ThinkSound: Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Multimodal Large Language Models for Audio Generation and Editing
On the map: LLM reasoning → Audio-language model reasoning
Abstract (arXiv)
While end-to-end video-to-audio generation has greatly improved, producing high-fidelity audio that authentically captures the nuances of visual content remains challenging. Like professionals in the creative industries, this generation requires sophisticated reasoning about items such as visual dynamics, acoustic environments, and temporal relationships. We present ThinkSound, a novel framework that leverages Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning to enable stepwise, interactive audio generation and editing for videos. Our approach decomposes the process into three complementary stages: foundational foley generation that creates semantically coherent soundscapes, interactive object-centric refinement through precise user interactions, and targeted editing guided by natural language instructions. At each stage, a multimodal large language model generates contextually aligned CoT reasoning that guides a unified audio foundation model. Furthermore, we introduce AudioCoT, a comprehensive dataset with structured reasoning annotations that establishes connections between visual content, textual descriptions, and sound synthesis. Experiments demonstrate that ThinkSound achieves state-of-the-art performance in video-to-audio generation across both audio metrics and CoT metrics, and excels in the out-of-distribution Movie Gen Audio benchmark. The project page is available at https://ThinkSound-Project.github.io.
Key facts. Cited by 34 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Audio-language model reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 51 of its 62 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Jun 2025.
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- 2024DeepSeek-VL: Towards Real-World Vision-Language Understandingcited by 733
- 2022Large-scale Contrastive Language-Audio Pretraining with Feature Fusion and Keyword-to-Caption Augmentationcited by 719
- 2023The Dawn of LMMs: Preliminary Explorations with GPT-4V(ision)cited by 681
- 2020VGGSound: A Large-scale Audio-Visual Datasetcited by 648
- 2024Movie Gen: A Cast of Media Foundation Modelscited by 644
- 2023NExT-GPT: Any-to-Any Multimodal LLMcited by 615
- 2019PANNs: Large-Scale Pretrained Audio Neural Networks for Audio Pattern Recognitioncited by 574
- 2024Qwen2-Audio Technical Reportcited by 560
- 2023Simple and Controllable Music Generationcited by 488
- 2023AudioLDM 2: Learning Holistic Audio Generation with Self-supervised Pretrainingcited by 344
- 2023AudioPaLM: A Large Language Model That Can Speak and Listencited by 343
- 2023Demystifying CLIP Datacited by 270
- 2023An Edit Friendly DDPM Noise Space: Inversion and Manipulationscited by 244
- 2021Efficient Training of Audio Transformers with Patchoutcited by 226
- 2018Fr'echet Audio Distance: A Metric for Evaluating Music Enhancement Algorithmscited by 225
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- 2024Fast Timing-Conditioned Latent Audio Diffusioncited by 181
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- 2023Diff-Foley: Synchronized Video-to-Audio Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 134
- 2024Seeing and Hearing: Open-domain Visual-Audio Generation with Diffusion Latent Alignerscited by 111
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- 2021The Benefit Of Temporally-Strong Labels In Audio Event Classificationcited by 83
- 2023AUDIT: Audio Editing by Following Instructions with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 83
- 2023V2A-Mapper: A Lightweight Solution for Vision-to-Audio Generation by Connecting Foundation Modelscited by 65
- 2024Frieren: Efficient Video-to-Audio Generation Network with Rectified Flow Matchingcited by 53
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- 2024Video-Guided Foley Sound Generation with Multimodal Controlscited by 49
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- 2024Video-to-Audio Generation with Hidden Alignmentcited by 26
- 2023ViT-TTS: Visual Text-to-Speech with Scalable Diffusion Transformercited by 24
- 2024FlashAudio: Rectified Flows for Fast and High-Fidelity Text-to-Audio Generationcited by 19
- 2025OmniAudio: Generating Spatial Audio from 360-Degree Videocited by 17
- 2024MEDIC: Zero-shot Music Editing with Disentangled Inversion Controlcited by 8
- 2025TA-V2A: Textually Assisted Video-to-Audio Generationcited by 5
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 15; 2026: 19.
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- 2025HunyuanVideo-Foley: Multimodal Diffusion with Representation Alignment for High-Fidelity Foley Audio Generationcited by 46
- 2025VABench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Audio-Video Generationcited by 30
- 2025UniVA: Universal Video Agent towards Open-Source Next-Generation Video Generalistcited by 15
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- 2025Taming Text-to-Sounding Video Generation via Advanced Modality Condition and Interactioncited by 11
- 2025PhyAVBench: A Challenging Audio Physics-Sensitivity Benchmark for Physically Grounded Text-to-Audio-Video Generationcited by 11
- 2026Omni2Sound: Towards Unified Video-Text-to-Audio Generationcited by 11
- 2025PrismAudio: Decomposed Chain-of-Thoughts and Multi-dimensional Rewards for Video-to-Audio Generationcited by 9
- 2025EchoFoley: Event-Centric Hierarchical Control for Video Grounded Creative Sound Generationcited by 6
- 2025SoundReactor: Frame-level Online Video-to-Audio Generationcited by 5
- 20253MDiT: Unified Tri-Modal Diffusion Transformer for Text-Driven Synchronized Audio-Video Generationcited by 5
- 2025Foley Control: Aligning a Frozen Latent Text-to-Audio Model to Videocited by 4
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- 2025ViSAudio: End-to-End Video-Driven Binaural Spatial Audio Generationcited by 3
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- 2026V2M-Zero: Zero-Pair Time-Aligned Video-to-Music Generationcited by 2
- 2026FoleyDirector: Fine-Grained Temporal Steering for Video-to-Audio Generation via Structured Scriptscited by 2
- 2026Audio-Visual Intelligence in Large Foundation Modelscited by 2
- 2026WavFlow: Audio Generation in Waveform Spacecited by 2
- 2026Benchmarking Single-Factor Physical Video-to-Audio Generationcited by 2
- 2025SightSound-R1: Cross-Modal Reasoning Distillation from Vision to Audio Language Modelscited by 1
- 2025Detecting and Mitigating Insertion Hallucination in Video-to-Audio Generationcited by 1
- 2025AVFakeBench: A Comprehensive Audio-Video Forgery Detection Benchmark for AV-LMMscited by 1
- 2026Dr. SHAP-AV: Decoding Relative Modality Contributions via Shapley Attribution in Audio-Visual Speech Recognitioncited by 1
- 2026Towards Streaming Synchronized Spatial Audio Generation via Autoregressive Diffusion Transformercited by 1
- 2026Beyond Time Shifts: Adapting Omni-LLM as a Reference-Free Evaluator for Generative Audio-Visual Modelscited by 1
- 2025MultiSoundGen: Video-to-Audio Generation for Multi-Event Scenarios via SlowFast Contrastive Audio-Visual Pretraining and Direct Preference Optimizationcited by 0
- 2026ImmersiveTTS: Environment-Aware Text-to-Speech with Multimodal Diffusion Transformer and Domain-Specific Representation Alignmentcited by 0
- 2026STAR-VAE: Structured Topology-Aware Regularization for Audio Reconstruction and Generationcited by 0
- 2026A Production-Oriented Framework for Evaluation of SFX Generationcited by 0
- 2026Scene2Sound: Auditory-Grounded Soundscape Generation for 3D Gaussian Worldscited by 0
- 2026VoxReason: Auditing Source-Grounded Speech Plans Before Synthesiscited by 0
- 2026Joint and Cross-Modal Video-Audio Generation and Editing: A Unified Formulation and Design Taxonomycited by 0
- 2026HelixWorld: A Real-time Interactive Audio-Visual World Modelcited by 0
- 2026HelixWorld: A Real-time Interactive Audio-Visual World Model29 Sep 2026
- 2026Joint and Cross-Modal Video-Audio Generation and Editing: A Unified Formulation and Design Taxonomy28 Sep 2026
- 2026VoxReason: Auditing Source-Grounded Speech Plans Before Synthesis2 Sep 2026
- 2026Scene2Sound: Auditory-Grounded Soundscape Generation for 3D Gaussian Worlds1 Aug 2026
- 2026A Production-Oriented Framework for Evaluation of SFX Generation10 Jul 2026
- 2026Beyond Time Shifts: Adapting Omni-LLM as a Reference-Free Evaluator for Generative Audio-Visual Models10 Jul 2026
- 2026STAR-VAE: Structured Topology-Aware Regularization for Audio Reconstruction and Generation22 Jun 2026
- 2026ImmersiveTTS: Environment-Aware Text-to-Speech with Multimodal Diffusion Transformer and Domain-Specific Representation Alignment29 May 2026
- 2026Towards Streaming Synchronized Spatial Audio Generation via Autoregressive Diffusion Transformer29 May 2026
- 2026Benchmarking Single-Factor Physical Video-to-Audio Generation28 May 2026
- 2026WavFlow: Audio Generation in Waveform Space18 May 2026
- 2026Audio-Visual Intelligence in Large Foundation Models5 May 2026
22 more
- 2026Audio-Omni: Extending Multi-modal Understanding to Versatile Audio Generation and Editing12 Apr 2026
- 2026FoleyDirector: Fine-Grained Temporal Steering for Video-to-Audio Generation via Structured Scripts20 Mar 2026
- 2026AC-Foley: Reference-Audio-Guided Video-to-Audio Synthesis with Acoustic Transfer16 Mar 2026
- 2026Dr. SHAP-AV: Decoding Relative Modality Contributions via Shapley Attribution in Audio-Visual Speech Recognition12 Mar 2026
- 2026V2M-Zero: Zero-Pair Time-Aligned Video-to-Music Generation11 Mar 2026
- 2026Research on World Models Is Not Merely Injecting World Knowledge into Specific Tasks2 Feb 2026
- 2026Omni2Sound: Towards Unified Video-Text-to-Audio Generation6 Jan 2026
- 2025EchoFoley: Event-Centric Hierarchical Control for Video Grounded Creative Sound Generation31 Dec 2025
- 2025PhyAVBench: A Challenging Audio Physics-Sensitivity Benchmark for Physically Grounded Text-to-Audio-Video Generation30 Dec 2025
- 2025VABench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Audio-Video Generation10 Dec 2025
- 2025ViSAudio: End-to-End Video-Driven Binaural Spatial Audio Generation2 Dec 2025
- 20253MDiT: Unified Tri-Modal Diffusion Transformer for Text-Driven Synchronized Audio-Video Generation26 Nov 2025
- 2025AVFakeBench: A Comprehensive Audio-Video Forgery Detection Benchmark for AV-LMMs26 Nov 2025
- 2025PrismAudio: Decomposed Chain-of-Thoughts and Multi-dimensional Rewards for Video-to-Audio Generation24 Nov 2025
- 2025UniVA: Universal Video Agent towards Open-Source Next-Generation Video Generalist11 Nov 2025
- 2025Foley Control: Aligning a Frozen Latent Text-to-Audio Model to Video24 Oct 2025
- 2025Detecting and Mitigating Insertion Hallucination in Video-to-Audio Generation9 Oct 2025
- 2025Taming Text-to-Sounding Video Generation via Advanced Modality Condition and Interaction3 Oct 2025
- 2025SoundReactor: Frame-level Online Video-to-Audio Generation2 Oct 2025
- 2025MultiSoundGen: Video-to-Audio Generation for Multi-Event Scenarios via SlowFast Contrastive Audio-Visual Pretraining and Direct Preference Optimization24 Sep 2025
- 2025SightSound-R1: Cross-Modal Reasoning Distillation from Vision to Audio Language Models19 Sep 2025
- 2025HunyuanVideo-Foley: Multimodal Diffusion with Representation Alignment for High-Fidelity Foley Audio Generation23 Aug 2025
- 2025HunyuanVideo-Foley: Multimodal Diffusion with Representation Alignment for High-Fidelity Foley Audio Generationcited by 46
- 20253MDiT: Unified Tri-Modal Diffusion Transformer for Text-Driven Synchronized Audio-Video Generationcited by 5
- 2026Towards Streaming Synchronized Spatial Audio Generation via Autoregressive Diffusion Transformercited by 1
- 2026ImmersiveTTS: Environment-Aware Text-to-Speech with Multimodal Diffusion Transformer and Domain-Specific Representation Alignmentcited by 0
- 2026STAR-VAE: Structured Topology-Aware Regularization for Audio Reconstruction and Generationcited by 0
- 2026STAR-VAE: Structured Topology-Aware Regularization for Audio Reconstruction and Generation22 Jun 2026
- 2026ImmersiveTTS: Environment-Aware Text-to-Speech with Multimodal Diffusion Transformer and Domain-Specific Representation Alignment29 May 2026
- 2026Towards Streaming Synchronized Spatial Audio Generation via Autoregressive Diffusion Transformer29 May 2026
- 20253MDiT: Unified Tri-Modal Diffusion Transformer for Text-Driven Synchronized Audio-Video Generation26 Nov 2025
- 2025HunyuanVideo-Foley: Multimodal Diffusion with Representation Alignment for High-Fidelity Foley Audio Generation23 Aug 2025
- 2025PhyAVBench: A Challenging Audio Physics-Sensitivity Benchmark for Physically Grounded Text-to-Audio-Video Generationcited by 11
- 2026Research on World Models Is Not Merely Injecting World Knowledge into Specific Taskscited by 3
- 2026HelixWorld: A Real-time Interactive Audio-Visual World Modelcited by 0
- 2026HelixWorld: A Real-time Interactive Audio-Visual World Model29 Sep 2026
- 2026Research on World Models Is Not Merely Injecting World Knowledge into Specific Tasks2 Feb 2026
- 2025PhyAVBench: A Challenging Audio Physics-Sensitivity Benchmark for Physically Grounded Text-to-Audio-Video Generation30 Dec 2025
- 2025VABench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Audio-Video Generationcited by 30
- 2026Audio-Omni: Extending Multi-modal Understanding to Versatile Audio Generation and Editingcited by 12
- 2025Taming Text-to-Sounding Video Generation via Advanced Modality Condition and Interactioncited by 11
- 2026Omni2Sound: Towards Unified Video-Text-to-Audio Generationcited by 11
- 2025EchoFoley: Event-Centric Hierarchical Control for Video Grounded Creative Sound Generationcited by 6
- 2025SoundReactor: Frame-level Online Video-to-Audio Generationcited by 5
- 2025Foley Control: Aligning a Frozen Latent Text-to-Audio Model to Videocited by 4
- 2026AC-Foley: Reference-Audio-Guided Video-to-Audio Synthesis with Acoustic Transfercited by 4
- 2025ViSAudio: End-to-End Video-Driven Binaural Spatial Audio Generationcited by 3
- 2026V2M-Zero: Zero-Pair Time-Aligned Video-to-Music Generationcited by 2
- 2026FoleyDirector: Fine-Grained Temporal Steering for Video-to-Audio Generation via Structured Scriptscited by 2
- 2026Audio-Visual Intelligence in Large Foundation Modelscited by 2
12 most cited of 23 All 23 (JSON)
- 2026Joint and Cross-Modal Video-Audio Generation and Editing: A Unified Formulation and Design Taxonomy28 Sep 2026
- 2026VoxReason: Auditing Source-Grounded Speech Plans Before Synthesis2 Sep 2026
- 2026Scene2Sound: Auditory-Grounded Soundscape Generation for 3D Gaussian Worlds1 Aug 2026
- 2026A Production-Oriented Framework for Evaluation of SFX Generation10 Jul 2026
- 2026Beyond Time Shifts: Adapting Omni-LLM as a Reference-Free Evaluator for Generative Audio-Visual Models10 Jul 2026
- 2026Benchmarking Single-Factor Physical Video-to-Audio Generation28 May 2026
- 2026WavFlow: Audio Generation in Waveform Space18 May 2026
- 2026Audio-Visual Intelligence in Large Foundation Models5 May 2026
- 2026Audio-Omni: Extending Multi-modal Understanding to Versatile Audio Generation and Editing12 Apr 2026
- 2026FoleyDirector: Fine-Grained Temporal Steering for Video-to-Audio Generation via Structured Scripts20 Mar 2026
- 2026AC-Foley: Reference-Audio-Guided Video-to-Audio Synthesis with Acoustic Transfer16 Mar 2026
- 2026Dr. SHAP-AV: Decoding Relative Modality Contributions via Shapley Attribution in Audio-Visual Speech Recognition12 Mar 2026
12 newest of 23 All 23 (JSON)
Similar, not cited
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- 2025Thinking with Sound: Audio Chain-of-Thought Enables Multimodal Reasoning in Large Audio-Language Models
- 2026Audio-Cogito: Towards Deep Audio Reasoning in Large Audio Language Models
- 2025Audio-CoT: Exploring Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Large Audio Language Model
- 2025Audio-Reasoner: Improving Reasoning Capability in Large Audio Language Models
- 2025Investigating Faithfulness in Large Audio Language Models
- 2025Audio Flamingo Sound-CoT Technical Report: Improving Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Sound Understanding
- 2026Beyond Coherence: Benchmarking Professional Editing-Technique Execution in Multi-Shot Audio-Video Generation
- 2026SemanticAudio: Audio Generation and Editing in Semantic Space