mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

An Edit Friendly DDPM Noise Space: Inversion and Manipulations

arXiv 2304.06140 ↗First posted 12 Apr 2023cs.CV cs.LGcited by 244

On the map: Diffusion models → Image generation, text-to-image and editing

Abstract (arXiv)

Denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs) employ a sequence of white Gaussian noise samples to generate an image. In analogy with GANs, those noise maps could be considered as the latent code associated with the generated image. However, this native noise space does not possess a convenient structure, and is thus challenging to work with in editing tasks. Here, we propose an alternative latent noise space for DDPM that enables a wide range of editing operations via simple means, and present an inversion method for extracting these edit-friendly noise maps for any given image (real or synthetically generated). As opposed to the native DDPM noise space, the edit-friendly noise maps do not have a standard normal distribution and are not statistically independent across timesteps. However, they allow perfect reconstruction of any desired image, and simple transformations on them translate into meaningful manipulations of the output image (e.g. shifting, color edits). Moreover, in text-conditional models, fixing those noise maps while changing the text prompt, modifies semantics while retaining structure. We illustrate how this property enables text-based editing of real images via the diverse DDPM sampling scheme (in contrast to the popular non-diverse DDIM inversion). We also show how it can be used within existing diffusion-based editing methods to improve their quality and diversity. Webpage: https://inbarhub.github.io/DDPM_inversion

Key facts. Cited by 244 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Image generation, text-to-image and editing, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 29 of its 34 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 12 Apr 2023.

Builds on

29 of 34 references.

Closest ancestors · 14

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2022SINE: SINgle Image Editing with Text-to-Image Diffusion Models8 Dec
  2. 2022InstructPix2Pix: Learning to Follow Image Editing Instructions17 Nov
  3. 2022Null-text Inversion for Editing Real Images using Guided Diffusion Models17 Nov
  4. 2022Direct Inversion: Optimization-Free Text-Driven Real Image Editing with Diffusion Models15 Nov
  5. 2022eDiff-I: Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with an Ensemble of Expert Denoisers2 Nov
  6. 2022DiffEdit: Diffusion-based semantic image editing with mask guidance20 Oct
  7. 2022Imagic: Text-Based Real Image Editing with Diffusion Models17 Oct
  8. 2022Diffusion-based Image Translation using Disentangled Style and Content Representation30 Sep
  9. 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understanding23 May
  10. 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latents13 Apr
  11. 2021GLIDE: Towards Photorealistic Image Generation and Editing with Text-Guided Diffusion Models20 Dec
  12. 2021Blended Diffusion for Text-driven Editing of Natural Images29 Nov
2 more
  1. 2021Palette: Image-to-Image Diffusion Models10 Nov
  2. 2021DiffusionCLIP: Text-Guided Diffusion Models for Robust Image Manipulation6 Oct

Other references · 15

  1. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 21,076
  2. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,863
  3. 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,177
  4. 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,781
  5. 2021Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesiscited by 8,255
  6. 2022Classifier-Free Diffusion Guidancecited by 5,847
  7. 2022BLIP: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training for Unified Vision-Language Understanding and Generationcited by 4,322
  8. 2022Prompt-to-Prompt Image Editing with Cross Attention Controlcited by 2,431
  9. 2021SDEdit: Guided Image Synthesis and Editing with Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 1,937
  10. 2022RePaint: Inpainting using Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 1,430
  11. 2021Cascaded Diffusion Models for High Fidelity Image Generationcited by 1,163
  12. 2022Plug-and-Play Diffusion Features for Text-Driven Image-to-Image Translationcited by 906
3 more
  1. 2023Zero-shot Image-to-Image Translationcited by 505
  2. 2022EDICT: Exact Diffusion Inversion via Coupled Transformationscited by 258
  3. 2022Unifying Diffusion Models' Latent Space, with Applications to CycleDiffusion and Guidancecited by 67

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 23; 2024: 76; 2025: 96; 2026: 49.

244 papers.

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  1. 2024FlowEdit: Inversion-Free Text-Based Editing Using Pre-Trained Flow Modelscited by 217
  2. 2023Style Aligned Image Generation via Shared Attentioncited by 216
  3. 2024Diffusion Model-Based Image Editing: A Surveycited by 212
  4. 2024Taming Rectified Flow for Inversion and Editingcited by 204
  5. 2024Semantic Image Inversion and Editing using Rectified Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 165
  6. 2023LEDITS++: Limitless Image Editing using Text-to-Image Modelscited by 148
  7. 2023Direct Inversion: Boosting Diffusion-based Editing with 3 Lines of Codecited by 145
  8. 2023Cross-Image Attention for Zero-Shot Appearance Transfercited by 136
  9. 2024ReNoise: Real Image Inversion Through Iterative Noisingcited by 128
  10. 2024Training-Free Consistent Text-to-Image Generationcited by 125
  11. 2024Stable Flow: Vital Layers for Training-Free Image Editingcited by 113
  12. 2023Optimizing Diffusion Noise Can Serve As Universal Motion Priorscited by 98
38 more
  1. 2023Expressive Text-to-Image Generation with Rich Textcited by 89
  2. 2023Improving Tuning-Free Real Image Editing with Proximal Guidancecited by 87
  3. 2024Not All Noises Are Created Equally:Diffusion Noise Selection and Optimizationcited by 71
  4. 2024FireFlow: Fast Inversion of Rectified Flow for Image Semantic Editingcited by 68
  5. 2024TurboEdit: Text-Based Image Editing Using Few-Step Diffusion Modelscited by 64
  6. 2023The Blessing of Randomness: SDE Beats ODE in General Diffusion-based Image Editingcited by 62
  7. 2025Se~norita-2M: A High-Quality Instruction-based Dataset for General Video Editing by Video Specialistscited by 61
  8. 2024Zero-Shot Unsupervised and Text-Based Audio Editing Using DDPM Inversioncited by 60
  9. 2023Relightful Harmonization: Lighting-aware Portrait Background Replacementcited by 57
  10. 2023LEDITS: Real Image Editing with DDPM Inversion and Semantic Guidancecited by 49
  11. 2023Contrastive Denoising Score for Text-guided Latent Diffusion Image Editingcited by 49
  12. 2024Large-Scale Text-to-Image Model with Inpainting is a Zero-Shot Subject-Driven Image Generatorcited by 48
  13. 2023Posterior Distillation Samplingcited by 46
  14. 2025VoxHammer: Training-Free Precise and Coherent 3D Editing in Native 3D Spacecited by 45
  15. 2023Exact Diffusion Inversion via Bi-directional Integration Approximationcited by 44
  16. 2024EmerDiff: Emerging Pixel-level Semantic Knowledge in Diffusion Modelscited by 43
  17. 2024Add-it: Training-Free Object Insertion in Images With Pretrained Diffusion Modelscited by 43
  18. 2024Continuous, Subject-Specific Attribute Control in T2I Models by Identifying Semantic Directionscited by 41
  19. 2023GenHowTo: Learning to Generate Actions and State Transformations from Instructional Videoscited by 40
  20. 2024Slicedit: Zero-Shot Video Editing With Text-to-Image Diffusion Models Using Spatio-Temporal Slicescited by 40
  21. 2024Paint by Inpaint: Learning to Add Image Objects by Removing Them Firstcited by 39
  22. 2024Schedule Your Edit: A Simple yet Effective Diffusion Noise Schedule for Image Editingcited by 39
  23. 2024Steering Rectified Flow Models in the Vector Field for Controlled Image Generationcited by 39
  24. 2025UniEdit-Flow: Unleashing Inversion and Editing in the Era of Flow Modelscited by 39
  25. 2023Lightning-Fast Image Inversion and Editing for Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 35
  26. 2024Unveil Inversion and Invariance in Flow Transformer for Versatile Image Editingcited by 34
  27. 2025ThinkSound: Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Multimodal Large Language Models for Audio Generation and Editingcited by 34
  28. 2023Latent Space Editing in Transformer-Based Flow Matchingcited by 32
  29. 2025How I Warped Your Noise: a Temporally-Correlated Noise Prior for Diffusion Modelscited by 32
  30. 2024Monkey See, Monkey Do: Harnessing Self-attention in Motion Diffusion for Zero-shot Motion Transfercited by 31
  31. 2023Generative Rendering: Controllable 4D-Guided Video Generation with 2D Diffusion Modelscited by 30
  32. 2024Conditional Image Synthesis with Diffusion Models: A Surveycited by 29
  33. 2024BELM: Bidirectional Explicit Linear Multi-step Sampler for Exact Inversion in Diffusion Modelscited by 29
  34. 2024PrEditor3D: Fast and Precise 3D Shape Editingcited by 28
  35. 2025Compressed Image Generation with Denoising Diffusion Codebook Modelscited by 28
  36. 2024Pathways on the Image Manifold: Image Editing via Video Generationcited by 27
  37. 2024TurboEdit: Instant text-based image editingcited by 26
  38. 2024Noise Map Guidance: Inversion with Spatial Context for Real Image Editingcited by 25

50 most cited of 244 All 244 (JSON)

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  3. 2024Enabling Local Editing in Diffusion Models by Joint and Individual Component Analysis
  4. 2023Inversion-Free Image Editing with Natural Language
  5. 2021Improved Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models
  6. 2022SinDDM: A Single Image Denoising Diffusion Model
  7. 2023ShiftDDPMs: Exploring Conditional Diffusion Models by Shifting Diffusion Trajectories
  8. 2023Discovering Interpretable Directions in the Semantic Latent Space of Diffusion Models