mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Discrete-WAM: Unified Discrete Vision-Action Token Editing for World-Policy Learning

arXiv 2606.05645 ↗First posted 4 Jun 2026cs.ROcited by 4

On the map: World models → Embodied and robot world models

Abstract (arXiv)

Autonomous driving requires reasoning about how ego actions shape future world evolution, rather than merely mapping observations to actions. However, most end-to-end methods rely on direct state-to-action imitation, while existing world models often remain weakly aligned with downstream policy generation. We introduce Discrete-WAM, a unified discrete vision-action world-policy framework that represents visual observations, future states, high-level decisions, and ego actions within a shared token space. Built on this discrete alignment, Discrete-WAM jointly trains world modeling, world-policy modeling, and policy modeling through multi-task and multi-stage pretraining, allowing action-conditioned future prediction to directly support policy generation. For downstream planning, Discrete-WAM further decomposes policy generation into hierarchical decision prediction and parallel action-token editing, where the decision token provides a high-level planning skeleton and confidence-based scheduling refines dense future actions efficiently. Experiments on large-scale autonomous-driving benchmarks show that Discrete-WAM achieves strong planning performance while supporting controllable future generation, counterfactual evaluation, surprise-based world-model analysis, and efficient parallel policy decoding. These results suggest that discrete representation alignment, unified world-policy training, and hierarchical token editing provide a promising design paradigm for physical AI.

Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Embodied and robot world models, one of 11 directions in World models. Builds on 58 of its 103 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 4 Jun 2026.

Builds on

58 of 103 references.

Closest ancestors · 7

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2026Fast-WAM: Do World Action Models Need Test-time Future Imagination?17 Mar
  2. 2026World Action Models are Zero-shot Policies17 Feb
  3. 2026RISE: Self-Improving Robot Policy with Compositional World Model11 Feb
  4. 2026DreamDojo: A Generalist Robot World Model from Large-Scale Human Videos6 Feb
  5. 2025IRL-VLA: Training an Vision-Language-Action Policy via Reward World Model7 Aug
  6. 2025WorldVLA: Towards Autoregressive Action World Model26 Jun
  7. 2025Unified World Models: Coupling Video and Action Diffusion for Pretraining on Large Robotic Datasets3 Apr

Other references · 51

  1. 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 9,379
  2. 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,820
  3. 2025DINOv3cited by 1,414
  4. 2023GAIA-1: A Generative World Model for Autonomous Drivingcited by 637
  5. 2021NuPlan: A closed-loop ML-based planning benchmark for autonomous vehiclescited by 493
  6. 2026Cosmos Policy: Fine-Tuning Video Models for Visuomotor Control and Planningcited by 300
  7. 2024VADv2: End-to-End Vectorized Autonomous Driving via Probabilistic Planningcited by 289
  8. 2025AutoVLA: A Vision-Language-Action Model for End-to-End Autonomous Driving with Adaptive Reasoning and Reinforcement Fine-Tuningcited by 260
  9. 2024Hydra-MDP: End-to-end Multimodal Planning with Multi-target Hydra-Distillationcited by 249
  10. 2025ReCogDrive: A Reinforced Cognitive Framework for End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 198
  11. 2025Cosmos-Reason1: From Physical Common Sense To Embodied Reasoningcited by 164
  12. 2024GenAD: Generalized Predictive Model for Autonomous Drivingcited by 150
38 more
  1. 2025Pseudo-Simulation for Autonomous Drivingcited by 150
  2. 2025DriveVLA-W0: World Models Amplify Data Scaling Law in Autonomous Drivingcited by 134
  3. 2024OccLLaMA: An Occupancy-Language-Action Generative World Model for Autonomous Drivingcited by 83
  4. 2025Path Planning for Masked Diffusion Model Samplingcited by 80
  5. 2026DiT4DiT: Jointly Modeling Video Dynamics and Actions for Generalizable Robot Controlcited by 76
  6. 20253D and 4D World Modeling: A Surveycited by 67
  7. 2024DrivingWorld: Constructing World Model for Autonomous Driving via Video GPTcited by 66
  8. 2024Think While You Generate: Discrete Diffusion with Planned Denoisingcited by 63
  9. 2024Informed Correctors for Discrete Diffusion Modelscited by 57
  10. 2025DiffusionDriveV2: Reinforcement Learning-Constrained Truncated Diffusion Modeling in End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 56
  11. 2025iPad: Iterative Proposal-centric End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 42
  12. 2025SimScale: Learning to Drive via Real-World Simulation at Scalecited by 36
  13. 2025VaViM and VaVAM: Autonomous Driving through Video Generative Modelingcited by 35
  14. 2025Plan for Speed: Dilated Scheduling for Masked Diffusion Language Modelscited by 34
  15. 2026Latent-WAM: Latent World Action Modeling for End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 33
  16. 2026Drive-JEPA: Video JEPA Meets Multimodal Trajectory Distillation for End-to-End Drivingcited by 30
  17. 2026SparseDriveV2: Scoring is All You Need for End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 26
  18. 2025Optimal Inference Schedules for Masked Diffusion Modelscited by 25
  19. 2025Discrete Diffusion for Reflective Vision-Language-Action Models in Autonomous Drivingcited by 24
  20. 2025Breaking AR's Sampling Bottleneck: Provable Acceleration via Diffusion Language Modelscited by 23
  21. 2026UniDriveVLA: Unifying Understanding, Perception, and Action Planning for Autonomous Drivingcited by 19
  22. 2026Confidence-Based Decoding is Provably Efficient for Diffusion Language Modelscited by 18
  23. 2025DIVER: Reinforced Diffusion Breaks Imitation Bottlenecks in End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 17
  24. 2025WAM-Flow: Parallel Coarse-to-Fine Motion Planning via Discrete Flow Matching for Autonomous Drivingcited by 16
  25. 2026DreamerAD: Efficient Reinforcement Learning via Latent World Model for Autonomous Drivingcited by 15
  26. 2025Error Bounds and Optimal Schedules for Masked Diffusions with Factorized Approximationscited by 14
  27. 2025dVLM-AD: Enhance Diffusion Vision-Language-Model for Driving via Controllable Reasoningcited by 14
  28. 2026DriveWAM: Video Generative Priors Enable Scalable World-Action Modeling for Autonomous Drivingcited by 14
  29. 2026Learn from Your Mistakes: Self-Correcting Masked Diffusion Modelscited by 13
  30. 2025The Cosine Schedule is Fisher-Rao-Optimal for Masked Discrete Diffusion Modelscited by 11
  31. 2026AutoMoT: A Unified Vision-Language-Action Model with Asynchronous Mixture-of-Transformers for End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 9
  32. 2026LaST-R1: Reinforcing Robotic Manipulation via Adaptive Physical Latent Reasoningcited by 8
  33. 2025FutureX: Enhance End-to-End Autonomous Driving via Latent Chain-of-Thought World Modelcited by 7
  34. 2026MindVLA-U1: VLA Beats VA with Unified Streaming Architecture for Autonomous Drivingcited by 6
  35. 2026Fast-dDrive: Efficient Block-Diffusion VLM for Autonomous Drivingcited by 5
  36. 2025DAP: A Discrete-token Autoregressive Planner for Autonomous Drivingcited by 4
  37. 2026Latent World Models for Automated Driving: A Unified Taxonomy, Evaluation Framework, and Open Challengescited by 3
  38. 2026ReflectDrive-2: Reinforcement-Learning-Aligned Self-Editing for Discrete Diffusion Drivingcited by 3

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 4.

4 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025From Forecasting to Planning: Policy World Model for Collaborative State-Action Prediction
  2. 2026SG-WAM: Self-Guided World Modeling in Geometry-Aware Policy Space
  3. 2026GigaWorld-Policy-0.5: A Faster and Stronger WAM Empowered by AutoResearch
  4. 2026SimWAM: A Simple World Action Model for End-to-End Autonomous Driving
  5. 2026ReWorld: Representation Learning for World Action Models
  6. 2026Enhancing Policy Learning with World-Action Model
  7. 2026DualWAM: Dual-System World Action Models for Asynchronous Global Planning and Local Refinement
  8. 2026GigaWorld-Policy: An Efficient Action-Centered World--Action Model