Latent-WAM: Latent World Action Modeling for End-to-End Autonomous Driving
On the map: World models → World models for autonomous driving
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Abstract (arXiv)
We introduce Latent-WAM, an efficient end-to-end autonomous driving framework that achieves strong trajectory planning through spatially-aware and dynamics-informed latent world representations. Existing world-model-based planners suffer from inadequately compressed representations, limited spatial understanding, and underutilized temporal dynamics, resulting in sub-optimal planning under constrained data and compute budgets. Latent-WAM addresses these limitations with two core modules: a Spatial-Aware Compressive World Encoder (SCWE) that distills geometric knowledge from a foundation model and compresses multi-view images into compact scene tokens via learnable queries, and a Dynamic Latent World Model (DLWM) that employs a causal Transformer to autoregressively predict future world status conditioned on historical visual and motion representations. Extensive experiments on NAVSIM v2 and HUGSIM demonstrate new state-of-the-art results: 89.3 EPDMS on NAVSIM v2 and 28.9 HD-Score on HUGSIM, surpassing the best prior perception-free method by 3.2 EPDMS with significantly less training data and a compact 104M-parameter model.
Key facts. Cited by 27 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in World models for autonomous driving, one of 11 directions in World models. Builds on 47 of its 48 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Mar 2026.
Builds on
47 of 48 references.
Closest ancestors · 19
Same direction, newest first
- 2025DriveLaW:Unifying Planning and Video Generation in a Latent Driving World29 Dec
- 2025WorldRFT: Latent World Model Planning with Reinforcement Fine-Tuning for Autonomous Driving22 Dec
- 2025OmniNWM: Omniscient Driving Navigation World Models21 Oct
- 2025SparseWorld: A Flexible, Adaptive, and Efficient 4D Occupancy World Model Powered by Sparse and Dynamic Queries20 Oct
- 2025DriveVLA-W0: World Models Amplify Data Scaling Law in Autonomous Driving14 Oct
- 2025World4Drive: End-to-End Autonomous Driving via Intention-aware Physical Latent World Model1 Jul
- 2025Epona: Autoregressive Diffusion World Model for Autonomous Driving30 Jun
- 2024HUGSIM: A Real-Time, Photo-Realistic and Closed-Loop Simulator for Autonomous Driving2 Dec
- 2024Tokenize the World into Object-level Knowledge to Address Long-tail Events in Autonomous Driving1 Jul
- 2024Enhancing End-to-End Autonomous Driving with Latent World Model12 Jun
- 2024Vista: A Generalizable Driving World Model with High Fidelity and Versatile Controllability27 May
- 2024DriveWorld: 4D Pre-trained Scene Understanding via World Models for Autonomous Driving7 May
7 more
- 2024DriveDreamer-2: LLM-Enhanced World Models for Diverse Driving Video Generation11 Mar
- 2023Driving into the Future: Multiview Visual Forecasting and Planning with World Model for Autonomous Driving29 Nov
- 2023OccWorld: Learning a 3D Occupancy World Model for Autonomous Driving27 Nov
- 2023Copilot4D: Learning Unsupervised World Models for Autonomous Driving via Discrete Diffusion2 Nov
- 2023GAIA-1: A Generative World Model for Autonomous Driving29 Sep
- 2023DriveDreamer: Towards Real-world-driven World Models for Autonomous Driving18 Sep
- 2021NuPlan: A closed-loop ML-based planning benchmark for autonomous vehicles22 Jun
Other references · 28
- 2023DINOv2: Learning Robust Visual Features without Supervisioncited by 7,764
- 2019nuScenes: A multimodal dataset for autonomous drivingcited by 4,485
- 2019Scalability in Perception for Autonomous Driving: Waymo Open Datasetcited by 2,436
- 2025VGGT: Visual Geometry Grounded Transformercited by 1,475
- 2022Planning-oriented Autonomous Drivingcited by 1,068
- 2023VAD: Vectorized Scene Representation for Efficient Autonomous Drivingcited by 613
- 2021KITTI-360: A Novel Dataset and Benchmarks for Urban Scene Understanding in 2D and 3Dcited by 570
- 2022TransFuser: Imitation with Transformer-Based Sensor Fusion for Autonomous Drivingcited by 477
- 2021Multi-Modal Fusion Transformer for End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 372
- 2024NAVSIM: Data-Driven Non-Reactive Autonomous Vehicle Simulation and Benchmarkingcited by 343
- 2024DiffusionDrive: Truncated Diffusion Model for End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 324
- 2024VADv2: End-to-End Vectorized Autonomous Driving via Probabilistic Planningcited by 287
16 more
- 2024SparseDrive: End-to-End Autonomous Driving via Sparse Scene Representationcited by 239
- 2025ReCogDrive: A Reinforced Cognitive Framework for End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 190
- 2021PandaSet: Advanced Sensor Suite Dataset for Autonomous Drivingcited by 186
- 2025Pseudo-Simulation for Autonomous Drivingcited by 141
- 2024VLP: Vision Language Planning for Autonomous Drivingcited by 125
- 2025DriveTransformer: Unified Transformer for Scalable End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 125
- 2024UniScene: Unified Occupancy-centric Driving Scene Generationcited by 102
- 2024DriveArena: A Closed-loop Generative Simulation Platform for Autonomous Drivingcited by 98
- 2025DriveSuprim: Towards Precise Trajectory Selection for End-to-End Planningcited by 91
- 2025Generalized Trajectory Scoring for End-to-end Multimodal Planningcited by 63
- 2025WorldMirror: Universal 3D World Reconstruction with Any-Prior Promptingcited by 60
- 2024LidarDM: Generative LiDAR Simulation in a Generated Worldcited by 53
- 2025Distilling Multi-modal Large Language Models for Autonomous Drivingcited by 46
- 2025DiST-4D: Disentangled Spatiotemporal Diffusion with Metric Depth for 4D Driving Scene Generationcited by 39
- 2026Drive-JEPA: Video JEPA Meets Multimodal Trajectory Distillation for End-to-End Drivingcited by 26
- 2025Scaling Up Occupancy-centric Driving Scene Generation: Dataset and Methodcited by 8
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 27.
27 papers.
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- 2026DriveFuture: Future-Aware Latent World Models for Autonomous Drivingcited by 15
- 2026The DAWN of World-Action Interactive Modelscited by 7
- 2026GraphWorld: Long-Horizon Planning with World Models for End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 6
- 2026Human Cognition in Machines: A Unified Perspective of World Modelscited by 5
- 2026Discrete-WAM: Unified Discrete Vision-Action Token Editing for World-Policy Learningcited by 3
- 2026DA-WAM: Decision-Aligned Future Latents for Driving World Modelscited by 3
- 2026RISE: Adaptive Imagination for World Action Modelscited by 3
- 2026ForgeDrive: Bidirectional Cross-Conditioning for Unified Visual-Action Generation in Autonomous Drivingcited by 2
- 2026WA-JEPA: Rethinking the Video JEPA Paradigm for World-Action Modeling in Autonomous Drivingcited by 2
- 2026HiDrive: A Closed-Loop Benchmark for High-Level Autonomous Drivingcited by 1
- 2026ReWorld: Representation Learning for World Action Modelscited by 1
- 2026HyWorldVLA: A Vision-Language-Action Model with Hybrid World Modeling for Autonomous Drivingcited by 1
15 more
- 2026Not All History Helps: Velocity-Aware Selective Memory for Long-Horizon End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
- 2026READ: Learning Risk-Informed Fields for End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
- 2026MM-Future: Multi-Mode Joint World-Action Modeling for Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
- 2026Relationally Grounded Latent World Models for Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
- 2026Sometimes You Gotta Run Before You Can Walk: Run-then-Walk Scheduling Strategy for VLM Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
- 2026ForeDrive: Foresight-Guided End-to-End Autonomous Driving with a Planning-Relevant Latent World Modelcited by 0
- 2026SlackDrive: Reclaiming Runtime Slack for Adaptive Driving Inferencecited by 0
- 2026MomWorld: Momentum-Aware Latent World Model for Long-Horizon Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
- 2026ReDrive: Shaping Representations with World Modeling for End-to-End Drivingcited by 0
- 2026AD-E2E-JEPA: A Joint-Embedding Predictive Architecture For End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
- 2026RoXDrive: Closed-Loop Reinforcement Learning for End-to-End Autonomous Driving via Action-Faithful Rolloutscited by 0
- 2026V2X-WAM: A Cooperative World Action Model for End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
- 2026ReWAM: Reciprocal World Action Models for Interactive Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
- 2026Do Better Visual Representations Always Lead to Better End-to-End Autonomous Driving?cited by 0
- 2026PlanWAM: Planning-Shaped Future Representations for End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
- 2026PlanWAM: Planning-Shaped Future Representations for End-to-End Autonomous Driving8 Oct 2026
- 2026Do Better Visual Representations Always Lead to Better End-to-End Autonomous Driving?7 Oct 2026
- 2026ReWAM: Reciprocal World Action Models for Interactive Autonomous Driving30 Sep 2026
- 2026V2X-WAM: A Cooperative World Action Model for End-to-End Autonomous Driving29 Sep 2026
- 2026RoXDrive: Closed-Loop Reinforcement Learning for End-to-End Autonomous Driving via Action-Faithful Rollouts29 Sep 2026
- 2026AD-E2E-JEPA: A Joint-Embedding Predictive Architecture For End-to-End Autonomous Driving28 Sep 2026
- 2026ReDrive: Shaping Representations with World Modeling for End-to-End Driving27 Sep 2026
- 2026MomWorld: Momentum-Aware Latent World Model for Long-Horizon Autonomous Driving27 Sep 2026
- 2026SlackDrive: Reclaiming Runtime Slack for Adaptive Driving Inference23 Sep 2026
- 2026ForeDrive: Foresight-Guided End-to-End Autonomous Driving with a Planning-Relevant Latent World Model22 Sep 2026
- 2026Sometimes You Gotta Run Before You Can Walk: Run-then-Walk Scheduling Strategy for VLM Autonomous Driving22 Sep 2026
- 2026Relationally Grounded Latent World Models for Autonomous Driving21 Sep 2026
15 more
- 2026MM-Future: Multi-Mode Joint World-Action Modeling for Autonomous Driving17 Sep 2026
- 2026READ: Learning Risk-Informed Fields for End-to-End Autonomous Driving11 Sep 2026
- 2026WA-JEPA: Rethinking the Video JEPA Paradigm for World-Action Modeling in Autonomous Driving21 Aug 2026
- 2026RISE: Adaptive Imagination for World Action Models20 Aug 2026
- 2026DA-WAM: Decision-Aligned Future Latents for Driving World Models19 Aug 2026
- 2026Not All History Helps: Velocity-Aware Selective Memory for Long-Horizon End-to-End Autonomous Driving16 Aug 2026
- 2026HyWorldVLA: A Vision-Language-Action Model with Hybrid World Modeling for Autonomous Driving23 Jul 2026
- 2026ForgeDrive: Bidirectional Cross-Conditioning for Unified Visual-Action Generation in Autonomous Driving30 Jun 2026
- 2026ReWorld: Representation Learning for World Action Models25 Jun 2026
- 2026GraphWorld: Long-Horizon Planning with World Models for End-to-End Autonomous Driving15 Jun 2026
- 2026Discrete-WAM: Unified Discrete Vision-Action Token Editing for World-Policy Learning4 Jun 2026
- 2026The DAWN of World-Action Interactive Models12 May 2026
- 2026HiDrive: A Closed-Loop Benchmark for High-Level Autonomous Driving11 May 2026
- 2026DriveFuture: Future-Aware Latent World Models for Autonomous Driving10 May 2026
- 2026Human Cognition in Machines: A Unified Perspective of World Models17 Apr 2026
- 2026DriveFuture: Future-Aware Latent World Models for Autonomous Drivingcited by 15
- 2026The DAWN of World-Action Interactive Modelscited by 7
- 2026GraphWorld: Long-Horizon Planning with World Models for End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 6
- 2026Human Cognition in Machines: A Unified Perspective of World Modelscited by 5
- 2026Discrete-WAM: Unified Discrete Vision-Action Token Editing for World-Policy Learningcited by 3
- 2026DA-WAM: Decision-Aligned Future Latents for Driving World Modelscited by 3
- 2026RISE: Adaptive Imagination for World Action Modelscited by 3
- 2026ForgeDrive: Bidirectional Cross-Conditioning for Unified Visual-Action Generation in Autonomous Drivingcited by 2
- 2026WA-JEPA: Rethinking the Video JEPA Paradigm for World-Action Modeling in Autonomous Drivingcited by 2
- 2026ReWorld: Representation Learning for World Action Modelscited by 1
- 2026HyWorldVLA: A Vision-Language-Action Model with Hybrid World Modeling for Autonomous Drivingcited by 1
- 2026MM-Future: Multi-Mode Joint World-Action Modeling for Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
12 most cited of 21 All 21 (JSON)
- 2026ReWAM: Reciprocal World Action Models for Interactive Autonomous Driving30 Sep 2026
- 2026V2X-WAM: A Cooperative World Action Model for End-to-End Autonomous Driving29 Sep 2026
- 2026RoXDrive: Closed-Loop Reinforcement Learning for End-to-End Autonomous Driving via Action-Faithful Rollouts29 Sep 2026
- 2026AD-E2E-JEPA: A Joint-Embedding Predictive Architecture For End-to-End Autonomous Driving28 Sep 2026
- 2026ReDrive: Shaping Representations with World Modeling for End-to-End Driving27 Sep 2026
- 2026MomWorld: Momentum-Aware Latent World Model for Long-Horizon Autonomous Driving27 Sep 2026
- 2026SlackDrive: Reclaiming Runtime Slack for Adaptive Driving Inference23 Sep 2026
- 2026ForeDrive: Foresight-Guided End-to-End Autonomous Driving with a Planning-Relevant Latent World Model22 Sep 2026
- 2026Relationally Grounded Latent World Models for Autonomous Driving21 Sep 2026
- 2026MM-Future: Multi-Mode Joint World-Action Modeling for Autonomous Driving17 Sep 2026
- 2026WA-JEPA: Rethinking the Video JEPA Paradigm for World-Action Modeling in Autonomous Driving21 Aug 2026
- 2026RISE: Adaptive Imagination for World Action Models20 Aug 2026
12 newest of 21 All 21 (JSON)
- 2026HiDrive: A Closed-Loop Benchmark for High-Level Autonomous Drivingcited by 1
- 2026Not All History Helps: Velocity-Aware Selective Memory for Long-Horizon End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
- 2026READ: Learning Risk-Informed Fields for End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
- 2026Sometimes You Gotta Run Before You Can Walk: Run-then-Walk Scheduling Strategy for VLM Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
- 2026Do Better Visual Representations Always Lead to Better End-to-End Autonomous Driving?cited by 0
- 2026Do Better Visual Representations Always Lead to Better End-to-End Autonomous Driving?7 Oct 2026
- 2026Sometimes You Gotta Run Before You Can Walk: Run-then-Walk Scheduling Strategy for VLM Autonomous Driving22 Sep 2026
- 2026READ: Learning Risk-Informed Fields for End-to-End Autonomous Driving11 Sep 2026
- 2026Not All History Helps: Velocity-Aware Selective Memory for Long-Horizon End-to-End Autonomous Driving16 Aug 2026
- 2026HiDrive: A Closed-Loop Benchmark for High-Level Autonomous Driving11 May 2026
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- 2026Drive-HWM: Hierarchical World Models for Dynamic-Latent Guided Autonomous Driving
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- 2026Kinematics-Aware Latent World Models for Data-Efficient Autonomous Driving
- 2026Latent World Models for Automated Driving: A Unified Taxonomy, Evaluation Framework, and Open Challenges
- 2026SimWAM: A Simple World Action Model for End-to-End Autonomous Driving
- 2026SparseWorld: Enhancing End-to-End Autonomous Driving via World Models with Sparse Scene Representation
- 2026SV-WAM: An Efficient Surround-View World-Action Model for End-to-End Autonomous Driving
- 2025ProphetDWM: A Driving World Model for Rolling Out Future Actions and Videos