SimWAM: A Simple World Action Model for End-to-End Autonomous Driving
On the map: World models → World models for autonomous driving
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Abstract (arXiv)
In autonomous driving, World-Action Models (WAMs) have improved end-to-end planning by transferring video dynamics priors to action prediction, but many still couple planning with future-video generation at inference, incurring substantial computational overhead. We present SimWAM, a simple yet effective WAM that leverages future-video prediction solely as a training-time supervision signal. It co-trains a pretrained video expert and a lightweight action expert with joint flow matching. An isolated attention mask keeps action prediction independent of future frames, allowing trajectory prediction without future-frame generation at inference. This design supports multiple pretrained video backbones and independent action-expert scaling within a shared attention interface, while preserving the joint learning objective. Moreover, we apply reinforcement learning to optimize a compositional driving reward beyond trajectory imitation. Experiments show that SimWAM achieves 91.9 PDMS on NAVSIM with a favorable trade-off between accuracy and latency among world-model-based planners, while transferring zero-shot to nuScenes. It also achieves competitive planning accuracy on WOD-E2E and PhysicalAI-Autonomous-Vehicles. These results position SimWAM as a plain yet solid baseline for efficient autonomous driving. The code and model weights are available at https://github.com/H-EmbodVis/SimWAM/.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in World models for autonomous driving, one of 11 directions in World models. Builds on 71 of its 78 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Aug 2026.
Builds on
71 of 78 references.
Closest ancestors · 19
Same direction, newest first
- 2026Metis: A Generalizable and Efficient World-Action Model for Autonomous Driving and Urban Navigation14 Jun
- 2026DriveWAM: Video Generative Priors Enable Scalable World-Action Modeling for Autonomous Driving27 May
- 2026DriveVA: Video Action Models are Zero-Shot Drivers5 Apr
- 2026ExploreVLA: Dense World Modeling and Exploration for End-to-End Autonomous Driving3 Apr
- 2026Uni-World VLA: Interleaved World Modeling and Planning for Autonomous Driving28 Mar
- 2026Vega: Learning to Drive with Natural Language Instructions26 Mar
- 2025DriveLaW:Unifying Planning and Video Generation in a Latent Driving World29 Dec
- 2025WorldRFT: Latent World Model Planning with Reinforcement Fine-Tuning for Autonomous Driving22 Dec
- 2025DriveVLA-W0: World Models Amplify Data Scaling Law in Autonomous Driving14 Oct
- 2025Epona: Autoregressive Diffusion World Model for Autonomous Driving30 Jun
- 2025Raw2Drive: Reinforcement Learning with Aligned World Models for End-to-End Autonomous Driving (in CARLA v2)22 May
- 2025End-to-End Driving with Online Trajectory Evaluation via BEV World Model2 Apr
7 more
- 2025VaViM and VaVAM: Autonomous Driving through Video Generative Modeling21 Feb
- 2025HERMES: A Unified Self-Driving World Model for Simultaneous 3D Scene Understanding and Generation24 Jan
- 2025AdaWM: Adaptive World Model based Planning for Autonomous Driving22 Jan
- 2024Doe-1: Closed-Loop Autonomous Driving with Large World Model12 Dec
- 2024GenAD: Generative End-to-End Autonomous Driving18 Feb
- 2023OccWorld: Learning a 3D Occupancy World Model for Autonomous Driving27 Nov
- 2021NuPlan: A closed-loop ML-based planning benchmark for autonomous vehicles22 Jun
Other references · 52
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- 2022Scalable Diffusion Models with Transformerscited by 5,931
- 2022Flow Matching for Generative Modelingcited by 5,426
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38 more
- 2025V-JEPA 2: Self-Supervised Video Models Enable Understanding, Prediction and Planningcited by 738
- 2023VAD: Vectorized Scene Representation for Efficient Autonomous Drivingcited by 613
- 2025Flow-GRPO: Training Flow Matching Models via Online RLcited by 605
- 2024LTX-Video: Realtime Video Latent Diffusioncited by 549
- 2017End-to-end Driving via Conditional Imitation Learningcited by 479
- 2022TransFuser: Imitation with Transformer-Based Sensor Fusion for Autonomous Drivingcited by 477
- 2025CoT-VLA: Visual Chain-of-Thought Reasoning for Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 440
- 2026World Action Models are Zero-shot Policiescited by 411
- 2019A Survey of Autonomous Driving: Common Practices and Emerging Technologiescited by 373
- 2022ST-P3: End-to-end Vision-based Autonomous Driving via Spatial-Temporal Feature Learningcited by 365
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- 2024DiffusionDrive: Truncated Diffusion Model for End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 324
- 2026Fast-WAM: Do World Action Models Need Test-time Future Imagination?cited by 311
- 2026Causal World Modeling for Robot Controlcited by 289
- 2025AutoVLA: A Vision-Language-Action Model for End-to-End Autonomous Driving with Adaptive Reasoning and Reinforcement Fine-Tuningcited by 252
- 2023Scene as Occupancycited by 208
- 2025ReCogDrive: A Reinforced Cognitive Framework for End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 190
- 2025World Simulation with Video Foundation Models for Physical AIcited by 183
- 2025ORION: A Holistic End-to-End Autonomous Driving Framework by Vision-Language Instructed Action Generationcited by 177
- 2025FutureSightDrive: Thinking Visually with Spatio-Temporal CoT for Autonomous Drivingcited by 165
- 2025Pseudo-Simulation for Autonomous Drivingcited by 141
- 2025Alpamayo-R1: Bridging Reasoning and Action Prediction for Generalizable Autonomous Driving in the Long Tailcited by 136
- 2025DriveSuprim: Towards Precise Trajectory Selection for End-to-End Planningcited by 91
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- 2025WOD-E2E: Waymo Open Dataset for End-to-End Driving in Challenging Long-tail Scenarioscited by 60
- 2025RAP: 3D Rasterization Augmented End-to-End Planningcited by 39
- 2026SGDrive: Scene-to-Goal Hierarchical World Cognition for Autonomous Drivingcited by 34
- 2025CarPlanner: Consistent Auto-regressive Trajectory Planning for Large-scale Reinforcement Learning in Autonomous Drivingcited by 31
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- 2025Future-Aware End-to-End Driving: Bidirectional Modeling of Trajectory Planning and Scene Evolutioncited by 22
- 2026DriveFine: Refining-Augmented Masked Diffusion VLA for Precise and Robust Drivingcited by 18
- 2026DriveDreamer-Policy: A Geometry-Grounded World-Action Model for Unified Generation and Planningcited by 17
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- 2025HMVLM: Multistage Reasoning-Enhanced Vision-Language Model for Long-Tailed Driving Scenarioscited by 14
- 2025dVLM-AD: Enhance Diffusion Vision-Language-Model for Driving via Controllable Reasoningcited by 14
50 most cited of 52 All 52 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2026: 5.
5 papers.
- 2026Qwen-Drive-1.0: An Initial Step towards a Vision-Language Foundation Model for Autonomous Drivingcited by 8
- 2026NavSafe-∞: Benchmarking Closed-Loop Driving Safety in Photorealistic Environmentscited by 0
- 2026V2X-WAM: A Cooperative World Action Model for End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
- 2026PhysWAM: Physically Consistent World Action Model for Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
- 2026AffordDrive3D: Affordance-Aware World-Action Modeling with Spatial Understandingcited by 0
- 2026AffordDrive3D: Affordance-Aware World-Action Modeling with Spatial Understanding8 Oct 2026
- 2026PhysWAM: Physically Consistent World Action Model for Autonomous Driving29 Sep 2026
- 2026V2X-WAM: A Cooperative World Action Model for End-to-End Autonomous Driving29 Sep 2026
- 2026NavSafe-∞: Benchmarking Closed-Loop Driving Safety in Photorealistic Environments22 Sep 2026
- 2026Qwen-Drive-1.0: An Initial Step towards a Vision-Language Foundation Model for Autonomous Driving31 Aug 2026
Similar, not cited
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- 2026SV-WAM: An Efficient Surround-View World-Action Model for End-to-End Autonomous Driving
- 2026ReWorld: Representation Learning for World Action Models
- 2026Latent-WAM: Latent World Action Modeling for End-to-End Autonomous Driving
- 2026Drive-HWM: Hierarchical World Models for Dynamic-Latent Guided Autonomous Driving
- 2026BrainWAM: Action-Space Coordination of Semantic Priors and Predictive Dynamics for Autonomous Driving
- 2026Discrete-WAM: Unified Discrete Vision-Action Token Editing for World-Policy Learning
- 2026MM-Future: Multi-Mode Joint World-Action Modeling for Autonomous Driving