for Metric Depthcited by 1
  33. 2026Efficient and High-Quality Depth Estimation via Pixel-Space Diffusion with Linear Attentioncited by 1
  34. 2025Learning A Zero-shot Occupancy Network from Vision Foundation Models via Self-supervised Adaptationcited by 0
  35. 2025VGLD: Visually-Guided Linguistic Disambiguation for Monocular Depth Scale Recoverycited by 0
  36. 2025D3-Predictor: Noise-Free Deterministic Diffusion for Dense Predictioncited by 0
  37. 2026Monocular Depth Estimation via Neural Network with Learnable Algebraic Group and Ring Structurescited by 0
  38. 2026Last-Layer-Centric Feature Recombination: Unleashing 3D Geometric Knowledge in DINOv3 for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 0

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