Learning to Compare: Relation Network for Few-Shot Learning
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Abstract (arXiv)
We present a conceptually simple, flexible, and general framework for few-shot learning, where a classifier must learn to recognise new classes given only few examples from each. Our method, called the Relation Network (RN), is trained end-to-end from scratch. During meta-learning, it learns to learn a deep distance metric to compare a small number of images within episodes, each of which is designed to simulate the few-shot setting. Once trained, a RN is able to classify images of new classes by computing relation scores between query images and the few examples of each new class without further updating the network. Besides providing improved performance on few-shot learning, our framework is easily extended to zero-shot learning. Extensive experiments on five benchmarks demonstrate that our simple approach provides a unified and effective approach for both of these two tasks.
Key facts. Cited by 1,143 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 16 Nov 2017.
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Citing papers per year: 2018: 1; 2019: 0; 2020: 1; 2021: 335; 2022: 296; 2023: 228; 2024: 144; 2025: 87; 2026: 51.
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- 2021Tip-Adapter: Training-free CLIP-Adapter for Better Vision-Language Modelingcited by 431
- 2021Deep Long-Tailed Learning: A Surveycited by 417
- 2022Tip-Adapter: Training-free Adaption of CLIP for Few-shot Classificationcited by 362
- 2022Learning to Prompt for Open-Vocabulary Object Detection with Vision-Language Modelcited by 317
- 2021SMIL: Multimodal Learning with Severely Missing Modalitycited by 245
- 2021Adaptive Prototype Learning and Allocation for Few-Shot Segmentationcited by 207
- 2021Rethinking Space-Time Networks with Improved Memory Coverage for Efficient Video Object Segmentationcited by 203
- 2021Hypercorrelation Squeeze for Few-Shot Segmentationcited by 193
- 2022A Comprehensive Survey of Few-shot Learning: Evolution, Applications, Challenges, and Opportunitiescited by 163
- 2023Prompt, Generate, then Cache: Cascade of Foundation Models makes Strong Few-shot Learnerscited by 152
- 2021Few-Shot Segmentation via Cycle-Consistent Transformercited by 133
- 2022Registration based Few-Shot Anomaly Detectioncited by 133
38 more
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- 2022Pushing the Limits of Simple Pipelines for Few-Shot Learning: External Data and Fine-Tuning Make a Differencecited by 126
- 2022Learning What Not to Segment: A New Perspective on Few-Shot Segmentationcited by 120
- 2021Using Shape to Categorize: Low-Shot Learning with an Explicit Shape Biascited by 118
- 2021Image-to-Image Translation: Methods and Applicationscited by 116
- 2021Simpler is Better: Few-shot Semantic Segmentation with Classifier Weight Transformercited by 116
- 2023Neural Collapse Inspired Feature-Classifier Alignment for Few-Shot Class Incremental Learningcited by 116
- 2022Hyperbolic Vision Transformers: Combining Improvements in Metric Learningcited by 111
- 2021DeFRCN: Decoupled Faster R-CNN for Few-Shot Object Detectioncited by 106
- 2024Neural Plasticity-Inspired Multimodal Foundation Model for Earth Observationcited by 104
- 2021On the Role of Neural Collapse in Transfer Learningcited by 100
- 2021Self-Promoted Prototype Refinement for Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learningcited by 96
- 2021Counterfactual Zero-Shot and Open-Set Visual Recognitioncited by 95
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- 2021Self-Guided and Cross-Guided Learning for Few-Shot Segmentationcited by 92
- 2021Generalized Few-Shot Object Detection without Forgettingcited by 88
- 2022Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning by Sampling Multi-Phase Taskscited by 88
- 2022Learning from Few Examples: A Summary of Approaches to Few-Shot Learningcited by 86
- 2023Hierarchical Dense Correlation Distillation for Few-Shot Segmentationcited by 84
- 2021Few-Shot Graph Learning for Molecular Property Predictioncited by 81
- 2021Beyond Max-Margin: Class Margin Equilibrium for Few-shot Object Detectioncited by 80
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- 2021Partial Is Better Than All: Revisiting Fine-tuning Strategy for Few-shot Learningcited by 72
- 2021Learning Normal Dynamics in Videos with Meta Prototype Networkcited by 71
- 2021Mining Latent Classes for Few-shot Segmentationcited by 69
- 2021Goal-Oriented Gaze Estimation for Zero-Shot Learningcited by 68
- 2021Learn to Match: Automatic Matching Network Design for Visual Trackingcited by 67
- 2022Dense Cross-Query-and-Support Attention Weighted Mask Aggregation for Few-Shot Segmentationcited by 65
- 2023Advances and Challenges in Meta-Learning: A Technical Reviewcited by 65
- 2022Few-Shot Object Detection with Fully Cross-Transformercited by 64
- 2021Cross-Domain Few-Shot Classification via Adversarial Task Augmentationcited by 63
- 2021Recurrent Mask Refinement for Few-Shot Medical Image Segmentationcited by 63
- 2021Towards Gradient-based Bilevel Optimization with Non-convex Followers and Beyondcited by 63
- 2021Learning a Universal Template for Few-shot Dataset Generalizationcited by 61
- 2021Few-Shot Lifelong Learningcited by 59
50 most cited of 1,143 All 1,143 (JSON)
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- 2026Query-Conditioned Prototype Adaptation for Cross-Domain Few-Shot Learning: Single-Query Inference, Controlled Comparisons, and Failure Modes25 Sep 2026
- 2026Meta-learning accelerates detector design optimization22 Sep 2026
- 2026CE4L: Continual Ego, Exo, and Ego-Exo Learning20 Sep 2026
- 2026Purification and Regulation: Comorbidity-Aware Multi-Label Few-Shot Learning for Medical Image Classification18 Sep 2026
- 2026ALPINE: Adaptive Localization for Parameter- and Sample-Efficient Few-Shot Learning16 Sep 2026
- 2026Robust Prototypical Networks for Few-Shot Sensor Fault Diagnosis10 Sep 2026
- 2026Are We Really Doing Few-Shot Learning? A Critical Examination of Pre-Training Assumptions9 Sep 2026
- 2026Towards Zero-Shot Domain Generalization for ID Cards Presentation Attack Detection17 Aug 2026
- 2026When Semantics Saturate or Emerge: Adaptation-Conditional Semantic Utility in Source-Free Cross-Domain Few-Shot Learning7 Aug 2026
- 2026Versatile On-device Adaptation at the Edge by Unifying Few-shot, Zero-shot, Continual, and In-context Learning31 Jul 2026
38 more
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- 2026BrainRiem: Riemannian Prototype Learning for Source-Free Cross-Site Brain Network Diagnosis28 Jun 2026
- 2026Kalman Prototypical Networks for Few-shot Fault Detection in Combined Cycle Gas Turbines25 Jun 2026
- 2026A welding penetration prediction model for laser welding process based on self-supervised learning using physics-informed neural networks24 Jun 2026
- 2026Adaptive Hebbian Memory Routing in Vision Transformers for Few-Shot Learning23 Jun 2026
- 2026CoDMD: Copula-aware Distribution Matching Distillation for Fast Video Generation20 Jun 2026
- 2026Efficient Neural Network Model Selection for Few-Class Application Datasets18 Jun 2026
- 2026Beyond Model Size: Probing the Gaps in Visual in-Context Learning by Training a Tiny Model9 Jun 2026
- 2026Proposal Refinement for Few-Shot Object Detection8 Jun 2026
- 2026Provable Data Scaling Law for Meta Learning via Complexity Minimization1 Jun 2026
- 2026Improving CLIP Adaptation by Breaking Tail Alignment for Source-Free Cross-Domain Few-Shot Learning28 May 2026
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- 2026RAPT: Retrieval-Augmented Post-hoc Thresholding for Multi-Label Classification15 May 2026
- 2026Rethinking the Good Enough Embedding for Easy Few-Shot Learning13 May 2026
- 2026SpurAudio: A Benchmark for Studying Shortcut Learning in Few-Shot Audio Classification13 May 2026
- 2026STAR: Semantic-Temporal Adaptive Representation Learning for Few-Shot Action Recognition13 May 2026
- 2026VDLF-Net: Variational Feature Fusion for Adaptive and Few-Shot Visual Learning26 Apr 2026
- 2026Where to Bind Matters: Hebbian Fast Weights in Vision Transformers for Few-Shot Character Recognition22 Apr 2026
- 2026From Skeletons to Pixels: Few-Shot Precise Event Spotting via Representation and Prediction Distillation21 Apr 2026
- 2026Frequency-Enhanced Dual-Subspace Networks for Few-Shot Fine-Grained Image Classification16 Apr 2026
- 2026Vision Hopfield Memory Networks for Image Recognition26 Mar 2026
- 2026Dual Contrastive Network for Few-Shot Remote Sensing Image Scene Classification24 Mar 2026
- 2026Continual Learning for Food Category Classification Dataset: Enhancing Model Adaptability and Performance20 Mar 2026
- 2026Geometry-Aware Metric Learning for Cross-Lingual Few-Shot Sign Language Recognition on Static Hand Keypoints10 Mar 2026
- 2026XAI and Few-shot-based Hybrid Classification Model for Plant Leaf Disease Prognosis3 Mar 2026
- 2026Spatio-temporal Decoupled Knowledge Compensator for Few-Shot Action Recognition20 Feb 2026
- 2026Cross-Domain Few-Shot Learning for Hyperspectral Image Classification Based on Mixup Foundation Model30 Jan 2026
- 2026Can One-Shot Test-Time Data Augmentation Help with Generalization?27 Jan 2026
- 2026BayPrAnoMeta: Bayesian Proto-MAML for Few-Shot Industrial Image Anomaly Detection27 Jan 2026
- 2026Feature-Space Generative Models for One-Shot Class-Incremental Learning25 Jan 2026
- 2026Consistency-Regularized GAN for Few-Shot SAR Target Recognition22 Jan 2026
- 2026PMCE: Probabilistic Multi-Granularity Semantics with Caption-Guided Enhancement for Few-Shot Learning20 Jan 2026
- 2026IPEC: Test-Time Incremental Prototype Enhancement Classifier for Few-Shot Learning16 Jan 2026
- 2026EfficientFSL: Enhancing Few-Shot Classification via Query-Only Tuning in Vision Transformers13 Jan 2026
- 2026Reconstruction Guided Few-shot Network For Remote Sensing Image Classification12 Jan 2026
- 2026FALCON: Few-Shot Adversarial Learning for Cross-Domain Medical Image Segmentation4 Jan 2026
50 newest of 1,143 All 1,143 (JSON)
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- 2022Learning Domain Invariant Prompt for Vision-Language Modelscited by 36
- 2024Prompt Learning via Meta-Regularizationcited by 26
- 2023APPLeNet: Visual Attention Parameterized Prompt Learning for Few-Shot Remote Sensing Image Generalization using CLIPcited by 24
- 2023Gradient-Regulated Meta-Prompt Learning for Generalizable Vision-Language Modelscited by 21
- 2023Proto-CLIP: Vision-Language Prototypical Network for Few-Shot Learningcited by 12
- 2023Prompt Tuning based Adapter for Vision-Language Model Adaptioncited by 10
- 2025Connecting Giants: Synergistic Knowledge Transfer of Large Multimodal Models for Few-Shot Learningcited by 9
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- 2026RSAJEV: Training-Free Abstaining Prototype Memory for Eliminating Silent Hallucination in JEV-Based Remote Sensing Classification11 Oct 2026
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- 2026Improving CLIP Adaptation by Breaking Tail Alignment for Source-Free Cross-Domain Few-Shot Learning28 May 2026
- 2025MetaTPT: Meta Test-time Prompt Tuning for Vision-Language Models13 Dec 2025
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- 2025A Foundational Multi-Modal Model for Few-Shot Learning6 Aug 2025
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- 2024Deep Metric Learning-Based Out-of-Distribution Detection with Synthetic Outlier Exposure1 May 2024
- 2023GeNIe: Generative Hard Negative Images Through Diffusion5 Dec 2023
- 2023Detail Reinforcement Diffusion Model: Augmentation Fine-Grained Visual Categorization in Few-Shot Conditions15 Sep 2023
- 2023Meta-DM: Applications of Diffusion Models on Few-Shot Learning14 May 2023
- 2022Cap2Aug: Caption guided Image to Image data Augmentation11 Dec 2022
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- 2023Supervised Masked Knowledge Distillation for Few-Shot Transformerscited by 23
- 2024Multimodal Cross-Domain Few-Shot Learning for Egocentric Action Recognitioncited by 14
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- 2021Spirit Distillation: Precise Real-time Semantic Segmentation of Road Scenes with Insufficient Datacited by 4
- 2021HRKD: Hierarchical Relational Knowledge Distillation for Cross-domain Language Model Compressioncited by 3
- 2022A New Knowledge Distillation Network for Incremental Few-Shot Surface Defect Detectioncited by 2
- 2024On Distilling the Displacement Knowledge for Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learningcited by 1
- 2023Pseudo-label Correction for Instance-dependent Noise Using Teacher-student Frameworkcited by 0
- 2024On Distilling the Displacement Knowledge for Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning15 Dec 2024
- 2024Multimodal Cross-Domain Few-Shot Learning for Egocentric Action Recognition30 May 2024
- 2023Pseudo-label Correction for Instance-dependent Noise Using Teacher-student Framework24 Nov 2023
- 2023Supervised Masked Knowledge Distillation for Few-Shot Transformers25 Mar 2023
- 2022A New Knowledge Distillation Network for Incremental Few-Shot Surface Defect Detection1 Sep 2022
- 2022Disentangle and Remerge: Interventional Knowledge Distillation for Few-Shot Object Detection from A Conditional Causal Perspective26 Aug 2022
- 2021HRKD: Hierarchical Relational Knowledge Distillation for Cross-domain Language Model Compression16 Oct 2021
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- 2020FOCAL: Efficient Fully-Offline Meta-Reinforcement Learning via Distance Metric Learning and Behavior Regularization2 Oct 2020
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- 2021Deep Long-Tailed Learning: A Surveycited by 417
- 2021SMIL: Multimodal Learning with Severely Missing Modalitycited by 245
- 2021Adaptive Prototype Learning and Allocation for Few-Shot Segmentationcited by 207
- 2021Rethinking Space-Time Networks with Improved Memory Coverage for Efficient Video Object Segmentationcited by 203
- 2021Hypercorrelation Squeeze for Few-Shot Segmentationcited by 193
- 2022A Comprehensive Survey of Few-shot Learning: Evolution, Applications, Challenges, and Opportunitiescited by 163
- 2023Prompt, Generate, then Cache: Cascade of Foundation Models makes Strong Few-shot Learnerscited by 152
- 2021Few-Shot Segmentation via Cycle-Consistent Transformercited by 133
- 2022Registration based Few-Shot Anomaly Detectioncited by 133
- 2022Forward Compatible Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learningcited by 127
- 2022Pushing the Limits of Simple Pipelines for Few-Shot Learning: External Data and Fine-Tuning Make a Differencecited by 126
- 2022Learning What Not to Segment: A New Perspective on Few-Shot Segmentationcited by 120
12 most cited of 1,089 All 1,089 (JSON)
- 2026PCLM: Small-target localization with frozen CLIP via prototype contrast and local magnification4 Oct 2026
- 2026Query-Conditioned Prototype Adaptation for Cross-Domain Few-Shot Learning: Single-Query Inference, Controlled Comparisons, and Failure Modes25 Sep 2026
- 2026Meta-learning accelerates detector design optimization22 Sep 2026
- 2026CE4L: Continual Ego, Exo, and Ego-Exo Learning20 Sep 2026
- 2026Purification and Regulation: Comorbidity-Aware Multi-Label Few-Shot Learning for Medical Image Classification18 Sep 2026
- 2026ALPINE: Adaptive Localization for Parameter- and Sample-Efficient Few-Shot Learning16 Sep 2026
- 2026Robust Prototypical Networks for Few-Shot Sensor Fault Diagnosis10 Sep 2026
- 2026Are We Really Doing Few-Shot Learning? A Critical Examination of Pre-Training Assumptions9 Sep 2026
- 2026Towards Zero-Shot Domain Generalization for ID Cards Presentation Attack Detection17 Aug 2026
- 2026When Semantics Saturate or Emerge: Adaptation-Conditional Semantic Utility in Source-Free Cross-Domain Few-Shot Learning7 Aug 2026
- 2026Versatile On-device Adaptation at the Edge by Unifying Few-shot, Zero-shot, Continual, and In-context Learning31 Jul 2026
- 2026AUCH-Net: Action Unit-Based Consistency-Aware Hypergraph Network for Cross-Domain Few-Shot Facial Expression Recognition23 Jul 2026
12 newest of 1,089 All 1,089 (JSON)