Revisiting Active Perception
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Abstract (arXiv)
Despite the recent successes in robotics, artificial intelligence and computer vision, a complete artificial agent necessarily must include active perception. A multitude of ideas and methods for how to accomplish this have already appeared in the past, their broader utility perhaps impeded by insufficient computational power or costly hardware. The history of these ideas, perhaps selective due to our perspectives, is presented with the goal of organizing the past literature and highlighting the seminal contributions. We argue that those contributions are as relevant today as they were decades ago and, with the state of modern computational tools, are poised to find new life in the robotic perception systems of the next decade.
Key facts. Cited by 90 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 8 Mar 2016.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 17; 2022: 10; 2023: 11; 2024: 11; 2025: 11; 2026: 30.
90 papers.
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- 2021Rapid Exploration for Open-World Navigation with Latent Goal Modelscited by 118
- 2023Adaptive Rotated Convolution for Rotated Object Detectioncited by 51
- 2021A Survey on Human-aware Robot Navigationcited by 23
- 2025Eye, Robot: Learning to Look to Act with a BC-RL Perception-Action Loopcited by 23
- 2021Safe Occlusion-aware Autonomous Driving via Game-Theoretic Active Perceptioncited by 22
- 2022Learning Active Camera for Multi-Object Navigationcited by 20
- 2021How to select and use tools? : Active Perception of Target Objects Using Multimodal Deep Learningcited by 15
- 2023Evidential Active Recognition: Intelligent and Prudent Open-World Embodied Perceptioncited by 15
- 2021On the use of Cortical Magnification and Saccades as Biological Proxies for Data Augmentationcited by 12
- 2022Active Visuo-Haptic Object Shape Completioncited by 11
- 2022Active Acquisition for Multimodal Temporal Data: A Challenging Decision-Making Taskcited by 11
- 2024ActiView: Evaluating Active Perception Ability for Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 11
38 more
- 2025VISO-Grasp: Vision-Language Informed Spatial Object-centric 6-DoF Active View Planning and Grasping in Clutter and Invisibilitycited by 11
- 2023Active-Perceptive Motion Generation for Mobile Manipulationcited by 10
- 2021Visual-Tactile Cross-Modal Data Generation using Residue-Fusion GAN with Feature-Matching and Perceptual Lossescited by 6
- 2021Evaluating the Single-Shot MultiBox Detector and YOLO Deep Learning Models for the Detection of Tomatoes in a Greenhousecited by 6
- 2021The Artificial Intelligence behind the winning entry to the 2019 AI Robotic Racing Competitioncited by 6
- 2021NudgeSeg: Zero-Shot Object Segmentation by Repeated Physical Interactioncited by 5
- 2022OpenDR: An Open Toolkit for Enabling High Performance, Low Footprint Deep Learning for Roboticscited by 5
- 2022SGTM 2.0: Autonomously Untangling Long Cables using Interactive Perceptioncited by 5
- 2026VLA-Thinker: Boosting Vision-Language-Action Models through Thinking-with-Image Reasoningcited by 5
- 2022Next-Best-View Prediction for Active Stereo Cameras and Highly Reflective Objectscited by 4
- 2025Thousand-Brains Systems: Sensorimotor Intelligence for Rapid, Robust Learning and Inferencecited by 4
- 2026ActiveMimic: Egocentric Video Pretraining with Active Perceptioncited by 4
- 2024Active inference and deep generative modeling for cognitive ultrasoundcited by 3
- 2025Active 6D Pose Estimation for Textureless Objects using Multi-View RGB Framescited by 3
- 2026Actively Obtaining Environmental Feedback for Autonomous Action Evaluation Without Predefined Measurementscited by 3
- 2026SCALE: Self-uncertainty Conditioned Adaptive Looking and Execution for Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 3
- 2026Interactive Benchmarkscited by 3
- 2021Probing the Effect of Selection Bias on Generalization: A Thought Experimentcited by 2
- 2021Active Safety Envelopes using Light Curtains with Probabilistic Guaranteescited by 2
- 2022Active Perception Applied To Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Through Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 2
- 2023Look Around and Learn: Self-Training Object Detection by Explorationcited by 2
- 2024MINT: A wrapper to make multi-modal and multi-image AI models interactivecited by 2
- 2024Multi-modal perception for soft robotic interactions using generative modelscited by 2
- 2024Learning to Look: Seeking Information for Decision Making via Policy Factorizationcited by 2
- 2025Tactile MNIST: Benchmarking Active Tactile Perceptioncited by 2
- 2025Human Scanpath Prediction in Target-Present Visual Search with Semantic-Foveal Bayesian Attentioncited by 2
- 2026OA-NBV: Occlusion-Aware Next-Best-View Planning for Human-Centered Active Perception on Mobile Robotscited by 2
- 2026Engagement Process: Rethinking the Temporal Interface of Action and Observationcited by 2
- 2026Planning with the Viewscited by 2
- 2026LIME: Learning Intent-aware Camera Motion from Egocentric Videocited by 2
- 2021On the Control of Attentional Processes in Visioncited by 1
- 2021Uncertainty Maximization in Partially Observable Domains: A Cognitive Perspectivecited by 1
- 2022TTCDist: Fast Distance Estimation From an Active Monocular Camera Using Time-to-Contactcited by 1
- 2022Where Am I Now? Dynamically Finding Optimal Sensor States to Minimize Localization Uncertainty for a Perception-Denied Rovercited by 1
- 2023GIRA: Gaussian Mixture Models for Inference and Robot Autonomycited by 1
- 2023Self-Supervised Learning for Interactive Perception of Surgical Thread for Autonomous Suture Tail-Shorteningcited by 1
- 2024Semantic-Based Active Perception for Humanoid Visual Tasks with Foveal Sensorscited by 1
- 2025Apple: Toward General Active Perception via Reinforcement Learningcited by 1
50 most cited of 90 All 90 (JSON)
- 2026Before Agents Decide: Epistemic Action in LLM-Based Systems30 Sep 2026
- 2026Active Spatial Inspection for Effective and Efficient Embodied Exploration18 Sep 2026
- 2026ActiveScale: Scaling Active Perception for Robots across Model, Data, and Hardware16 Sep 2026
- 2026LG-VLN: A Zero-Shot Vision-and-Language Navigation Framework with LangGraph State Orchestration14 Sep 2026
- 2026New Evidence, Same Choice: Testing Physical Experiment Selection in Vision Language Models10 Sep 2026
- 2026Generalist Open-World Temporal Perception6 Sep 2026
- 2026MNIST-PRO: MNIST is Back as a Partially Observable World for AI Agents31 Aug 2026
- 2026Agents in the Large: Perception-Centered Architecture for Persistent Agents31 Aug 2026
- 2026Global Logic and Local Search: Dual-Stream Multimodal In-Context Learning for Verifiable Industrial Anomaly Detection4 Jul 2026
- 2026LIME: Learning Intent-aware Camera Motion from Egocentric Video2 Jul 2026
- 2026NormAct: Benchmarking Embodied Agents' Proactive Compliance with Unspoken Social Norms26 Jun 2026
- 2026How Should a Robot Configure Its Laser Scanner for Inspection?19 Jun 2026
38 more
- 2026Fast Human Attention Prediction for Fixation-guided Active Perception in Autonomous Navigation18 Jun 2026
- 2026Trajectory Optimization in Single and Dual-UAV Bearing-Only Target Localization8 Jun 2026
- 2026MinNav: Minimalist Navigation Using Optical Flow For Active Tiny Aerial Robots5 Jun 2026
- 2026ActiveMimic: Egocentric Video Pretraining with Active Perception4 Jun 2026
- 2026Planning with the Views28 May 2026
- 2026RGB-only Active 3D Scene Graph Generation for Indoor Mobile Robots18 May 2026
- 2026Fixed External Cameras as Common Prior Maps for Active 3D Scene Graph Generation18 May 2026
- 2026ScreenSearch: Uncertainty-Aware OS Exploration15 May 2026
- 2026Engagement Process: Rethinking the Temporal Interface of Action and Observation12 May 2026
- 2026Video Active Perception: Effective Inference-Time Long-Form Video Understanding with Vision-Language Models3 May 2026
- 2026DINO-Explorer: Active Underwater Discovery via Ego-Motion Compensated Semantic Predictive Coding14 Apr 2026
- 2026VLA-Thinker: Boosting Vision-Language-Action Models through Thinking-with-Image Reasoning15 Mar 2026
- 2026OA-NBV: Occlusion-Aware Next-Best-View Planning for Human-Centered Active Perception on Mobile Robots10 Mar 2026
- 2026Interactive Benchmarks5 Mar 2026
- 2026Active perception and disentangled representations allow continual, episodic zero and few-shot learning22 Feb 2026
- 2026Monocular Reconstruction of Neural Tactile Fields13 Feb 2026
- 2026SCALE: Self-uncertainty Conditioned Adaptive Looking and Execution for Vision-Language-Action Models4 Feb 2026
- 2026Actively Obtaining Environmental Feedback for Autonomous Action Evaluation Without Predefined Measurements4 Jan 2026
- 2025DIJIT: A Robotic Head for an Active Observer8 Dec 2025
- 2025Intelligent Power Grid Design Review via Active Perception-Enabled Multimodal Large Language Models24 Nov 2025
- 2025Human Scanpath Prediction in Target-Present Visual Search with Semantic-Foveal Bayesian Attention24 Jul 2025
- 2025Thousand-Brains Systems: Sensorimotor Intelligence for Rapid, Robust Learning and Inference6 Jul 2025
- 2025Eye, Robot: Learning to Look to Act with a BC-RL Perception-Action Loop12 Jun 2025
- 2025Tactile MNIST: Benchmarking Active Tactile Perception3 Jun 2025
- 2025Embodied AI in Machine Learning -- is it Really Embodied?15 May 2025
- 2025Apple: Toward General Active Perception via Reinforcement Learning9 May 2025
- 2025VISO-Grasp: Vision-Language Informed Spatial Object-centric 6-DoF Active View Planning and Grasping in Clutter and Invisibility16 Mar 2025
- 2025Active 6D Pose Estimation for Textureless Objects using Multi-View RGB Frames5 Mar 2025
- 2025Actively Inferring Optimal Measurement Sequences25 Feb 2025
- 2024When to Localize? A Risk-Constrained Reinforcement Learning Approach5 Nov 2024
- 2024Learning to Look: Seeking Information for Decision Making via Policy Factorization24 Oct 2024
- 2024Active inference and deep generative modeling for cognitive ultrasound17 Oct 2024
- 2024ActiView: Evaluating Active Perception Ability for Multimodal Large Language Models7 Oct 2024
- 2024RUMI: Rummaging Using Mutual Information19 Aug 2024
- 2024Towards Dynamic Feature Acquisition on Medical Time Series by Maximizing Conditional Mutual Information18 Jul 2024
- 2024Active Scout: Multi-Target Tracking Using Neural Radiance Fields in Dense Urban Environments11 Jun 2024
- 2024Semantic-Based Active Perception for Humanoid Visual Tasks with Foveal Sensors16 Apr 2024
- 2024Multi-modal perception for soft robotic interactions using generative models5 Apr 2024
50 newest of 90 All 90 (JSON)
- 2024ActiView: Evaluating Active Perception Ability for Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 11
- 2026Video Active Perception: Effective Inference-Time Long-Form Video Understanding with Vision-Language Modelscited by 1
- 2026NormAct: Benchmarking Embodied Agents' Proactive Compliance with Unspoken Social Normscited by 1
- 2025Intelligent Power Grid Design Review via Active Perception-Enabled Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026Global Logic and Local Search: Dual-Stream Multimodal In-Context Learning for Verifiable Industrial Anomaly Detectioncited by 0
- 2026New Evidence, Same Choice: Testing Physical Experiment Selection in Vision Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026New Evidence, Same Choice: Testing Physical Experiment Selection in Vision Language Models10 Sep 2026
- 2026Global Logic and Local Search: Dual-Stream Multimodal In-Context Learning for Verifiable Industrial Anomaly Detection4 Jul 2026
- 2026NormAct: Benchmarking Embodied Agents' Proactive Compliance with Unspoken Social Norms26 Jun 2026
- 2026Video Active Perception: Effective Inference-Time Long-Form Video Understanding with Vision-Language Models3 May 2026
- 2025Intelligent Power Grid Design Review via Active Perception-Enabled Multimodal Large Language Models24 Nov 2025
- 2024ActiView: Evaluating Active Perception Ability for Multimodal Large Language Models7 Oct 2024
- 2026Before Agents Decide: Epistemic Action in LLM-Based Systems30 Sep 2026
- 2026Agents in the Large: Perception-Centered Architecture for Persistent Agents31 Aug 2026
- 2026ScreenSearch: Uncertainty-Aware OS Exploration15 May 2026
- 2026VLA-Thinker: Boosting Vision-Language-Action Models through Thinking-with-Image Reasoningcited by 5
- 2026SCALE: Self-uncertainty Conditioned Adaptive Looking and Execution for Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 3
- 2026Engagement Process: Rethinking the Temporal Interface of Action and Observationcited by 2
- 2026Engagement Process: Rethinking the Temporal Interface of Action and Observation12 May 2026
- 2026VLA-Thinker: Boosting Vision-Language-Action Models through Thinking-with-Image Reasoning15 Mar 2026
- 2026SCALE: Self-uncertainty Conditioned Adaptive Looking and Execution for Vision-Language-Action Models4 Feb 2026
- 2021Rapid Exploration for Open-World Navigation with Latent Goal Modelscited by 118
- 2023Adaptive Rotated Convolution for Rotated Object Detectioncited by 51
- 2021A Survey on Human-aware Robot Navigationcited by 23
- 2025Eye, Robot: Learning to Look to Act with a BC-RL Perception-Action Loopcited by 23
- 2022Learning Active Camera for Multi-Object Navigationcited by 20
- 2021How to select and use tools? : Active Perception of Target Objects Using Multimodal Deep Learningcited by 15
- 2023Evidential Active Recognition: Intelligent and Prudent Open-World Embodied Perceptioncited by 15
- 2021On the use of Cortical Magnification and Saccades as Biological Proxies for Data Augmentationcited by 12
- 2022Active Visuo-Haptic Object Shape Completioncited by 11
- 2022Active Acquisition for Multimodal Temporal Data: A Challenging Decision-Making Taskcited by 11
- 2025VISO-Grasp: Vision-Language Informed Spatial Object-centric 6-DoF Active View Planning and Grasping in Clutter and Invisibilitycited by 11
- 2023Active-Perceptive Motion Generation for Mobile Manipulationcited by 10
12 most cited of 77 All 77 (JSON)
- 2026Active Spatial Inspection for Effective and Efficient Embodied Exploration18 Sep 2026
- 2026ActiveScale: Scaling Active Perception for Robots across Model, Data, and Hardware16 Sep 2026
- 2026LG-VLN: A Zero-Shot Vision-and-Language Navigation Framework with LangGraph State Orchestration14 Sep 2026
- 2026Generalist Open-World Temporal Perception6 Sep 2026
- 2026MNIST-PRO: MNIST is Back as a Partially Observable World for AI Agents31 Aug 2026
- 2026LIME: Learning Intent-aware Camera Motion from Egocentric Video2 Jul 2026
- 2026How Should a Robot Configure Its Laser Scanner for Inspection?19 Jun 2026
- 2026Fast Human Attention Prediction for Fixation-guided Active Perception in Autonomous Navigation18 Jun 2026
- 2026Trajectory Optimization in Single and Dual-UAV Bearing-Only Target Localization8 Jun 2026
- 2026MinNav: Minimalist Navigation Using Optical Flow For Active Tiny Aerial Robots5 Jun 2026
- 2026ActiveMimic: Egocentric Video Pretraining with Active Perception4 Jun 2026
- 2026Planning with the Views28 May 2026
12 newest of 77 All 77 (JSON)