mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

AI PERSONA: Towards Life-long Personalization of LLMs

arXiv 2412.13103 ↗First posted 17 Dec 2024cs.CL cs.AIcited by 32

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Abstract (arXiv)

In this work, we introduce the task of life-long personalization of large language models. While recent mainstream efforts in the LLM community mainly focus on scaling data and compute for improved capabilities of LLMs, we argue that it is also very important to enable LLM systems, or language agents, to continuously adapt to the diverse and ever-changing profiles of every distinct user and provide up-to-date personalized assistance. We provide a clear task formulation and introduce a simple, general, effective, and scalable framework for life-long personalization of LLM systems and language agents. To facilitate future research on LLM personalization, we also introduce methods to synthesize realistic benchmarks and robust evaluation metrics. We will release all codes and data for building and benchmarking life-long personalized LLM systems.

Key facts. Cited by 32 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 37 of its 43 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Dec 2024.

Builds on

37 of 43 references.

References · 37

  1. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,419
  2. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
  3. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,971
  4. 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,380
  5. 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 14,132
  6. 2023Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Modelscited by 13,028
  7. 2023AgentBench: Evaluating LLMs as Agentscited by 1,267
  8. 2023GAIA: a benchmark for General AI Assistantscited by 1,128
  9. 2023AgentVerse: Facilitating Multi-Agent Collaboration and Exploring Emergent Behaviorscited by 598
  10. 2023LaMP: When Large Language Models Meet Personalizationcited by 437
  11. 2024TravelPlanner: A Benchmark for Real-World Planning with Language Agentscited by 392
  12. 2024Personal LLM Agents: Insights and Survey about the Capability, Efficiency and Securitycited by 260
25 more
  1. 2023RoleLLM: Benchmarking, Eliciting, and Enhancing Role-Playing Abilities of Large Language Modelscited by 175
  2. 2023TaskBench: Benchmarking Large Language Models for Task Automationcited by 144
  3. 2023Do LLMs Understand User Preferences? Evaluating LLMs On User Rating Predictioncited by 116
  4. 2023Agents: An Open-source Framework for Autonomous Language Agentscited by 116
  5. 2024Symbolic Learning Enables Self-Evolving Agentscited by 106
  6. 2023PALR: Personalization Aware LLMs for Recommendationcited by 96
  7. 2023Pearl: Personalizing Large Language Model Writing Assistants with Generation-Calibrated Retrieverscited by 92
  8. 2024Democratizing Large Language Models via Personalized Parameter-Efficient Fine-tuningcited by 90
  9. 2024Personalized Pieces: Efficient Personalized Large Language Models through Collaborative Effortscited by 74
  10. 2024HYDRA: Model Factorization Framework for Black-Box LLM Personalizationcited by 60
  11. 2024Self-evolving Agents with reflective and memory-augmented abilitiescited by 52
  12. 2023Teach LLMs to Personalize -- An Approach inspired by Writing Educationcited by 48
  13. 2023Faithful Persona-based Conversational Dataset Generation with Large Language Modelscited by 47
  14. 2023Integrating Summarization and Retrieval for Enhanced Personalization via Large Language Modelscited by 45
  15. 2023ASSISTGUI: Task-Oriented Desktop Graphical User Interface Automationcited by 45
  16. 2024Personalized Large Language Modelscited by 44
  17. 2024CMAT: A Multi-Agent Collaboration Tuning Framework for Enhancing Small Language Modelscited by 26
  18. 2023Large Language Models for User Interest Journeyscited by 24
  19. 2023BookGPT: A General Framework for Book Recommendation Empowered by Large Language Modelcited by 22
  20. 2023User Modeling in the Era of Large Language Models: Current Research and Future Directionscited by 18
  21. 2024Language-Based User Profiles for Recommendationcited by 18
  22. 2023RefGPT: Dialogue Generation of GPT, by GPT, and for GPTcited by 15
  23. 2024SurveyAgent: A Conversational System for Personalized and Efficient Research Surveycited by 11
  24. 2023RoleCraft-GLM: Advancing Personalized Role-Playing in Large Language Modelscited by 9
  25. 2024Paper Copilot: A Self-Evolving and Efficient LLM System for Personalized Academic Assistancecited by 8

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 12; 2026: 20.

32 papers.

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  1. 2025Memory in the Age of AI Agentscited by 303
  2. 2026SimpleMem: Efficient Lifelong Memory for LLM Agentscited by 149
  3. 2026A Survey of Agent Memory in the Second Half: Towards Self-Evolving and Long-Horizon Agentscited by 44
  4. 2025O-Mem: Omni Memory System for Personalized, Long Horizon, Self-Evolving Agentscited by 32
  5. 2025Towards Agentic Recommender Systems in the Era of Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 26
  6. 2025CUPID: Evaluating Personalized and Contextualized Alignment of LLMs from Interactionscited by 22
  7. 2026Beyond RAG for Agent Memory: Retrieval by Decoupling and Aggregationcited by 19
  8. 2026Learning Personalized Agents from Human Feedbackcited by 18
  9. 2025Evaluating Personalized Tool-Augmented LLMs from the Perspectives of Personalization and Proactivitycited by 17
  10. 2026HorizonBench: Long-Horizon Personalization with Evolving Preferencescited by 17
  11. 2025Towards Personalized Deep Research: Benchmarks and Evaluationscited by 16
  12. 2025PersonaFeedback: A Large-scale Human-annotated Benchmark For Personalizationcited by 15
20 more
  1. 2025DeepPersona: A Generative Engine for Scaling Deep Synthetic Personascited by 15
  2. 2025Humanizing Machines: Rethinking LLM Anthropomorphism Through a Multi-Level Framework of Designcited by 11
  3. 2025ToolSpectrum : Towards Personalized Tool Utilization for Large Language Modelscited by 6
  4. 2026CloneMem: Benchmarking Long-Term Memory for AI Clonescited by 6
  5. 2026Synthetic Interaction Data for Scalable Personalization in Large Language Modelscited by 4
  6. 2026Neural Procedural Memory: Empowering LLM Agents with Implicit Activation Steeringcited by 3
  7. 2025Aligning VLM Assistants with Personalized Situated Cognitioncited by 2
  8. 2026Steer Model beyond Assistant: Controlling System Prompt Strength via Contrastive Decodingcited by 2
  9. 2026Contextualized Visual Personalization in Vision-Language Modelscited by 2
  10. 2026Reflections and New Directions for Human-Centered Large Language Modelscited by 2
  11. 2026PersonaTree: Structured Lifecycle Memory for Person Understanding in LLM Agentscited by 2
  12. 2026The Pragmatic Persona: Discovering LLM Persona through Bridging Inferencecited by 1
  13. 2026From Profiling to Synthesis: Benchmarking Implicit Behavioral Alignment in Personalized LLM Agentscited by 1
  14. 2026Harness the Memory: A Holistic Evaluation of Memory Substrates in Memory Agentscited by 1
  15. 2025Reflective Personalization Optimization: A Post-hoc Rewriting Framework for Black-Box Large Language Modelscited by 0
  16. 2026PromptHelper: A Prompt Recommender System for Encouraging Creativity in AI Chatbot Interactionscited by 0
  17. 2026The Subjectivity of Respect in Police Traffic Stops: Modeling Community Perspectives in Body-Worn Camera Footagecited by 0
  18. 2026Where Paths Split: Localized, Calibrated Control of Moral Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 0
  19. 2026ExPerT: Personalizing LLM Responses to Users' Domain Expertise via Query-Wise Semantic and Keystroke Behavioral Cuescited by 0
  20. 2026RealCompanion: Benchmarking Human Understanding from Reasoning over Longitudinal Real-World Conversationscited by 0