Personalized Machine Translation: Preserving Original Author Traits
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Abstract (arXiv)
The language that we produce reflects our personality, and various personal and demographic characteristics can be detected in natural language texts. We focus on one particular personal trait of the author, gender, and study how it is manifested in original texts and in translations. We show that author's gender has a powerful, clear signal in originals texts, but this signal is obfuscated in human and machine translation. We then propose simple domain-adaptation techniques that help retain the original gender traits in the translation, without harming the quality of the translation, thereby creating more personalized machine translation systems.
Key facts. Cited by 47 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 18 Oct 2016.
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Citing papers per year: 2017: 1; 2018: 0; 2019: 0; 2020: 0; 2021: 13; 2022: 12; 2023: 12; 2024: 3; 2025: 5; 2026: 1.
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- 2021Gender Bias in Machine Translationcited by 116
- 2021A Survey on Data Augmentation for Text Classificationcited by 111
- 2023Personalisation within bounds: A risk taxonomy and policy framework for the alignment of large language models with personalised feedbackcited by 86
- 2022Same Author or Just Same Topic? Towards Content-Independent Style Representationscited by 83
- 2017Reinforcement Learning for Bandit Neural Machine Translation with Simulated Human Feedbackcited by 71
- 2023The Past, Present and Better Future of Feedback Learning in Large Language Models for Subjective Human Preferences and Valuescited by 53
- 2021XFORMAL: A Benchmark for Multilingual Formality Style Transfercited by 51
- 2022MT-GenEval: A Counterfactual and Contextual Dataset for Evaluating Gender Accuracy in Machine Translationcited by 38
- 2023Learning Interpretable Style Embeddings via Prompting LLMscited by 29
- 2022Text Style Transfer for Bias Mitigation using Masked Language Modelingcited by 27
- 2021Focused Attention Improves Document-Grounded Generationcited by 24
- 2022CoCoA-MT: A Dataset and Benchmark for Contrastive Controlled MT with Application to Formalitycited by 24
35 more
- 2023Is ChatGPT a Good Personality Recognizer? A Preliminary Studycited by 24
- 2024Personalized Text Generation with Fine-Grained Linguistic Controlcited by 20
- 2023A Paradigm Shift: The Future of Machine Translation Lies with Large Language Modelscited by 19
- 2021A Review of Text Style Transfer using Deep Learningcited by 18
- 2021Does It Capture STEL? A Modular, Similarity-based Linguistic Style Evaluation Frameworkcited by 17
- 2021GENder-IT: An Annotated English-Italian Parallel Challenge Set for Cross-Linguistic Natural Gender Phenomenacited by 16
- 2024What the Harm? Quantifying the Tangible Impact of Gender Bias in Machine Translation with a Human-centered Studycited by 15
- 2022Controlling Translation Formality Using Pre-trained Multilingual Language Modelscited by 14
- 2021The Arabic Parallel Gender Corpus 2.0: Extensions and Analysescited by 12
- 2023Large Human Language Models: A Need and the Challengescited by 11
- 2021Towards User-Driven Neural Machine Translationcited by 10
- 2023Lost in Translationese? Reducing Translation Effect Using Abstract Meaning Representationcited by 10
- 2023RAMP: Retrieval and Attribute-Marking Enhanced Prompting for Attribute-Controlled Translationcited by 9
- 2022User-Centric Gender Rewritingcited by 7
- 2022Controlling Styles in Neural Machine Translation with Activation Promptcited by 7
- 2023Balancing the Style-Content Trade-Off in Sentiment Transfer Using Polarity-Aware Denoisingcited by 7
- 2022COFFEE: Counterfactual Fairness for Personalized Text Generation in Explainable Recommendationcited by 6
- 2025An Interdisciplinary Approach to Human-Centered Machine Translationcited by 6
- 2021From Theories on Styles to their Transfer in Text: Bridging the Gap with a Hierarchical Surveycited by 5
- 2021Preventing Author Profiling through Zero-Shot Multilingual Back-Translationcited by 4
- 2023Multi-EuP: The Multilingual European Parliament Dataset for Analysis of Bias in Information Retrievalcited by 4
- 2022Controlling Extra-Textual Attributes about Dialogue Participants -- A Case Study of English-to-Polish Neural Machine Translationcited by 3
- 2024MCPDial: A Minecraft Persona-driven Dialogue Datasetcited by 3
- 2023MTCue: Learning Zero-Shot Control of Extra-Textual Attributes by Leveraging Unstructured Context in Neural Machine Translationcited by 2
- 2025Steering Large Language Models for Machine Translation Personalizationcited by 2
- 2025Semantic Label Drift in Cross-Cultural Translationcited by 2
- 2022PePe: Personalized Post-editing Model utilizing User-generated Post-editscited by 1
- 2022The User-Aware Arabic Gender Rewritercited by 1
- 2022Exploration of the Usage of Color Terms by Color-blind Participants in Online Discussion Platformscited by 1
- 2021Empirical Evaluation of Supervision Signals for Style Transfer Modelscited by 0
- 2021Repairing Pronouns in Translation with BERT-Based Post-Editingcited by 0
- 2023Unified Model Learning for Various Neural Machine Translationcited by 0
- 2025Neurobiber: Fast and Interpretable Stylistic Feature Extractioncited by 0
- 2025Benchmarking Gender and Political Bias in Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026RT-SFT: Text Style Transfer from Non-Parallel Corpora by Roundtrip Translationcited by 0
- 2026RT-SFT: Text Style Transfer from Non-Parallel Corpora by Roundtrip Translation16 Feb 2026
- 2025Semantic Label Drift in Cross-Cultural Translation29 Oct 2025
- 2025Benchmarking Gender and Political Bias in Large Language Models7 Sep 2025
- 2025An Interdisciplinary Approach to Human-Centered Machine Translation16 Jun 2025
- 2025Steering Large Language Models for Machine Translation Personalization22 May 2025
- 2025Neurobiber: Fast and Interpretable Stylistic Feature Extraction25 Feb 2025
- 2024MCPDial: A Minecraft Persona-driven Dialogue Dataset29 Oct 2024
- 2024What the Harm? Quantifying the Tangible Impact of Gender Bias in Machine Translation with a Human-centered Study1 Oct 2024
- 2024Personalized Text Generation with Fine-Grained Linguistic Control7 Feb 2024
- 2023Balancing the Style-Content Trade-Off in Sentiment Transfer Using Polarity-Aware Denoising22 Dec 2023
- 2023Large Human Language Models: A Need and the Challenges9 Nov 2023
- 2023Multi-EuP: The Multilingual European Parliament Dataset for Analysis of Bias in Information Retrieval3 Nov 2023
35 more
- 2023The Past, Present and Better Future of Feedback Learning in Large Language Models for Subjective Human Preferences and Values11 Oct 2023
- 2023Is ChatGPT a Good Personality Recognizer? A Preliminary Study8 Jul 2023
- 2023RAMP: Retrieval and Attribute-Marking Enhanced Prompting for Attribute-Controlled Translation26 May 2023
- 2023MTCue: Learning Zero-Shot Control of Extra-Textual Attributes by Leveraging Unstructured Context in Neural Machine Translation25 May 2023
- 2023Learning Interpretable Style Embeddings via Prompting LLMs22 May 2023
- 2023Unified Model Learning for Various Neural Machine Translation4 May 2023
- 2023A Paradigm Shift: The Future of Machine Translation Lies with Large Language Models2 May 2023
- 2023Lost in Translationese? Reducing Translation Effect Using Abstract Meaning Representation23 Apr 2023
- 2023Personalisation within bounds: A risk taxonomy and policy framework for the alignment of large language models with personalised feedback9 Mar 2023
- 2022Controlling Styles in Neural Machine Translation with Activation Prompt17 Dec 2022
- 2022MT-GenEval: A Counterfactual and Contextual Dataset for Evaluating Gender Accuracy in Machine Translation2 Nov 2022
- 2022Exploration of the Usage of Color Terms by Color-blind Participants in Online Discussion Platforms21 Oct 2022
- 2022COFFEE: Counterfactual Fairness for Personalized Text Generation in Explainable Recommendation14 Oct 2022
- 2022The User-Aware Arabic Gender Rewriter14 Oct 2022
- 2022PePe: Personalized Post-editing Model utilizing User-generated Post-edits21 Sep 2022
- 2022Controlling Translation Formality Using Pre-trained Multilingual Language Models13 May 2022
- 2022Controlling Extra-Textual Attributes about Dialogue Participants -- A Case Study of English-to-Polish Neural Machine Translation10 May 2022
- 2022CoCoA-MT: A Dataset and Benchmark for Contrastive Controlled MT with Application to Formality9 May 2022
- 2022User-Centric Gender Rewriting4 May 2022
- 2022Same Author or Just Same Topic? Towards Content-Independent Style Representations11 Apr 2022
- 2022Text Style Transfer for Bias Mitigation using Masked Language Modeling21 Jan 2022
- 2021From Theories on Styles to their Transfer in Text: Bridging the Gap with a Hierarchical Survey29 Oct 2021
- 2021The Arabic Parallel Gender Corpus 2.0: Extensions and Analyses18 Oct 2021
- 2021A Review of Text Style Transfer using Deep Learning30 Sep 2021
- 2021Preventing Author Profiling through Zero-Shot Multilingual Back-Translation19 Sep 2021
- 2021Does It Capture STEL? A Modular, Similarity-based Linguistic Style Evaluation Framework10 Sep 2021
- 2021GENder-IT: An Annotated English-Italian Parallel Challenge Set for Cross-Linguistic Natural Gender Phenomena5 Aug 2021
- 2021A Survey on Data Augmentation for Text Classification7 Jul 2021
- 2021Towards User-Driven Neural Machine Translation11 Jun 2021
- 2021Focused Attention Improves Document-Grounded Generation26 Apr 2021
- 2021Gender Bias in Machine Translation13 Apr 2021
- 2021XFORMAL: A Benchmark for Multilingual Formality Style Transfer8 Apr 2021
- 2021Repairing Pronouns in Translation with BERT-Based Post-Editing23 Mar 2021
- 2021Empirical Evaluation of Supervision Signals for Style Transfer Models15 Jan 2021
- 2017Reinforcement Learning for Bandit Neural Machine Translation with Simulated Human Feedback24 Jul 2017
- 2023Personalisation within bounds: A risk taxonomy and policy framework for the alignment of large language models with personalised feedbackcited by 86
- 2017Reinforcement Learning for Bandit Neural Machine Translation with Simulated Human Feedbackcited by 71
- 2023The Past, Present and Better Future of Feedback Learning in Large Language Models for Subjective Human Preferences and Valuescited by 53
- 2023The Past, Present and Better Future of Feedback Learning in Large Language Models for Subjective Human Preferences and Values11 Oct 2023
- 2023Personalisation within bounds: A risk taxonomy and policy framework for the alignment of large language models with personalised feedback9 Mar 2023
- 2017Reinforcement Learning for Bandit Neural Machine Translation with Simulated Human Feedback24 Jul 2017
- 2021Gender Bias in Machine Translationcited by 116
- 2021A Survey on Data Augmentation for Text Classificationcited by 111
- 2022Same Author or Just Same Topic? Towards Content-Independent Style Representationscited by 83
- 2021XFORMAL: A Benchmark for Multilingual Formality Style Transfercited by 51
- 2022MT-GenEval: A Counterfactual and Contextual Dataset for Evaluating Gender Accuracy in Machine Translationcited by 38
- 2023Learning Interpretable Style Embeddings via Prompting LLMscited by 29
- 2022Text Style Transfer for Bias Mitigation using Masked Language Modelingcited by 27
- 2021Focused Attention Improves Document-Grounded Generationcited by 24
- 2022CoCoA-MT: A Dataset and Benchmark for Contrastive Controlled MT with Application to Formalitycited by 24
- 2023Is ChatGPT a Good Personality Recognizer? A Preliminary Studycited by 24
- 2024Personalized Text Generation with Fine-Grained Linguistic Controlcited by 20
- 2023A Paradigm Shift: The Future of Machine Translation Lies with Large Language Modelscited by 19
12 most cited of 44 All 44 (JSON)
- 2026RT-SFT: Text Style Transfer from Non-Parallel Corpora by Roundtrip Translation16 Feb 2026
- 2025Semantic Label Drift in Cross-Cultural Translation29 Oct 2025
- 2025Benchmarking Gender and Political Bias in Large Language Models7 Sep 2025
- 2025An Interdisciplinary Approach to Human-Centered Machine Translation16 Jun 2025
- 2025Steering Large Language Models for Machine Translation Personalization22 May 2025
- 2025Neurobiber: Fast and Interpretable Stylistic Feature Extraction25 Feb 2025
- 2024MCPDial: A Minecraft Persona-driven Dialogue Dataset29 Oct 2024
- 2024What the Harm? Quantifying the Tangible Impact of Gender Bias in Machine Translation with a Human-centered Study1 Oct 2024
- 2024Personalized Text Generation with Fine-Grained Linguistic Control7 Feb 2024
- 2023Balancing the Style-Content Trade-Off in Sentiment Transfer Using Polarity-Aware Denoising22 Dec 2023
- 2023Large Human Language Models: A Need and the Challenges9 Nov 2023
- 2023Multi-EuP: The Multilingual European Parliament Dataset for Analysis of Bias in Information Retrieval3 Nov 2023
12 newest of 44 All 44 (JSON)