BRIDGE: An Open-Source Humanoid Platform via Morphology-Control Co-Design for Physical AI
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Abstract (arXiv)
Developing humanoid robots capable of leveraging human behavioral data is essential for general-purpose embodiment, yet conventional development remains bottlenecked by a decoupled paradigm that isolates hardware design from whole-body control. This approach leads to suboptimal systems that compromise human-like fluidity and agility. To bridge this gap, we introduce a data-driven morphology-control co-design framework that optimizes humanoid morphology for human-like movement. To quantify morphological fidelity, we also introduce a novel metric that jointly considers kinematic retargeting fidelity to human motion and dynamic tracking performance. Our framework achieves state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance across all metrics compared to baseline humanoids (Bumi, K1, and Toddlerbot). Finally, we realize this design in Bridge, an open-source, 88cm-tall humanoid platform released alongside its control policy. We demonstrate that Bridge captures human motion data with superior fidelity, exhibiting exceptional performance across foundational locomotion, robust balance, and highly dynamic maneuvers. Videos and open-source materials: https://sites.google.com/view/bridgerobot.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 34 of its 51 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Sep 2026.
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34 of 51 references.
References · 34
- 2021RMA: Rapid Motor Adaptation for Legged Robotscited by 430
- 2024HumanPlus: Humanoid Shadowing and Imitation from Humanscited by 164
- 2024EgoMimic: Scaling Imitation Learning via Egocentric Videocited by 160
- 2025BeyondMimic: From Motion Tracking to Versatile Humanoid Control via Guided Diffusioncited by 128
- 2023Extreme Parkour with Legged Robotscited by 120
- 2023Robot Parkour Learningcited by 115
- 2023Universal Humanoid Motion Representations for Physics-Based Controlcited by 109
- 2024MaskedMimic: Unified Physics-Based Character Control Through Masked Motion Inpaintingcited by 101
- 2025TWIST: Teleoperated Whole-Body Imitation Systemcited by 86
- 2025SONIC: Supersizing Motion Tracking for Natural Humanoid Whole-Body Controlcited by 83
- 2025GMT: General Motion Tracking for Humanoid Whole-Body Controlcited by 72
- 2025Retargeting Matters: General Motion Retargeting for Humanoid Motion Trackingcited by 60
22 more
- 2025Humanoid Locomotion and Manipulation: Current Progress and Challenges in Control, Planning, and Learningcited by 52
- 2018Jointly Learning to Construct and Control Agents using Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 51
- 2025Zero-Shot Whole-Body Humanoid Control via Behavioral Foundation Modelscited by 51
- 2025TWIST2: Scalable, Portable, and Holistic Humanoid Data Collection Systemcited by 39
- 2025Emergence of Human to Robot Transfer in Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 36
- 2025CLONE: Closed-Loop Whole-Body Humanoid Teleoperation for Long-Horizon Taskscited by 35
- 2019Neural Graph Evolution: Towards Efficient Automatic Robot Designcited by 34
- 2025BFM-Zero: A Promptable Behavioral Foundation Model for Humanoid Control Using Unsupervised Reinforcement Learningcited by 33
- 2023DiffuseBot: Breeding Soft Robots With Physics-Augmented Generative Diffusion Modelscited by 30
- 2020Hardware as Policy: Mechanical and Computational Co-Optimization using Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 29
- 2025Attention-Based Map Encoding for Learning Generalized Legged Locomotioncited by 27
- 2021Multi-Objective Graph Heuristic Search for Terrestrial Robot Designcited by 18
- 2022GLSO: Grammar-guided Latent Space Optimization for Sample-efficient Robot Design Automationcited by 16
- 2022From Universal Humanoid Control to Automatic Physically Valid Character Creationcited by 11
- 2017Functional Co-Optimization of Articulated Robotscited by 10
- 2025BodyGen: Advancing Towards Efficient Embodiment Co-Designcited by 9
- 2025ToddlerBot: Open-Source ML-Compatible Humanoid Platform for Loco-Manipulationcited by 8
- 2025House of Dextra: Cross-embodied Co-design for Dexterous Handscited by 4
- 2026ZEST: Zero-shot Embodied Skill Transfer for Athletic Robot Controlcited by 4
- 2022Co-Imitation: Learning Design and Behaviour by Imitationcited by 3
- 2025Demonstrating Berkeley Humanoid Lite: An Open-source, Accessible, and Customizable 3D-printed Humanoid Robotcited by 2
- 2026Transformer Transformer: A Unified Model for Motion-Conditioned Robot Co-designcited by 2
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