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The TUM VI Benchmark for Evaluating Visual-Inertial Odometry

arXiv 1804.06120 ↗First posted 17 Apr 2018cs.CV cs.ROcited by 94

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Abstract (arXiv)

Visual odometry and SLAM methods have a large variety of applications in domains such as augmented reality or robotics. Complementing vision sensors with inertial measurements tremendously improves tracking accuracy and robustness, and thus has spawned large interest in the development of visual-inertial (VI) odometry approaches. In this paper, we propose the TUM VI benchmark, a novel dataset with a diverse set of sequences in different scenes for evaluating VI odometry. It provides camera images with 1024x1024 resolution at 20 Hz, high dynamic range and photometric calibration. An IMU measures accelerations and angular velocities on 3 axes at 200 Hz, while the cameras and IMU sensors are time-synchronized in hardware. For trajectory evaluation, we also provide accurate pose ground truth from a motion capture system at high frequency (120 Hz) at the start and end of the sequences which we accurately aligned with the camera and IMU measurements. The full dataset with raw and calibrated data is publicly available. We also evaluate state-of-the-art VI odometry approaches on our dataset.

Key facts. Cited by 94 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 17 Apr 2018.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 18; 2022: 14; 2023: 14; 2024: 14; 2025: 20; 2026: 14.

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  1. 2021TUM-VIE: The TUM Stereo Visual-Inertial Event Datasetcited by 41
  2. 2024The Oxford Spires Dataset: Benchmarking Large-Scale LiDAR-Visual Localisation, Reconstruction and Radiance Field Methodscited by 27
  3. 2021IDOL: Inertial Deep Orientation-Estimation and Localizationcited by 26
  4. 2021M2DGR: A Multi-sensor and Multi-scenario SLAM Dataset for Ground Robotscited by 23
  5. 2022DM-VIO: Delayed Marginalization Visual-Inertial Odometrycited by 22
  6. 2024MM3DGS SLAM: Multi-modal 3D Gaussian Splatting for SLAM Using Vision, Depth, and Inertial Measurementscited by 22
  7. 2021LIFT-SLAM: a deep-learning feature-based monocular visual SLAM methodcited by 20
  8. 2021The Hilti SLAM Challenge Datasetcited by 18
  9. 2021Multi-Camera LiDAR Inertial Extension to the Newer College Datasetcited by 17
  10. 2024Deep Learning-based Depth Estimation Methods from Monocular Image and Videos: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 15
  11. 2021BabelCalib: A Universal Approach to Calibrating Central Camerascited by 14
  12. 2021From SLAM to Situational Awareness: Challenges and Surveycited by 14
38 more
  1. 2025Benchmarking Egocentric Visual-Inertial SLAM at City Scalecited by 12
  2. 2022LF-VISLAM: A SLAM Framework for Large Field-of-View Cameras with Negative Imaging Plane on Mobile Agentscited by 11
  3. 2022High Definition, Inexpensive, Underwater Mappingcited by 9
  4. 2022D3FlowSLAM: Self-Supervised Dynamic SLAM with Flow Motion Decomposition and DINO Guidancecited by 9
  5. 2021HybVIO: Pushing the Limits of Real-time Visual-inertial Odometrycited by 8
  6. 2022SmartPortraits: Depth Powered Handheld Smartphone Dataset of Human Portraits for State Estimation, Reconstruction and Synthesiscited by 7
  7. 2024Unifying Local and Global Multimodal Features for Place Recognition in Aliased and Low-Texture Environmentscited by 7
  8. 2021RIANN -- A Robust Neural Network Outperforms Attitude Estimation Filterscited by 6
  9. 2023AirIMU: Learning Uncertainty Propagation for Inertial Odometrycited by 6
  10. 2025The Monado SLAM Dataset for Egocentric Visual-Inertial Trackingcited by 6
  11. 2021Square Root Marginalization for Sliding-Window Bundle Adjustmentcited by 5
  12. 20224Seasons: Benchmarking Visual SLAM and Long-Term Localization for Autonomous Driving in Challenging Conditionscited by 5
  13. 2023Recent Advancements in Deep Learning Applications and Methods for Autonomous Navigation: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 5
  14. 2023The Drunkard's Odometry: Estimating Camera Motion in Deforming Scenescited by 5
  15. 2023SchurVINS: Schur Complement-Based Lightweight Visual Inertial Navigation Systemcited by 5
  16. 2023Generalizable End-to-End Deep Learning Frameworks for Real-Time Attitude Estimation Using 6DoF Inertial Measurement Unitscited by 4
  17. 2023SUPS: A Simulated Underground Parking Scenario Dataset for Autonomous Drivingcited by 4
  18. 2023H-SLAM: Hybrid Direct-Indirect Visual SLAMcited by 4
  19. 2024DBA-Fusion: Tightly Integrating Deep Dense Visual Bundle Adjustment with Multiple Sensors for Large-Scale Localization and Mappingcited by 4
  20. 2025ZeroVO: Visual Odometry with Minimal Assumptionscited by 4
  21. 2021Robust 360-8PA: Redesigning The Normalized 8-point Algorithm for 360-FoV Imagescited by 3
  22. 2021Comparison of modern open-source visual SLAM approachescited by 3
  23. 2022Are We Ready for Robust and Resilient SLAM? A Framework For Quantitative Characterization of SLAM Datasetscited by 3
  24. 2022IBISCape: A Simulated Benchmark for multi-modal SLAM Systems Evaluation in Large-scale Dynamic Environmentscited by 3
  25. 2022LGC-Net: A Lightweight Gyroscope Calibration Network for Efficient Attitude Estimationcited by 3
  26. 2023LF-PGVIO: A Visual-Inertial-Odometry Framework for Large Field-of-View Cameras using Points and Geodesic Segmentscited by 3
  27. 2024Gyro-based Neural Single Image Deblurringcited by 3
  28. 2024Alignment Scores: Robust Metrics for Multiview Pose Accuracy Evaluationcited by 3
  29. 2025cuVSLAM: CUDA accelerated visual odometry and mappingcited by 3
  30. 2025Princeton365: A Diverse Dataset with Accurate Camera Posecited by 3
  31. 2021Distributed Visual-Inertial Cooperative Localizationcited by 2
  32. 2021Benchmarking Pedestrian Odometry: The Brown Pedestrian Odometry Dataset (BPOD)cited by 2
  33. 2022Benchmarking Visual-Inertial Deep Multimodal Fusion for Relative Pose Regression and Odometry-aided Absolute Pose Regressioncited by 2
  34. 2022Evaluation and comparison of eight popular Lidar and Visual SLAM algorithmscited by 2
  35. 2025Improving Monocular Visual-Inertial Initialization with Structureless Visual-Inertial Bundle Adjustmentcited by 2
  36. 2025UNO: Unified Self-Supervised Monocular Odometry for Platform-Agnostic Deploymentcited by 2
  37. 2021A comparative evaluation of learned feature descriptors on hybrid monocular visual SLAM methodscited by 1
  38. 2022SRVIO: Super Robust Visual Inertial Odometry for dynamic environments and challenging Loop-closure conditionscited by 1

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