mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Audio Flamingo Sound-CoT Technical Report: Improving Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Sound Understanding

arXiv 2508.11818 ↗First posted 15 Aug 2025cs.SD cs.LGcited by 5

On the map: LLM reasoning → Audio-language model reasoning

also in 1 more
Abstract (arXiv)

Chain-of-thought reasoning has demonstrated significant improvements in large language models and vision language models, yet its potential for audio language models remains largely unexplored. In this technical report, we take a preliminary step towards closing this gap. For better assessment of sound reasoning, we propose AF-Reasoning-Eval, a benchmark targeting common-sense reasoning and the ability to discriminate among closely related choices. To prepare training corpus for sound reasoning abilities, we propose automatic pipelines that transform existing audio question answering and classification data into explicit reasoning chains, yielding AF-CoT-Train with 1.24M samples. We study the effect of finetuning Audio Flamingo series on AF-CoT-Train and observe considerable improvements on several reasoning benchmarks, validating the effectiveness of chain-of-thought finetuning on advanced sound understanding.

Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Audio-language model reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 57 of its 68 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 Aug 2025.

Builds on

57 of 68 references.

Closest ancestors · 15

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025Audio Flamingo 3: Advancing Audio Intelligence with Fully Open Large Audio Language Models10 Jul
  2. 2025SoundMind: RL-Incentivized Logic Reasoning for Audio-Language Models15 Jun
  3. 2025SAKURA: On the Multi-hop Reasoning of Large Audio-Language Models Based on Speech and Audio Information19 May
  4. 2025MMAR: A Challenging Benchmark for Deep Reasoning in Speech, Audio, Music, and Their Mix19 May
  5. 2025SARI: Structured Audio Reasoning via Curriculum-Guided Reinforcement Learning22 Apr
  6. 2025Scaling Auditory Cognition via Test-Time Compute in Audio Language Models30 Mar
  7. 2025Qwen2.5-Omni Technical Report26 Mar
  8. 2025Mellow: a small audio language model for reasoning11 Mar
  9. 2025Audio Flamingo 2: An Audio-Language Model with Long-Audio Understanding and Expert Reasoning Abilities6 Mar
  10. 2025Audio-Reasoner: Improving Reasoning Capability in Large Audio Language Models4 Mar
  11. 2025Audio-CoT: Exploring Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Large Audio Language Model13 Jan
  12. 2024MMAU: A Massive Multi-Task Audio Understanding and Reasoning Benchmark24 Oct
3 more
  1. 2024What Are They Doing? Joint Audio-Speech Co-Reasoning22 Sep
  2. 2024GAMA: A Large Audio-Language Model with Advanced Audio Understanding and Complex Reasoning Abilities17 Jun
  3. 2023CompA: Addressing the Gap in Compositional Reasoning in Audio-Language Models12 Oct

Other references · 42

  1. 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,459
  2. 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,820
  3. 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,869
  4. 2025DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 6,330
  5. 2022Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Modelscited by 5,708
  6. 2024GPT-4o System Cardcited by 4,588
  7. 2022Flamingo: a Visual Language Model for Few-Shot Learningcited by 4,386
  8. 2025Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilitiescited by 3,796
  9. 2024Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of contextcited by 3,224
  10. 2023Tree of Thoughts: Deliberate Problem Solving with Large Language Modelscited by 3,211
  11. 2023Multimodal Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Language Modelscited by 752
  12. 2022Automatic Chain of Thought Prompting in Large Language Modelscited by 688
30 more
  1. 2023Qwen-Audio: Advancing Universal Audio Understanding via Unified Large-Scale Audio-Language Modelscited by 608
  2. 2024Qwen2-Audio Technical Reportcited by 560
  3. 2025Phi-4-Mini Technical Report: Compact yet Powerful Multimodal Language Models via Mixture-of-LoRAscited by 521
  4. 2023SALMONN: Towards Generic Hearing Abilities for Large Language Modelscited by 506
  5. 2024LLaVA-CoT: Let Vision Language Models Reason Step-by-Stepcited by 454
  6. 2020FSD50K: An Open Dataset of Human-Labeled Sound Eventscited by 342
  7. 2024Visual CoT: Advancing Multi-Modal Language Models with a Comprehensive Dataset and Benchmark for Chain-of-Thought Reasoningcited by 280
  8. 2025Kimi-Audio Technical Reportcited by 222
  9. 2023Pengi: An Audio Language Model for Audio Taskscited by 220
  10. 2024AIR-Bench: Benchmarking Large Audio-Language Models via Generative Comprehensioncited by 220
  11. 2023Listen, Think, and Understandcited by 209
  12. 2016FMA: A Dataset For Music Analysiscited by 207
  13. 2024Audio Flamingo: A Novel Audio Language Model with Few-Shot Learning and Dialogue Abilitiescited by 186
  14. 2025Cosmos-Reason1: From Physical Common Sense To Embodied Reasoningcited by 164
  15. 2025Llama-Nemotron: Efficient Reasoning Modelscited by 158
  16. 2024Improve Vision Language Model Chain-of-thought Reasoningcited by 136
  17. 2024AudioBench: A Universal Benchmark for Audio Large Language Modelscited by 128
  18. 2024M3CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thoughtcited by 121
  19. 2025Baichuan-Omni-1.5 Technical Reportcited by 111
  20. 2023Joint Audio and Speech Understandingcited by 100
  21. 2022Clotho-AQA: A Crowdsourced Dataset for Audio Question Answeringcited by 85
  22. 2023Music Understanding LLaMA: Advancing Text-to-Music Generation with Question Answering and Captioningcited by 77
  23. 2025AceReason-Nemotron 1.1: Advancing Math and Code Reasoning through SFT and RL Synergycited by 77
  24. 2025Baichuan-Audio: A Unified Framework for End-to-End Speech Interactioncited by 68
  25. 2023Measuring and Improving Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Vision-Language Modelscited by 45
  26. 2023MusiLingo: Bridging Music and Text with Pre-trained Language Models for Music Captioning and Query Responsecited by 45
  27. 2025Towards Holistic Evaluation of Large Audio-Language Models: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 39
  28. 2022CochlScene: Acquisition of acoustic scene data using crowdsourcingcited by 33
  29. 2024Audio Entailment: Assessing Deductive Reasoning for Audio Understandingcited by 22
  30. 2025AudSemThinker: Enhancing Audio-Language Models through Reasoning over Semantics of Soundcited by 11

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 4.

5 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026Audio Flamingo Next: Next-Generation Open Audio-Language Models for Speech, Sound, and Music
  2. 2026Audio-Cogito: Towards Deep Audio Reasoning in Large Audio Language Models
  3. 2026Echo: Towards Advanced Audio Comprehension via Audio-Interleaved Reasoning
  4. 2025Thinking with Sound: Audio Chain-of-Thought Enables Multimodal Reasoning in Large Audio-Language Models
  5. 2025SightSound-R1: Cross-Modal Reasoning Distillation from Vision to Audio Language Models
  6. 2026Audio-DeepThinker: Progressive Reasoning-Aware Reinforcement Learning for High-Quality Chain-of-Thought Emergence in Audio Language Models
  7. 2026When Scaling Fails: Mitigating Audio Perception Decay of LALMs via Multi-Step Perception-Aware Reasoning
  8. 2026AudioRouter: Data Efficient Audio Understanding via RL based Dual Reasoning